COMM:
(FCS) DEDR2518(b), along with OIA
cikroḍa, suggests an underlying
*cirk- ~ *cikr- + o/u. On the other hand, the Go. pl.
ciḍrahk (DEDR2518a) may imply an underlying
*ciḍr…k. It is also possible to see a prefix
ci- followed by an element
krVḍ ~
ḍrVk.
4795 *ciṇoṭṭhī— ‘Abrus precatorius’. [Cf. ciñcī— f., kāka-
ciñcā— f.; Pk. deśīn. kaṇeḍḍhiā— f.]
Pk. ciṇoṭṭhī— f.; G. canɔṭhī f. ‘A. precatorius and its
berry (used as a measure of weight)’.
CIT ‘observe’: cittá—1, cítti—1, citrá—, cintáyati,
cintā́—, cḗtana—, cētáyati, cḗtas—, cḗttr̥—.
4800 *citta—
2 ‘lying on the back’.
P. citt ‘prostrate on the back’, N. cit, cittā, A. sit, B.
cit, Or. cita; Mth. cit ‘lying face down’; H. cit ‘prostrate
on the back’, G. cīt, catũ, cattũ, M. cīt.
4802 *citth— ‘pound, tear’.
S. cithaṇu ‘to pound, bruise, hash’; L. citthaṇ ‘to
chew’, (Ju.) cithaṇ; P. citthṇā ‘to pound, crush, chew’;
H. cīthnā ‘to crush, tear’; M. cithṇẽ ‘to take offence’.
— Ext. with —ḍ—: S. cīthaṛo m. ‘old ragged clothes’,
cithiṛaṇu, cithāṛ°, cethāṛ° ‘to bruise, crush’; P. cīthṛā m.
‘rag’, Ku. cithṛo, N. cithro, cithornu ‘to scratch, claw,
get scratched’; H. cīthaṛ, °thṛā m. ‘rag’, cithāṛnā ‘to tear
to pieces’; G. cithṛũ n. ‘rag’; — with —r—: G. cithrũ n.,
°rī f. ‘rag’.
4819 *
cippa—, *
cīppa—, *
cēppa— ‘gummy matter’.
S.
cipyaru m. ‘one whose eyes are full of gummy
matter’; P.
cīp f.,
cīpaṛ m. ‘glue, any viscous substance’,
cippṇā,
cipakṇā,
°aṭṇā intr. ‘to stick’,
cipṛā ‘having the
eyes full of gummy secretion’,
cīplā ‘sticky’; WPah.
bhal.
ċ
e/
pṛo m. ‘gummy secretion in eyes’; N.
cipro ‘id.’,
ciplo ‘smooth, slimy’,
ciplinu ‘to slip’; H.
cep,
cīpaṛ f.
‘gummy secretion in eyes’,
cepnā tr. ‘to stick on’,
cepī,
cippī f. ‘a little piece stuck on’; G.
cipṛũ n.,
°ṛɔ m.
‘gummy secretion in eyes’; M.
cipā̆ḍ m. n.,
cipḍẽ n.,
°ḍā m. ‘id.’,
cipṇẽ ‘to have eyes closed by it’,
cipḍā
‘affected by it’. — Other variants (X MIA.
seppha—,
seṁbha— < *
śrēṣman—??): WPah. bhal.
ċipph m. ‘resin
from pine trees’, Ku.
ciphlo,
cibhlo ‘slippery’, B.
chep
‘spittle’, Or.
chipa,
chepa ‘spittle with phlegm’.
*
cippiṭa—, *cippiṭṭa— ‘flat’ see
cipiṭá—.
Addenda: *
cippa—: WPah.poet.
ċiplo ‘slippery’ (< *
cippalla— or
← P.); kṭg.
ċipƏṭṇõ; ‘to stick, adhere’ (prob. ← H.
cipaṭnā or P.
cipaṭṇā).
4821 *cibba— ‘flattened’. [Cf. cipitá—, cikká—4, *cimb—]
S. ciḇu m. ‘dent, bruise’, ciḇo ‘dented’, ciḇa f.,
ciḇiro m. ‘owl’; L. cibbā, (Ju.) ciḇḇā ‘crooked, paralysed,
having facial paralysis’, cibṛī f. ‘spotted owlet’; G. cībũ,
cibṛũ ‘flat—faced’, cībṛī f. ‘owl’; M. cı̃bā ‘flattened’.
*cimpaṭa— ‘flat’ see cipiṭá—.
4822 *cimb— ‘pinch’. [Cf. *cibba—, *capp—]
Bshk. ičimik ‘blink’; S. cimṭo m. ‘tongs’; P. cambaṛnā,
cimmaṛnā ‘to copulate’, cimṭā m. ‘tongs’; Ku. cim
‘pinch’, cimṭā ‘pincers’, cimoṭi ‘nip with the nails’;
N. cim ‘closing the eyes’, cimlanu ‘to blink’, cimṭanu,
cimoṭ° ‘to pinch’, cimṭā ‘pincers’; B. cimṭā ‘to pinch’,
sb. ‘tongs’; Or. cimuṭibā ‘to pinch’, cimuṭā ‘pinching,
tongs’; H. cimaṭnā ‘to embrace closely’, cimṭā, cyū̃ṭā m.
‘pincers’; G. cı̃boḷvũ ‘to pinch the ear’, cimṭɔ m. ‘tongs’,
camṭɔ m. ‘hard pinch’; M. cı̃bṇẽ ‘to pinch, squeeze’,
cı̃baḷṇẽ, cı̃baṭṇẽ, cimaṭṇẽ ‘to pinch’, cimṭā m. ‘pinch,
pincers’.
Addenda: *cimb— [In sense ‘blink’ ~ Drav. DED 2097]
4823 *ciyāku— ‘fungus’. [Cf. kyāku— n. Āp.]
N. cyāu ‘mushroom or mushroom—like fungus’.
4827 *cilla—
2 ‘unctuous, shining’.
Pk. cillaa—, °liya— ‘shining’; S. cilo m. ‘pancake’,
cilkaṇu ‘to be bright’, P. cilakṇā; N. cillo ‘greasy,
smooth, polished’, sb. ‘grease, ghee’, cillo—callo ‘a
dainty’; H. cilaknā ‘to be bright’, cilcilānā ‘to be very
hot (of the sun)’.
Addenda: *cilla—
2. 2. †;*cila—: WPah.kṭg. ċiḷƏk ‘morning
sunshine, first rays of the sun’, J. ciḷk f. ‘morning
sunshine on the highest peaks’ Him.I 62.
4832 *ciṣṭa— ‘message’. [Cf. Av. kaēš—, činasti ‘teaches,
makes known’, Pahl. nām—čišt ‘known by name’
H. W. Bailey JRAS 1934, 510]
Sh. čiṭhi f. ‘letter’ (← Ind.); S. ciṭho m. ‘list’, °ṭhī f.
‘letter’, L. P. ciṭṭhī f.; P. ciṭṭhā m. ‘account’; WPah.
bhal. ċiṭhi f. ‘letter’; N. ciṭṭhā ‘lot’, ciṭhi ‘letter’, A.
siṭhi; B. ciṭhā ‘tally’, °ṭhi ‘letter’; Or. ciṭhā ‘rough draft’,
°ṭhi ‘letter’; Bi. ciṭhī ‘letter sent to groom's father
announcing auspicious day for wedding’; Mth. Aw.
lakh. cīṭhī ‘letter’; H. ciṭṭhā m. ‘ballot’, ciṭṭhī, cīṭhī f.
‘letter’, G. ciṭṭhī f.; M. ciṭṭhā m. ‘account’, ci(ṭ)ṭhī f.
‘letter’.
Addenda: *ciṣṭa—: WPah.kṭg. ċíṭṭhi
f. ‘note, message’.
4847 *cīssa— ‘sharp pain’.
P. cīs f. ‘sudden pain’; Ku. cīs ‘keen pain, scorching’;
N. ciso ‘cold’; H. cīs f. ‘sudden pain’; G. cīs f. ‘scream’.
4848 *cukk— ‘fall short of, stop’. [< Pk. cukka— ‘fallen, mis-
taken, forgotten’ replacing cyutá— ‘fallen, missing one's
aim’. — √cyu]
Pk. cukkaï ‘falls, is forgotten, is destroyed, makes
a mistake, errs’, tr. ‘to make fall, break’; Sh. koh.
čŭkyōnu̯ intr. ‘to stop’, čokŭ ‘stopped, at a standstill’; S.
cukaṇu ‘to be finished, err’; L. cukkaṇ ‘to be finished,
be forgotten, err, miss’, awāṇ. cukkā ‘settled’; P. cukkṇā
‘to be finished, miss, err, forget’, tr. ‘to finish, under-
take’; Ku. cukṇo ‘to fall short of, miss, fail’; N. cuknu
‘to be in fault, miss, overlook’; B. cukā ‘to make a mis-
take, be finished, be settled’, tr. ‘to finish, settle’; Or.
cukibā ‘to make a mistake’; Mth. cukab ‘perform in-
sufficiently, err’; Bhoj. cukal ‘to settle an account’, cūk
‘mistake’; H. cūknā, cuk° ‘to fall short of, fail, be
finished’; Marw. cūkṇo ‘to be completed’, cūk f. ‘mis-
take’; OG. cūkaï ‘misses’, G. cukvũ ‘to fail, miss, err’;
M. ċukṇẽ ‘to blunder’; — caus. Pk. cukkavaï ‘causes to
lose’; S. cukāiṇu ‘to make err, finish’; L. cukāvaṇ ‘to
finish with, settle’, P. cukāuṇā, N. cukāunu; B. cukāna
‘to get rid of, finish, settle’; Or. cukāibā ‘to settle’, H.
cukānā; G. cukā̆vvũ ‘to cause to lose one's aim, discharge,
settle’; M. ċukā̆viṇẽ ‘to elude’.
*cukka— ‘vulva’ see *cutta—.
Addenda: *cukk—: S.kcch. cukāṇū ‘to pay, remit’, cūke vanṇū ‘to
miss (a target)’, WPah.poet. ċukṇo ‘to err, forget, be
finished’, J. cukṇu.
4852 *cugyati ‘pecks’. [√*cug]
S. cuǥaṇu ‘to peck up with the beak’; L. cuggaṇ ‘to
peck, choose, graze’, awāṇ. cugguṇ ‘to eat’; P. cugṇā ‘to
peck, plait’, cugāuṇā ‘to feed (birds or cattle)’, bhaṭ.
cugṇā intr. ‘to graze’; WPah. cam. cugṇā ‘to graze,
choose’; H. cugnā ‘to peck, pick up, feed’; Marw.
cugṇo ‘to peck, eat’; G. cugvũ ‘to peck and eat (of birds)’.
*cuṅga— ‘octroi duty’ see śulká—.
4853 *cuṅgati ‘pecks’. [√*cug]
WPah. roh. ċuṅgṇõ; ‘to pick up, take up’, jaun. cū̃gṇõmacr;
‘to pick, glean, lift, carry’; N. cũgnu ‘to peck’, H. cū̃gnā;
— S. cū̃gaṇu ‘to eat slowly’ (< ‘*to peck at ’?), cū̃gī f. ‘a
few grains’; L. cuṅg f. ‘handful’; P. cuṅg f. ‘small portion
of anything’; M. ċũg f. ‘swarm, flock’?
*cuṅgha— ‘beard’ see *juṅgha—.
cuci— see *cuccu—.
cucundarī— see chucchundari—.
cucūka— see *cuccu—.
Addenda: *cuṅgati: WPah.kṭg. (kc.) ċuṅgṇõ; ‘to lift up, carry’, J.
cuṅgṇu.
4854 *cucca—
1 ‘defective, blear—eyed’. 2. *cuñca—
1. [Cf.
culla—1 and rhyming *bucca—1]
1. L. (Ju.) cucā ‘purblind, suffering from photo-
phobia’, awāṇ. cuccā ‘short—sighted’; P. cuccā ‘blear-
eyed, sore (of eyes)’, cuccuṛ ‘heavy and strong, coarse’.
2. G. cũcḷũ ‘having eyes half—closed’.
*cucca—
2 ‘beak’ see cañcu—.
*cucci— ‘nipple’ see next.
4855 *cuccu— ‘female breast, nipple’. 2. *cucci—. [Onom.
cf. cūcuka— n. ‘nipple’ R., cuc°, cucūka— n. lex. (Pa.
cūcuka— n., Pk. cūa— n.), cuci— f. W., and further kuca—]
1. Pk. cucuya—, cuccuya— n. ‘nipple’; Ash. ċuċū́
‘female breast’, Wg. čüčǘ, Kt. čuk, Pr. žüžū́, Dm. čúču;
Paš. lauṛ. ar. čučū́ ‘teat, udder’, chil. ċuċū ‘female breast’,
Shum. Woṭ. Gaw. ċuċū́, Kal. rumb. čū́ču; Sv. čučuwa
‘teat’.
2. Gy. eur. čučí f. (eng. tuči) ‘breast, nipple’, pal. čič;
Bshk. čič ‘female breast’, Tor. čiš, čī, Phal. čičī, Sh.
gil. čúči f., pales. číče; P. cūcī f. ‘female breast (when
large)’; WPah. bhad. bhal. ċiċċu n. ‘nipple, teat
(human or animal)’; Ku. cūco ‘udder’, gng. ċuċ ‘female
breast’; N. cuci ‘nipple’ (cf. cucarnu, cucornu ‘to suck’);
B. cuci, cũci ‘female breast’; Or. cucī ‘nipple’; H. cūcī f.
‘breast, nipple’, cuccaṛ m. ‘large breast or udder’; G.
cũcī f. ‘nipple’.
4858 *cuḍ— ‘wear away’. [Cf. cúṇḍati?]
Pk. cuḍaṇa— n. ‘growing old, rotting’; S. cuṛaṇu intr.
‘to wear, be in wear’, coṛaṇu ‘to bring into wear’.
*cuḍa—, *cuḍḍa— ‘vulva’ see *cutta—.
cúṇṭati ‘cuts off’ see cuṭáti.
cuṇṭī— see curī—.
cuṇṭháyati see cuṭáti.
4860 *cutta—, *cūtta— ‘anus, vulva’. 2. *cuḍḍa—. 3. *cuḍa—.
4. *cukka— (cf. *cikk—). [cū̆ta— m., °ti— f. ‘anus’, cyuti-
f. ‘vulva’ lex. Cf. Pers. cul ‘penis’ (if ← EIr., may be <
*cuta—), but more prob. with EWA i 395 ← Drav. cf.
Tam. cūttu, cūṟu ‘anus’ DED 2249]
1. K. ċoth, dat. °ti f. ‘anus, vulva’; S. cuti f., cutaṛu m.
‘anus, rump’, cūti f. ‘vulva’; L. (Ju.) cut f. ‘anus,
bottom’, cuttaṛ m., cutṛī f. ‘buttock’, mult. cutt m.
‘bottom (of a lamp)’, awāṇ. cut ‘vulva’; P. cutt, cūt f.
‘vulva’, cuttaṛ m. ‘rump’, cittaṛ m. ‘buttocks’; Ku. cūt
‘vulva’, cūtaṛ ‘haunch, thigh, hip’; N. cutaṛ ‘buttocks’;
B. cut ‘anus, vulva’, cutaṛ ‘anus, buttocks’; Or. (Sam-
bhalpur) cutal ‘anus, buttocks’; H. cūt f. ‘vulva’, cūtaṛ
m. ‘rump’; G. cūt f. ‘vulva’, M. ċūt f., ċutā̆ḍ m.
2. S. cuḍ̱u m. ‘vulva’, L. cuḍḍ m., P. cuḍḍ f.
3. P. H. cuṛ f. ‘vulva’.
4. Kho. (Lor.) ċuk ‘vulva’?
CUD ‘impel’. [For list of poss. enlargements of IE.
*sqeu— see √sku]
cōdá—, cōdanā́—, cōdáyati, cōdya—; — *cōddati.
Addenda: *cutta—: WPah.kṭg. ċuttƏr m. ‘thigh, buttocks’.
4861 *cunda—
1 ‘wood or ivory work’. [Cf. kunda—1]
Pa. cunda— m. ‘ivory worker’; Or. cundibā ‘to do
woodwork’.
*cundakāra—.
*cunda—
2 ‘protuberance’ see cū́ḍa—1.
4863 *cupp— ‘strike’. 2. *cōpp—. 3. *cump—. [For list of
poss. enlargements of IE. *sqeu— see √sku]
1. Wg. (Lumsden) "chúp" ‘wound’, "chúba"
‘wounded, cut’; N. cup(p)i ‘dagger’; B. cupāna ‘to cut to
pieces’; G. cupvũ ‘to be thrust’.
2. Ku. copṇo ‘to dip’; N. copnu ‘to pierce, sink in’,
copalnu ‘to dive into, penetrate’; A. sop ‘blow’; B. cop
‘blow’, copsā ‘letting water sink in’; G. copvũ ‘to pierce’;
M. ċopṇẽ ‘to beat a floor, fall in and look flat.’
3. NiDoc. cuṁpita ‘cut, chopped’.
4864 *cuppa—
1 ‘silent’. [Onom.? — Hardly with LM 330
< *cr̥pya—, see *capp—]
S. cupu, cipu f. ‘silence’, L. cup f., P. cupp f.; Ku. cup
adj.; N. cup adj. and sb.; A. sup adj., B. Or. cup, Mth.
cup, cuppe adv.; H. cup f.; G. cūp adj., M. ċuppa; -
Paš. čup ‘silent’, čup— ‘to be silent’ ← Ind. or Kabuli
Pers. IIFL iii 3, 46. — K. ċhŏpa f.
Addenda: *cuppa—1: WPah.kṭg. ċup f. (obl. —a) ‘silence’, ċuppɔ
‘silent’; — A. copiba (phonet. s—) ‘to lie in wait’ AFD
331.
4865 *cuppa—
2, *cōppa— ‘oily’. [Cf. *tuppa—]
Pk. cuppa— ‘oily’, coppaḍa— m. ‘ghee, oil’, coppaḍaï
‘makes greasy’, covvaḍ° (= *cobb—?), copphucca— ‘greasy’;
L. cōpaṛaṇ ‘to smear with oil or butter’, copṛī ‘greasy’;
P. copaṛ m. ‘grease’, cupṛāuṇā ‘to smear with oil’; Ku.
copaṛ ‘oil, ghee’, cupṛo ‘oily’, gng. ċupaṛ ‘smooth’; N.
tel—cupar ‘anointing with oil’, cupārnu ‘to smear with
oil’; A. supi ‘oil vessel’; H. cūpaṛ, copaṛ m. ‘oil, grease,
butter’, cupaṛnā, cupar° ‘to smear with oil’; G. copṛũ
‘greasy’, copaṛvũ ‘to besmear’; M. copaḍ ‘greasy’, n.
‘ghee, butter, oil’.
cubuka— see cibuka—.
Addenda: *cuppa—2: WPah.kṭg. (kc.) ċoppƏṛ m. ‘butter’, J. cupar
m.; A. spel. cupi ‘small oil vessel’.
4866 *cubb— ‘pierce’. 2. *cōbb—. 3. *cōmb—. [For list of
poss. enlargements of IE. *sqeu— see √sku]
1. A. subāiba ‘to immerse’; B. cubā ‘to plunge into’;
Or. cublibā ‘to spoil water by dipping hand into pot’;
H. cubuknā ‘to pierce’; M. ċubakṇẽ ‘to pierce, puncture’.
2. Ku. cobṇo ‘to dip’; N. cobnu ‘to pierce, sink in’,
cobalnu ‘to immerse’; B. cobal ‘sudden bite’, cobāhā ‘a
kind of waterfowl’; G. cobvũ ‘to brand’, cobɔ m.
‘puncture, drumstick’. — Si. hobanavā, ob° ‘to press,
imprint’ bec. of loss of h— rather < sumbhati.
3. M. ċõ;bṇẽ ‘to stuff in’; — ċomaṇ n. ‘penis’?
*CUBH ‘pierce’. [For list of poss. enlargements of IE.
*sqeu— see √sku]
*cubhyatē, *cumbhati.
4869 *cumbaṭa— ‘coil, round pad’.
Pa. cumbaṭa— n. ‘coil, pad of cloth, pillow’, °aka— n.
‘pillow’, mālā—cumbaṭa—, °aka— n. ‘wreath’; H. cũbal,
cummal m., cumlī f. ‘pad on head on which to carry
burdens’, M. ċũbaḷ, °bhaḷ n.; Si. sum̆buḷuva ‘roll of cloth,
esp. pad placed under a jar carried on the head, crown,
garland, pillow’.
Addenda: *cumbaṭa— ‘pad’. [~ Drav. DED 2204]
4874 *cul— ‘fidget, itch’. 2. *cil—. 3. *cōl— tr.
1. Pk. culuculaï ‘throbs, jumps’; Dm. čūl— ‘to creep’,
čulāy— tr. ‘to move (e.g. a paw)’; Phal. čul— intr. ‘to
move’; S. curaṇu intr. ‘to shake’, cur—phuri f. ‘restless-
ness’; P. culculāunā ‘to fidget’; B. culculiyā ‘restless’;
H. cul f. ‘itching, lust’, culculānā ‘to itch’; G. caḷ f.
‘itching’; M. ċuḷċuḷ f., °ḷā m. ‘impatience, fidgeting,
itching’, ċuḷbuḷṇẽ ‘to fidget (of children)’.
2. K. ċĕl m. ‘rubbing, anger’; N. cilnu ‘to sting (of
plants and animals)’, cilāunu, cilcilāunu ‘to itch,’ cilbile
‘talkative (of children)’.
3. L. colaṇ tr. ‘to agitate, move’.
4877 *culla—
2 ‘small’. [Cf. cūḍa—3 ‘small’ BHS ii 232 (Pa.
cūḷa—), cúṇḍati, cúṇṭati, cuṭṭáyati ‘becomes small’
Dhātup. Poss. collides with MIA. chulla— < kṣulla-
(e.g. in Si.), but derivation of cūḍa—3 < kṣudrá— (EWA i
394) phonet. impossible. PMWS 152 ← Mu. (see
*chōṭṭa—), but H. Smith JA 1950, 196 derives from
onom. *cu—cu. Belongs with culla—1 to a ‘defective’
word—group (see, e.g., *bukka—4) and rhymes with
*bulla— < bulvá—, *kulla— < kulvá—, *bhulla—,
*lulla—]
Pa. Pk. culla— ‘small’; — Gy. eur. čulo ‘a little’; Si.
sulu ‘small’, hul—an̆gilla ‘little finger’: less likely <
kṣulla—. — MIA. cmpd. in Pk. culla—tāya— (< tātá—),
M. ċultā m. ‘father's brother’.
Addenda: *culla—
2 ‘small’. [Cf. also †;*cuṭṭa—]
4899 *cūha— ‘rat, mouse’.
S. cūho m. ‘rat’; L. cūhā m. ‘rat’, cūhī f. ‘mouse’; P.
cūhā m., °hī f. ‘rat, mouse’; N. cuhā ‘mouse’; B. cuyā
‘rat, mouse’; Or. cūā ‘mouse’; H. cūhā, cūā m., cūhī,
°hiyā f. ‘rat, mouse’, G. cuvɔ m.; M. ċuhā, ċuvā m.
‘sharp—witted person’.
4900 *cūhaḍa— ‘a partic. low caste’.
P. cūhṛā m. ‘a caste of sweepers’; H. cūhāṛ, cūhṛā m.
‘a scavenger caste’.
*cūhaḍakarman—.
4904 *cēṭṭa— ‘defective’. [Perh. like cēṭa— ← Mu., cf. Sant.
ceṇḍa ‘young’, ceṭra ‘dwarfish’ PMWS 99]
Wg. čeṭe ‘stupid’, Pr. čiṭë, Paš. čaṭā.
*cēḍ— ‘make angry’ see *ciḍ—.
4911 *cēlla— ‘boy’. [LM 331 ← Drav. and separate from
cēṭa—: nevertheless ultimately conn. with this and
*cēṭṭa—. — Cf. cēluka— m. ‘Buddhist novice’ lex.]
Pa. cellaka— m. ‘a class of novice (distinct from cēṭaka—)’;
Pk. cella—, °aya—, cilla— m. ‘boy’; Gy. eur. romani—čel m.
‘the Gypsies’; S. celo m. ‘disciple’, L. celṛī f. ‘female
disciple’, P. celā m., °lī f.; Ku. celo ‘son, disciple’; N. celo
‘pupil, apprentice’, B. Or. Mth. celā, H. celā m. (→ K.
cela m.), °lī f.; G. celɔ m., °lī f. ‘pupil’, celkɔ m. ‘boy’,
°kī f. ‘girl’ (as terms of endearment); M. celā m., °lī f.
‘disciple’, cilı̄̃—pilı̄̃ n. pl. ‘brats, children’; Ko. celli, calli f.
‘girl, daughter’.
CĒṢṬ ‘be active’: cḗṣṭati, cēṣṭā—.
Addenda: *cēlla— [Cf. Ir. in Shgh. ċƏl—dūr ‘younger’]
Ku. celo m. ‘boy’, celī f. ‘girl’, Brj. celo m. ‘boy’,
celī f. ‘girl’.
4917 *cōkka— (with ext. —ḍa—, —ra—, —la—) ‘chaff, bran’.
P. cokar f. ‘bran’; Ku. cokaṛ ‘bran, husk, chaff’; N.
cokar ‘bran’, cokrā ‘dregs (e.g. of rice—spirit)’; B. cokaṛ,
cokal ‘bran’, coklā ‘rind, bran’; Bi. cokar, cõ;k°, cokrā, cõ;k°
‘bran, husks’; H. cokaṛ, cokar, cõ;k° m. ‘bran’.
4921 *cōṅga— ‘section of bamboo’?
Bshk. čõdotdot;k ‘small wooden vessel’; N. cũgā ‘a bamboo
vessel for holding liquids’; A. soṅgā, suṅā ‘joint of
bamboo, bamboo tube’; B. coṅg ‘pipe, tube’, coṅgā
‘blowpipe for blowing fire’, cuṅgī ‘bamboo tube used
as vessel’; Or. coṅgā, cuṅgā, °gī ‘pipe, tube, cup’; Bi.
Mth. cõ;gā, °gī ‘pipe of smith's bellows’; H. cõ;gā m. ‘joint
of bamboo, bamboo tube’, °gī f. ‘pipe, tube’; — M. ċõ;gā
m. ‘stick used as a measure of two handbreadths’?
*cōñca— ‘beak’ see cañcu—.
*cōṭa— ‘beak’ see cōṇṭa—.
cōṭáyati see cuṭáti.
*cōṭṭ— ‘cut, strike’ see cuṭáti.
*cōṭṭa—
1 ‘protuberance’ see cū́ḍa—1.
4922 *cōṭṭa—
2 ‘thief’. [PMWS 135 with cōrá—1 ← Drav. Tam.
coṭṭu—, cuṟṟu— ‘to steal’]
L. P. coṭā m. ‘thief’; WPah. bhal. ċɔṭṭ m. ‘rogue’, n.
‘despicable rogue’; N. coṭṭo ‘thief’, Or. coṭhā; Aw. lakh.
coṭā ‘petty thief’, H. coṭṭā m.; G. coṭṭũ ‘thievish’.
Addenda: *cōṭṭa—2: WPah.poet. ċɔṭue f. ‘vagabond girl, faithless
girl’; Brj. coṭṭo m. ‘thief’.
*cōṭṭa—
1 see cū́ḍa—1 Add2.
4924 *cōḍa—
2, cōla—2 m. ‘name of a people on the Coromandel
coast’ MBh.
Aś. coḍā m. pl. ‘name of a people’; Si. heḷa ‘Ceylon’,
eḷuva ‘the ancient Sinhalese language’ H. Smith JA
1950, 212 < *coḷiya— (EGS 31 < siṁhala—).
cōḍa—
3 ‘protuberance’ see cū́ḍa—1.
4925 *cōṇṭa— ‘beak’. 2. cōṭa—. 3. *ṭōñca—. 4. *ṭōcca—.
[For list of similar forms see tuṇḍa— and cañcu—]
1. K. cõ̂ṭu
m. ‘chin’ (← Ind.); S. cõ;ṭa f. ‘beak’ (←
Centre?), B. cõ;ṭ; Si. soṭa, ho° ‘beak, snout, mouth’
(LM 332, EGS 195 < cañcu—).
2. Paš. čōṛı̄́ ‘beak’.
3. M. ṭõ;ċ, ṭoċ f.
4. G. ṭoci
f.
*cōṇḍa— ‘protuberance’ see cū́ḍa—1.
*cōtth— ‘tear’ see cuṭáti.
4951 *chaka— ‘dung’. [~ śáka— n. AV. — śákr̥t—]
Pk. chaga— n. ‘dung’.
*chakana—, *chakara—.
4952 *chakana— n. ‘dung’, chagaṇa— m. (n. lex.) ‘dried
cowdung’ Pañcad. [~ *śakana—. — *chaka—]
Pa. chakana—, °kaṇa— n. ‘animal dung’; Pk. chagaṇa-
n., °ṇiyā— f. ‘cowdung’; S. cheṇu, °ṇo m. ‘cow or buffalo
dung’; — G. chāṇ n. ‘cow or buffalo dung’, chāṇũ n.
‘cowdung cake’ or < *chākana—; M. śeṇ n. ‘cowdung’
or < śakana—.
*chākana—; *chakanapānīya—, *chakanākara—.
4955 *chakara— ‘dung’. [~ *śakara—2. — *chaka—]
Ku. chero ‘watery stool’; N. cher ‘diarrhoea’, chernu ‘to
have diarrhoea’; A. serāiba ‘bowels to be loose’, serni
‘looseness of bowels’; Or. cherā ‘watery stools’, cheribā
‘to void such’; H. chernā ‘to have bad digestion’; G.
cher f. ‘watery stools, bird dung’, chervũ ‘to have
diarrhoea’; — M. śer f. ‘bird dung’, śerṇẽ ‘to void dung
(of birds)’ or < *śakara—2.
*chākara—.
4956 *chakka—
1 ‘astonished, excited’.
S. chakaṇu ‘to be infatuated’, caus. chakāiṇu; N.
chakka ‘amazement’, chakinu ‘to be deceived’, caus.
chakāunu; H. chāknā ‘to be intoxicated’, chaknā ‘to be
astonished’; G. chāk f. ‘intoxication’, chākvũ ‘to be
mad’, chākaṭ ‘intoxicated’.
Addenda: *chakka—1: S.kcch. chakk ‘astonished’.
4957 *chakka—
2 ‘mouthful’.
S. chakāiṇu ‘to cause to eat’; P. chakk f. ‘present to
bards’, chakṇā ‘to eat’; N. chāk ‘anything sufficient for
one time, a meal’, chāknu ‘to drink by letting water drop
into mouth’; H. chāk m. ‘ready prepared food carried
by labourers’; M. sāk, °ke, °kī f. ‘palm of hand hollowed
to hold water or grain &c.’
*chakkaṭa— ‘cart’ see śákaṭa—.
Addenda: *chakka—2: WPah.kṭg. ċhā́k m. ‘cooked food given to
servants and labourers’; J. chākkā ‘a day's labour
paid for with two seers of grain and a meal’.
4961 *chagana— ‘goat’ (or *chāgana—?). [→ Mj. čan ‘new-
born kid’ IIFL ii 202. — chaga—]
Ash. čäṇä́, čä̃ṛä ‘kid’, Wg. čẽ, čõdotdot;, Kt. čū̃, Kho. čhani
(< *chāganikā— BelvalkarVol 89); Paš. lauṛ. čhanı̄́k,
weg. čaṅaṛä́ ‘male kid’.
*chagara— ‘goat’ see chagalá—.
Addenda: *chagana—: line 3 delete Kt. čū̃ GM 22.6.71.
4964 *chajja— ‘basket’.
Pk. chajjiā— f. ‘basket or pot for flowers’; S. chaj̄u m.
‘winnowing fan’; L. chajj, (Ju.) chaj̄ m. ‘winnowing
basket’ (whence chājī m. ‘winnower’), P. chajj m.,
WPah. bhal. chaj̈j̈ n.; H. chāj m. ‘flat winnowing
basket’.
4965 *chaṭ— ‘scatter, sift’. 2. *chāṭ— [~ *chaṭṭ—, *chaṇṭ—,
*chiṭ—, *chiṭṭ—, *chitr—; — *chaṭṭa—1, *chīṭṭā—,
*jhiṭṭa—2]
1. Pk. chaḍā— f. ‘drop, lightning’ (semant. cf. Ku.
chiṭo < *chiṭṭ—); S. chaṛhaṇu ‘to husk rice in a mortar’,
P. chaṛnā; WPah. pāḍ. ċhaṛaṇ ‘to sow’, cur. chaṛnā ‘to
place, put’; Ku. chaṛṇo ‘to husk out’; N. charnu ‘to
scatter, dust, sow’, charkanu ‘to sprinkle’; B. chaṛāna
‘to scatter’; H. chaṛnā ‘to sift’; G. chaṛvũ ‘to beat,
husk rice’, chaṛɔ m. ‘a sprinkling’, chaṛakvũ ‘to sprinkle’;
M. saḍṇẽ ‘to pound and husk rice’, saḍā m. ‘sprinkling of
thin cowdung wash’, saḍakṇẽ ‘to pelt, agitate violently,
sift’.
2. K. ċhārun ‘to scatter, let go, rummage, seek for’;
S. chāṛhu m. ‘rice—pounder’; Ku. bau—chāṛ ‘wind-
driven drops of rain’.
*ācchaṭ—, *ucchaṭ—, *pracchaṭ—, *vicchaṭ—.
Addenda: *chaṭ—: WPah.kṭg. ċhɔ́ṛnõ; ‘to pound (corn or rice)’, J.
chaṛnu.
4966 *chaṭa— ‘stick, cane’. 2. *chaṭṭa—
2. 3. *chiṭṭa—.
1. S. chaṛaha f. ‘thin pole’, °hī ‘walking-stick’; L.
chaṛī f. ‘rod, switch’ (→ K. chīrü
f. ‘switch’); P. chaṛ f.
‘bamboo spear—shaft’, °ṛī f. ‘stick, cane’, Ku. chaṛ ‘shoot’,
°ṛī ‘stick’; A. sari ‘bamboo punting pole’; B. chaṛ ‘spear-
shaft’, °ṛī ‘switch, cane’; Or. chaṛa ‘spear—shaft’, °ṛī
‘switch, cane’; H. chaṛī f. ‘stick, rod, whip’ (→ Bi. chaṛī
‘thin stick’, N. chaṛi); G. chaṛ m. ‘reed, bamboo, spear-
shaft’, °ṛī f. ‘switch, cane’; M. saḍ m. ‘piece of stubble,
stump of sugarcane’, °ḍī f. ‘splinter, piece of stubble’.
2. P. chaṭī f. ‘stick’; B. chāṭ ‘thin stick or cane’; Or.
chāṭa ‘switch’; M. sāṭ m. ‘framework of slit bamboos,
lathes over rafters’ → G. sāṭɔ m. ‘framework of carriage’.
3. P. chiṭī f. ‘cane’; N. chiṭi ‘basket’; A. siṭikā ‘piece
of split bamboo’; B. chiṭkani ‘thin bamboo rod’; Or.
chiṭikiṇi ‘pellet—bow’; H. chiṭkanī f. ‘bolt’.
Addenda: *chaṭa— [~ Drav. DED 1899 — see saṭṭa—2]
1. S.kcch. chaṛī f. ‘a cane’; WPah.kṭg. ċhɔṛɔ (ɔ́?) m.
‘stick, rib’, ċhɔ́ṛi
f. ‘stick, symbol like a stick carried
before an idol in procession’; J. chaṛi f. ‘gold— or
silver—mounted stick kept by a gatekeeper’; Garh.
chaṛ ‘iron bar’.
3. *chiṭṭa—: WPah.kṭg. ċhíṭṭɔ ‘lopped bare branch’.
4968 *chaṭṭ— ‘scatter’. [See *chaṭ—]
Pk. chaṭṭā— f. ‘drop (of water &c.)’; Ash. čaṭā́— ‘to
throw’; Paš. čaṭ— ‘to scatter’; K. ċhaṭun ‘to shake up and
down, winnow’; L. chaṭṭaṇ ‘to scatter (seed)’; P.
chaṭṭṇā ‘to winnow’ (whence chaṭṇā ‘to be selected’);
WPah. bhal. ċhaṭṭnū ‘to winnow grain (with winnowing
basket)’; N. chaṛkanu ‘to run away’; A. sāṭ ‘splash’,
sāṭi ‘a quantity of seed or liquid thrown broadcast’,
saṭiyāiba ‘to scatter, sprinkle’; B. chāṭā ‘to plaster a
mud wall thickly’, chaṭkāna ‘to scatter’; Or. chāṭa
‘slanting rain’; H. chaṭaknā ‘to be scattered’; G.
chaṭakvũ ‘to slip off’; M. sāṭā m. ‘sprinkling of flour’,
saṭakṇẽ ‘to slip off’.
*apacchaṭṭ—, *pracchaṭṭ—.
Addenda: *chaṭṭ—: WPah.kṭg. ċháṭṇõ; ‘to whitewash’.
4969 *chaṭṭa—
1 ‘sudden movement’. [Cf. *chaṭṭ—, *chaṭ—]
K. ċhaṭh, dat. °ṭi f. ‘windstorm’; S. chaṭo m. ‘stroke
of wind which causes madness’; N. chaṭāunu ‘to be
mad’, chaṭāhā ‘mad’, chaṭṭai ‘quickly’, chaṭpaṭi ‘restless-
ness’; A. sāṭā ‘dazzling light’; B. chaṭpaṭ ‘restlessness’;
Or. chaṭapaṭa ‘restless’; H. chaṭpaṭī f. ‘restlessness’;
G. chaṭel ‘running wild’.
*chaṭṭa—
2 ‘thin stick’ see *chaṭa—.
4970 *chaṇṭ— ‘scatter’. [See *chaṭ—; — → Psht. ċandƏl ‘to
clean by shaking’; but cf. Pahl. čandēnīdan, Bal. čandag
‘to stir, shake’, Orm. ċwan— ‘to shake out dust from
clothes’ IIFL i 391]
Pk. chaṁṭa— m. ‘drop’, chaṁṭaï ‘sprinkles’; K.
ċhā̃ḍun ‘to rummage, seek for’; S. chaṇḍaṇu ‘to separate
dirt and tares from grain by sifting, sprinkle, dust’,
chaṇḍo m. ‘sprinkle’, chaṇḍko m. ‘dusting’; L. chaṇḍkaṇ
‘to shake (e.g. a carpet)’; P. chaṇḍṇā ‘to sift’; Bi. chā̃ṭab
‘to beat (clothes in washing), tread out grain’; Aw. lakh.
chā̃ṭab ‘to wash’; H. chā̃ṭnā ‘to knock off, sift, select’
(→Ku. chā̃ṭṇo ‘to scatter, choose’, N. chā̃ṭnu ‘to select’);
G. chā̃ṭvũ ‘to sprinkle’, chā̃ṭɔ m. ‘drop’.
*pracchaṇṭ—.
Addenda: *chaṇṭ—: S.kcch. chaṇḍhṇū ‘to sprinkle’.
4973 *chattra—
2 ‘young animal’.
S. chaṭru m. ‘six year old camel’; L. chatar, (Ju.) chatr
m.f. ‘camel up to four years old’, chattrā m. ‘ram’, °rī f.
‘ewe’; P. chattrā m. ‘ram’; — L. chatrarā m. ‘ram over
one year old’; N. chatauro ‘large male lamb’, °rī ‘ewe
lamb not yet parturient’.
4984 *chandati ‘binds’. 2. *chanda—
3 ‘bond’. 3. *chan-
dana— ‘binding’.
1. N. chā̃dnu ‘to bind, hobble’; A. sāndiba ‘to tie’,
B. chā̃dā; Or. chandibā ‘to join together’; H. chā̃dnā
‘to tie’.
2. N. B. chā̃d ‘tether’; Or. chandā ‘tie, bond’; Bi.
chā̃d, chān ‘hobble for cattle’; Mth. chān ‘fetter, hobble’;
H. chā̃d f. ‘tether’.
3. A. sāndni ‘loop for feet in climbing trees’; Or.
chandaṇi ‘tether for cows’.
*chandana— ‘binding’ see prec.
4990 *channa—
2 ‘jingle’. [Cf. chanacchaniti ‘sizzlingly’ Amar.]
P. chanchan f. ‘jingling’, N. chanchan, °ni, chan-
chanāunu ‘to jingle’; B. chanchan ‘sound of urinating’;
Or. chanchan ‘unsteady’; H. chanchan m., chanchanānā
‘to jingle’.
4994 *
chapp— ‘press, cover, hide’. 2. *
chipp—. [Cf. *
capp-
and *
cipp— and *
chupp—; further
chimpikā— f. ‘dyer’,
Pk.
chiṁpaya— m. ‘cloth—printer’]
1. K.
ċhapun ‘to be hidden’; S.
chapaṇu ‘to lie hid’;
L. (Ju.)
chapaṇ ‘to be hidden’, awāṇ.
chappuṇ, P.
chapṇā; Ku.
chāp ‘seal, stamp’; N.
chāpnu ‘to cover,
impress, print’; A.
sāpiba ‘to squeeze, impress, print’;
B.
chāpā ‘to be concealed, print’; Or.
chāpibā ‘to imprint’;
Mth.
chapab ‘to hide oneself’,
chapāeb ‘to cover’,
chapā
‘impression, seal’; OAw.
chapaï ‘is hidden’,
chāpaï
‘impresses’; H.
chāpnā ‘to print’ (→ P.
chāpṇā, S.
chāpaṇu), G.
chāpvũ.
2. K.
ċhiph, dat.
°pi f. ‘hiding’; P.
chipṇā ‘to be hid-
den’; Ku.
chipṇo ‘to vanish’, tr. ‘to hide’; N.
chipnu ‘to
print cloth’,
chipāunu ‘to hide’; A.
sipāiba ‘to pre-
varicate’; OAw.
chīpaï ‘is hidden’; H.
chīpnā ‘to print
cloth’,
chipnā ‘to be hidden’,
chipānā ‘to hide’; OMarw.
chipāvaï ‘hides’; G.
chīpvũ ‘to be quenched’,
chīpɔ m.
‘calico printer’.
Addenda: *
chapp—. 1. WPah.poet.
ċhapo m. ‘stamp, hallmark’;
kṭg.
ċhƏpauṇõ;, °
p
e
uṇõ; ‘to conceal’, J.
chapṇu intr. ‘to
hide’.
4995 *CHAMBH ‘be firm’. [< IE. *sqembh— ~ skabhnā́ti
‘makes firm’ as in Av. fra—scimbana— ~ fra—skƏmba—]
*chambhayati; *ācchabhita—, *ācchambha—,
*ācchambhati.
4997 *chamma— ‘jingle, sizzle, sparkle’. [Cf. chamaccha-
mita— n. ‘crackling’ MārkP.]
P. chamakṇā ‘to fry’; N. chamchamnu ‘to tinkle’,
chamkanu ‘to sprinkle, flash, be insolent’; B. chamcham
‘startling’; H. chamchamānā ‘to tinkle’; G. chamcham
‘jingling, simmering’, chamakvũ ‘to jingle, walk with
airs’; M. samsam f. ‘harassing care’.
5002 *chala—
2 ‘splash’. 2. *chalakka—. 3. *challa—.
4. *challakka—.
1. S. chara f. ‘flood’ (or < *kṣarā—); WPah. ċhalnu ‘to
churn (e.g. whey)’; N. chalchali mutnu ‘to micturate
through fear’; M. saḷṇẽ ‘to boil up’.
2. P. chalaknā ‘to be spilt’; N. chalakka ‘splashingly’,
chalkanu ‘to plash, fluctuate’, chachalkinu ‘to be shaken
up in a bottle’; H. chalaknā ‘to be spilt’; G. chaḷkɔ m.
‘splash’.
3. K. ċhāl f. ‘jump’; L. P. chall f. ‘overflowing of
water, very heavy rain’; Ku. chalār ‘wave’, N. chāl; H.
chāl f. ‘spray, wave’; — Si. älla ‘waterfall, rapids’?
4. S. chalko m. ‘shower of rain’; G. chālak f. ‘wave’,
chalkāvũ ‘to be spilt’.
*chalakka— ‘splash’ see prec.
Addenda: *chala—
2. 2. *chalakka—: WPah.kṭg. chɔ́lkƏṇõ;, chɔ́lƏkṇõ;
intr. ‘to splash’ (with ch and —l— ← H. or P.).
5. †;*chāla—: WPah.kṭg. ċhā́ḷ f. (obl. —
i
) ‘jump, leap’
Him.I 65 — or < *ut—śāla—, but if so, why not
*śwāḷ?
*chalakka— see *chala—2 Add2.
5007 *chākana— ‘made of dung’, chāgaṇa— m. ‘fire of dried
cowdung’ lex. [*chakana—]
Pk. chāṇa— n., °ṇī— f. ‘cowdung’; L. chāṇā, (Ju.) chānā
m. ‘fine pulverized manure’; P. chāṇā m. ‘cowdung’; -
G. chāṇ n. ‘cow or buffalo dung’, chāṇũ n. ‘cowdung
cake’ or < *chakana—.
5008 *chākara— ‘made of dung’. [*chakara—]
M. sāraviṇẽ ‘to smear with cowdung’ or < *śākara—.
chā́ga— m. ‘he—goat’ RV. [See chaga—]
*chāgya—.
chāgaṇa— see *chākana—.
*chāgana— ‘goat’ see *chagana—.
5012 *chācchī ‘buttermilk’. 2. *chāśī—. [chacchikā— f.
Bhpr.]
1. S. chāchī f.; Ku. chā̃c(h) ‘whey’, chā̃cṛo ‘rice and
whey boiled together’; Mth. chā̃chī ‘earthen pot in
which milk is curdled’; OAw. chāchī ‘whey’; H.
chāc(h) f. ‘buttermilk’, Marw. chāchī f.
2. Pk. chāsī— f. ‘buttermilk’, S. chāhī f., L. chā f., P.
chāh f., WPah. bhad. bhal. pāḍ. ċhāh, pan̓. cur. cam.
chāh, jaun. chāś; Ku. chā̃s, chā̃ ‘whey’; H. chāh f.
‘buttermilk’.
*chāṭ— ‘scatter’ see *chaṭ—.
Addenda: *chācchī—: S.kcch. chāy f. ‘whey, buttermilk’;
WPah.kṭg. ċhā́ f. ‘whey, curd mixed with whey’; J.
chā f. ‘watery curd’; Garh. chāc ‘buttermilk’.
5013 *chāṇṭ— ‘cut’.
L. chāṇḍaṇ ‘to lop’, B. chā̃ṭā, Or. chāṇṭibā, H. chā̃ṭnā
(→ P. chā̃ṭṇā, N. chā̃ṭnu), OMarw. chāṭaï (= chāṁṭaï?),
G. chā̃ṭvũ; — Bshk. čäṇḍ— ‘to beat’ AO xviii 230 doubts
connexion.
5014 *chātti— ‘chest, breast’.
S. P. chātī f., Ku. N. B. Or. Mth. chāti; H. chātī,
°tiyā f. ‘chest’, °tā m. ‘broad prominent chest’; Marw.
chātī, chā̃tī f. ‘chest’, G. chātī f.
Addenda: *chātti—: WPah.kṭg. ċhátti
f., kc. °te f. ‘chest, mind’.
5026 *
chāpa— ‘young one’. [
chā— m. ‘young animal’ lex. -
Relationship with
śāva— not clear though PMWS 67
makes both ← Mu.: very doubtful]
Pa.
chāpa—,
°aka— m.,
°pī— f. ‘young of an animal’, Pk.
chāva— m.; Gy. SEeur.
čhavó m. ‘boy’,
čhai f. ‘girl’, wel.
čavō m.,
čai f.; K.
ċhav m. ‘young of animal, young
shoot of plant’; N.
chāwā ‘young elephant or camel’;
A.
sāw,
sāwā ‘young of animal or bird’; MB.
chāo, B.
chā,
chā̃ ‘young of animal, infant child’; Or.
chā,
chuā
‘young of animal’; Bi.
chāwā ‘young pig’,
chāī ‘young
sow’; H.
chāwā m. ‘young of any animal, young ele-
phant of 10 to 20 years’; OG.
chāvaü m. ‘young man’; Si.
suva ‘young of animal’. — Various ext.: — —
ḍa—: Gy.
SEeur.
čhavri ‘young chicken’, wel.
čavarī f. (pal.
čmắri?); Ku.
chyauṛo ‘boy’; N.
chāuro ‘young of dog,
cat, bear, &c.’; A.
seurī ‘young female animal’; H.
chāwṛā m. ‘young of animal, tiger cub’; — —
nn—: Gy.
pal.
čṓnă m. ‘boy’,
čṓni f. ‘girl’; P.
chaunā m. ‘young of
animal, boy, dwarf’; Ku.
chauno ‘lamb, child’; A.
sānā
‘young of bird or animal’; B.
chānā ‘young of animal’;
Bi.
chaunā ‘young pig’; H.
chāwnā,
chaunā m. ‘young
of animal, boy, son’; — —
la—: A.
sawāl ‘boy, son’; B.
chāyāl ‘lad, brat’; — —
kka—: Gy. arm.
čhoki ‘daughter’
or < *
chōkka—; — —
ṇḍa— (cf. *
lavaṇḍa—): Mth.
chaũṛ
‘strong robust boy’,
chaũṛā ‘boy’; — —
ṭṭa—: WPah.
jaun.
chauṭā m.,
°ṭī f. ‘baby’.
*
chāśī— ‘buttermilk’ see *
chācchī—.
Addenda: *
chāpa—: WPah.kṭg. (Khaś tribe)
ċh
e/
i
f. ‘small girl,
younger sister’.
5034 *chicchara— ‘quarrelsome’. [Cf. chittvará— ‘hostile’
lex.?]
Ku. chicro ‘quarrelsome’; N. chicaro, chicro ‘quick-
tempered’; G. chichallũ ‘troublesome’ < °charlũ.
5035 *chiṭ— ‘sudden movement, flash, splash, scatter’.
2. *chiṭṭ—. 3. *chiṇṭ—. [Cf. *chitr— and list of similar
words under *chaṭ—]
1. K. chirkāwun ‘to sprinkle’, P. chiṛkaṇā; Mth.
chirab ‘to be scattered’; OAw. chirakaï ‘sprinkles’; H.
chiṛaknā, M. śiḍakṇẽ.
2. S. chiṭaṇu ‘to sprinkle’; P. chiṭṭ f. ‘sprinkling’;
Ku. chiṭo ‘drop of water, lightning’; N. chiṭo ‘drop’,
adj. ‘quick’, chiṭnu ‘to sprinkle’, chiṛko ‘spot’; A. siṭ
‘a splash’, siṭā ‘shot’, siṭikiba ‘to be scattered or
sprinkled’; B. chiṭā, chiṭkā ‘to scatter, sprinkle’; Or.
ch ṭā ‘drop’, chiṭāibā ‘to cause to scatter’, chiṭkibā ‘to
scatter with a jerk’; Bi. chiṭab ‘to scatter seed’; Mth.
chiṭi ‘whiplash’; OAw. chiṭakaï ‘is sprinkled’; H. chīṭā
m. ‘splash’, chiṭaknā ‘to fly back with a spring’; M.
śiṭā ‘drop of spray’, śīṭ f. ‘excrement of birds’.
3. Bi. chı̄̃ṭab ‘to scatter seed’; H. chı̄̃ṭnā ‘to scatter,
sow’; M. śı̃ṭ f. ‘drop of rain’.
*ucchiṭṭ—.
*chiṭṭ— ‘scatter’: see prec.
*chiṭṭa— ‘thin stick’ see *chaṭa—.
Addenda: *chiṭ—. 2. *chiṭṭ—: A. chiṭā (phonet. s—) ‘stain, splash’.
4. †;*chēṭ—: WPah.poet. ċheṛu m.pl. used banter-
ingly about small children, J. cheṛu ‘one who stirs’
rather than with Him.I 66 < *chēḍ—1, *chēḍ—2.
*chiṭṭ— ‘scatter’ see *chiṭ— Add2.
CHID: †;*chēdu—.
5036 *chiṭṭā— ‘spotted cloth’. [Cf. *chiṭṭ—, *chaṭ—]
Ku. chı̄̃ṭ ‘calico’, N. chiṭ, A. siṭ, B. chiṭ, Or. chiṭa, H.
chīṭ, chı̄̃ṭ f. (→ K. chiṭh, dat. °ṭi f., S. chīṭa f., P. chīṭ,
chı̄̃ṭ f.); G. chīṭ f. ‘chintz’, M. śīṭ n.
*chiṇṭ— ‘scatter’ see *chiṭ—.
5040 *
chitr— ‘scatter, sprinkle’. [Cf. *
chiṭ— and list of words
under *
chaṭ—]
Kho. (O'Brien)
čitro
g (=
čhi°?) ‘leaking’; S.
chiṭraṇu
‘to scatter, sprinkle’,
chiṭriṛo ‘thin’; P.
chitarnā ‘to be
scattered, be spread’; — ext. —
ḍ— (or —
r— in H.): N.
chitrinu ‘to be scattered’; H.
chitrānā ‘to scatter’; M.
śitaḍṇẽ ‘to fall in drops, sprinkle’.
CHID ‘cut’:
chitti—, chittvará—, chittvā́, *chidati,
chidyátē, chidrá—, chinátti, *chindati, chinná—,
*chilla—1, chḗttum, chēda—, chēdana—, chēdayati,
chēdyatē; avachinna—, *ācchindati, ācchēda—,
úcchitti—, úcchinatti, ucchinna—, ucchēdayati,
*paricchindati, paricchinna—, paricchēda—, *pra-
cchindati, pracchinna—, sáṁchinatti, samucchē da—.
5044 *chin— ‘sift, sprinkle (< sudden movement?)’. [Mean-
ing influenced by forms s.v. √*kṣan
2?]
G. chiṇvũ ‘to be sifted’; — S. chiṇkaṇu ‘to sprinkle’,
P. chiṇkaṇā; N. chinkanu ‘to sift’; H. chinaknā ‘to
winnow’; M. śiṇak f. ‘shooting pain’.
5049 *chir— ‘pierce’.
N. chirnu ‘to pierce, bore a hole’; A. siriba ‘to tear’ or
< chidrá—; M. śirṇẽ ‘to enter forcibly or suddenly’,
śirakṇẽ ‘to pierce’.
Addenda: *chir— ‘pierce’. 1. A. chiriba (phonet. s—) also ‘to be
torn’ AFD 331.
2. *chēr—: WPah.kṭg. (kc.) ċhérnõ; ‘to obsess (of a
god), to be obsessed (by a god)’ Him.I 66.
5052 *chilla—
2 ‘skin, rind’. [Perh. of similar non—Aryan
origin as challi— and *chōll— and to be separated from
verbs ‘to cut, peel’ s.v. *chilla—1]
S. chila, °lu f. ‘peel, bark, skin, shell’, chiluru m. ‘fish
scale, crust of bread’; L. chill f. ‘skin, bark, rind’,
awāṇ. chilluṛ ‘skin, peel’, P. chill, chillak f., chilkā m.;
WPah. bhal. ċhil f. ‘bark’; N. chilko ‘crust, rind,s kin of
milk’, B. Or. H. chilkā m.; H. chillaṛ m. ‘husk of
gram &c.’; Marw. chīlo m. ‘bark’; G. chileṭũ n. ‘bark,
peel’.
Addenda: *chilla—
2 [Same as *chilla—1?]
WPah.kṭg. ċhílkɔ m. ‘bark (of trees)’; J. chilṇu ‘to
bark, peel’.
5058 *chupp— ‘cover, hide’. 2. *chōpp—. [For list of poss.
enlargements of IE. *sqeu— see √sku; but cf. *chapp-
and *chipp—]
1. P. chupṇā ‘to be hidden’, H. chupnā, G. chupāvũ.
2. Ku. chopṇo ‘to conceal’; N. chopnu ‘to pounce on,
cover, hide’; H. chopnā ‘to shut, fill up’; — K. ċhŏpa f.
‘silence’ prob. onom. with *cuppa—1.
5062 *chēḍ—
1 ‘make wander’. 2. *chēl—.
1. S. cheṛaṇu ‘to put cattle out to graze’.
2. S. cheraṇu ‘to cause to wander’; N. chelnu ‘to
dispel, hide’.
*chēḍ—
2 ‘make angry’ see *ciḍ—.
5065 *ḍēhmu— ‘hornet’.
S. ḍ̱ẽbhū m. ‘a kind of wasp, hornet’; L. ḍihmū̃ m.
‘wasp’, mult. ḍēmbhū m.; P. ḍehmū, °mū̃ f. ‘yellow
hornet’; — Si. ḍebarā, de° ‘large hornet’.
5069 *chōka— ‘boy’. 2. *chōkka—. [Cf. *chōkara—]
1. Pk. chōia— m. ‘slave’; G. choṛī f. ‘girl’ (but cf. Pk.
chōḍi— f. ‘small’).
2. Gy. arm. čoki ‘girl, daughter’ or ext. of *chāpa—.
5070 *chōkara— ‘boy’. 2. *chōkhara—. 3. *chōkkara—.
[Cf. *chōka—]
1. Pk. chōyara— m. ‘boy’; N. choro ‘boy’, °ri ‘girl’, A.
sorā, H. chorā m., °rī f., G. chorɔ m., °rī f., °rũ n. ‘brat’.
2. Pk. chōhara— m. ‘boy’, S. chuharu m., °hari, °hiri f.,
L. chohur m., °hir f., awāṇ. chòr, P. chohar, °hrā m.,
°hrī f., chuhur, °rā m., H. chohrā m.
3. K. chūkur m. ‘lad’, chūkürü
f. ‘goodlooking girl’
(← Ind.); S. chokaru m. ‘boy’, °ri f. ‘girl’; P. chokrā m.
‘boy’, WPah. bhal. chokru, pl. °rā̃ n., B. chokrā m.,
chukri f., Or. chokarā m., H. chokrā (→ Mth. chokaṛā, N.
chokaṛā), °rī f., G. chokrɔ m., M. sokrā m.
*chōkka— ‘boy’ see *chōka—.
*chōkkara—, *chōkhara— ‘boy’ see *chōkara—.
Addenda: *chōkara—: WPah.kc. ċhoru m. ‘child, boy’.
5071 *chōṭṭa— ‘small’. [→ Ir. Zebaki čuṭ ‘small’ Rep1 79.
Cf. Pk. chōḍi— f. ‘small’ (< *chōṭa—?): for other poss.
connections in IA. see *culla—2]
Sh. gil. ċhŭṭŭ́ m. ‘dwarf’ (← K.?), koh. čōṭ m. ‘lie’
Morgenstierne Göteborgs Högskolas Årsskrift xli 35,
3, 37 (semant. cf. alīka— ~ N. ali ‘a little’, and similar
range of meaning in ‘defective’ word—groups, e.g.
*laṭṭa—1); K. ċhọ̆ṭu
‘short, small’, L. choṭā, P. choṭṭā,
Ku. choṭo, gng. ċhwaṭ; N. choṭo ‘small, mean’; A. soṭ
‘low—grade’, suṭā ‘deficient’; B. Or. choṭa ‘small’, Mth.
choṭ, °ṭā, Aw. lakh. choṭ, H. choṭā, G. choṭũ; Si. hoṭē
‘very small (of cocoanuts &c.)’. — Kho. (Lor.) čurtu
‘tailless’, Or. choṭā ‘lame, crippled’ < *chōrta—?
*ucchōṭṭa—.
*chōpp— ‘cover, hide’ see *chupp—.
Addenda: †;*chōṭa— ‘small’. 1. Pk. chōḍī— f. ‘small’, WPah.kc.
ċhoṛe f. ‘girl’.
2. *chōṭṭa— ‘small’: WPah.kṭg. (kc.) ċhóṭṭɔ ‘small’;
kṭg. ċhṓṭu ‘boy, son’, ċhṓṭi
‘girl, daughter’, J. chō'ṭī,
kc. ċhoṭe f. (but these are, according to Him.I 68 of
different origin from *chōṭṭa— ‘small’ as also kc.
ċhoru ‘boy, son’ poss. < *chōkhara— or
*chōkara—).
3. †;*cōṭa—
2 ‘small’: Pk. cōḍī— f. ‘small’; G. coṛī f.
‘girl’.
4. †;*cuṭṭa— ‘small’: A. cuṭi (phonet. suti) ‘dwarfish’.
— Cf. cúṇḍati, culla—2, †;cūḍa—3.
5072 *chōra— ‘orphan’. [Cf. *śō—2]
Gy. gr. čoró ‘poor, orphaned’, rum. čor— ‘to orphan’,
wel. čō̆rō ‘poor, unfortunate’; S. choro m. ‘orphan’;
L. chorā ‘orphaned’; Ku. choro ‘orphan boy’.
chōrayati see churayati.
Addenda: *chōra— [< *chōkhara— or *chōkara—?]
5073 *chōll— ‘to peel, skin’. [← Drav. T. Burrow BSOAS
xii 141, but cf. also challi— and *chilla—2]
Pk. chollaï ‘skins’; Gy. SEeur. čhol—, gr. čol— ‘to peel,
cut out’, arm. čhol— ‘to destroy’; Ku. cholṇo ‘to peel
a fruit’, gng. ċholaṇ ‘to cut’; N. lā̃ṛo cholnu ‘to mastur-
bate’; B. cholā ‘to skin’, chuli ‘skin—disease’; Or. cholā
adj. ‘having rind removed’, sb. ‘gram (husked?)’; H.
cholnā ‘to cut, peel, scrape’; G. cholvũ ‘to peel, skin’,
chol f. ‘peel, bark’; M. solṇẽ ‘to skin’, solā m. ‘shelled
pea’; — Sh. čol m. ‘skin’?
Addenda: *chōll— [MIA. ext. with —ulla— of chyáti to *chaülla-
> Pk. chollaï Burrow Tau vii]
S.kcch. cholṇū ‘to scrape’; WPah.kṭg. ċhólṇõ; ‘to
scratch, cut’.
5074 *chōhāra— ‘date palm and its fruit’.
S. chuhāro m. ‘a kind of date’; P. chuhārā m. ‘date
palm’; N. choharā, °horo ‘dried date’, A. sohārā, °horā,
B. chohārā, Or. H. chuhārā, chuā° m.
chyáti see *chidati. [√chō]
5076 *jag— ‘glitter’. [Cf. *jhakk—3]
P. jagjagāṭ, jagmag f. ‘glitter’, jagmagāuṇā ‘to glitter’,
N. jagmag, jagmagāunu; B. jagjagā ‘dazzle’; Or. jaka
‘brilliance’, jakajaka ‘dazzle’, H. jagmag f., jagjagānā.
*jagga— ‘hair’ see *jakka—.
5085 *
jañjāla— ‘worry, affairs’.
Kho. (Lor.)
ǰ
*l
nǰal ‘quarrel’; P.
jãjāl m. ‘disorder’
(→ S.
jañjā̆lu m.); Ku.
jãjāl ‘business’; N.
jañjāl
‘affairs, family, children’; B.
jañjāl ‘disorder, rubbish’,
Or.
jañjāḷa; Mth.
jãjāl ‘trouble’; H.
jañjāl m. ‘worries’;
G.
jãjāḷ m. ‘disorder’, M.
j̈ãj̈āḷ m.
5089 *jaṭṭa—
2 ‘name of a tribe or people’. [Cf. jartika— m.
‘name of a people’ MBh.]
Gy. as. zatt, (Firdausi) zott ‘gypsies of Arabia and
Syria’; S. jaṭu m. ‘Sindhi peasant, Musulman’; L. P.
jaṭṭ m., jaṭṭī f. ‘a Jāṭ’, H. jāṭ m.
5091 *jaḍati ‘joins, sets’. 2. *jāḍa— ‘joining, pair’. [← Drav.
LM 333]
1. Pk. jaḍia— ‘set (of jewels), joined’; K. jarun ‘to set
jewels’ (← Ind.); S. jaṛaṇu ‘to join, rivet, set’, jaṛa f.
‘rivet, boundary between two fields’; P. jaṛāuṇā ‘to have
fastened or set’; A. zarāiba ‘to collect’; B. jaṛāna ‘to
set jewels, wrap round, entangle’, jaṛ ‘heaped together’;
Or. jaṛibā ‘to unite’; OAw. jaraï ‘sets jewels, bedecks’;
H. jaṛnā ‘to join, stick in, set’ (→ N. jaṛnu ‘to set, be
set’); OMarw. jaṛāū ‘inlaid’; G. jaṛvũ ‘to join, meet
with, set jewels’; M. j̈aḍṇẽ ‘to join, connect, inlay, be
firmly established’, j̈aṭṇẽ ‘to combine, confederate’.
2. S. jāṛo m. ‘twin’, L. P. jāṛā m.; M. j̈āḍī f. ‘a double
yoke’.
*jaḍḍa—, jáḍhu— ‘dull, cold’ see jaḍa—.
Addenda: *jaḍati [Burrow Shwa 63 yátatē ‘places himself in
the right position’ RV. with spontaneous cerebraliza-
tion > *yaṭati > Pk. jaḍaï whence Sk. jaḍita-
‘studded with jewels’. According to Burrow < IE.
*yéteti ‘fixes’, Toch. yā̆t— ‘to decorate’, yatwe ‘decora-
tion’; see also yātyatē Add2]
5092 *jaṇṭa— ‘a kind of tree’.
L. P. jaṇḍ m. ‘Prosopis spicigera’, jaṇḍī f. ‘a small
variety’; H. jā̃ṭ m. ‘P. spicigera’.
5095 *jatta— ‘hair’. 2. *jatra—. 3. *jacca—. [For list of
poss. connected words see jáṭā—]
1. Ḍ. ǰāt ‘hair of head’; Sh. gil. (Lor.) ǰat ‘hair of
animals’; S. j̄ati f. ‘soft downy hair’; L. jatt, (Ju.) j̄at f.
‘goat's or camel's hair, sheep's wool, short hair on
body’, awāṇ. jat ‘goat's hair’; WPah. bhal. j̈at f. ‘hair’.
2. Tor. ǰaṣ ‘goat's hair’ < *ǰac̣?
3. Kal. ǰäč ‘goat's hair’, Kho. zoč; Woṭ. zas ‘hair’
< *zaċ?
*jatra— ‘hair’ see prec.
Addenda: *jatta—, cf. jarta— ‘hairy’ Candra Uṇ.
5097 *jadas— ‘vulva’. [Cf. Av. zadah— ‘podex’]
Pr. zúlu ‘vulva’.
JAN ‘be born’: ja—, jána—, janana—, jananī—, janáyati,
jáni—, janita—, janítra—, janitrī—, jániman—, janús—,
*janti—, jantú—, *jantra—, jánman—, jánya—, janyatē,
jā́—, jātá—, jāti—, *jātiya—, jā́tya—, *jānayati, jāni—,
jānya—, jā́yatē, jāyā́—, jñātí—1, jñātitva—, *jñātra—;
ā́jāyatē, újjāyatē, nijá—, prajana—, prájanayati,
prájāta—, prájāyatē, *vijanā—, *vijanati, vijanman—,
vijāta—, *vijātra—, víjāyatē.
Addenda: *jadas—: delete entry (see Add. 14514).
JAN: †;*jn̄a—2.
5122 *japp— ‘to squeeze, press’. [Cf. *capp—]
Pa. jappā— f. ‘attachment, lust’, jappati ‘longs for’
(= pajappā—, pajappati); B. jāpṭā ‘to hold tight, em-
brace’; Or. jāpibā ‘to press, squeeze’, jāpaṭibā ‘to hold
tight’; Si. dapa ‘sexual union’.
5124 *
jabbu— ‘network muzzle’.
WPah. bhiḍ.
j̈
e
bõ;, pl. —
u n. ‘muzzle for cattle’; N.
jābi ‘network muzzle’, Bi.
jāb,
jābā ‘id.’,
jabrā ‘small
grain store’ (semant. cf.
vakṣaskāra— in Bi.), Mth.
jābī,
H.
jāb m.,
jābī f.; — P.
jhābū m. ‘muzzle for horse or
ox’,
chābbū m. ‘id., small basket’.
JABH ‘bite’:
jábhatē, jámbha—, jámbhatē.
Addenda: *
jabbu— see
chádman— Add
2.
5140 *jamm— ‘be bright’. [Cf. *jhamm—3]
N. jamkanu ‘to look bright’; B. H. jamak f. ‘brilliance’;
B. jamakā ‘to be bright, flourish’, H. jamaknā ‘to be
bright’.
Addenda: *jamm—: WPah.kṭg. jamṇõ; ‘to be hot, get enraged, (of
ear) experience a burning sensation’ (lw. with j—? -
but cf. jhamm—4), j̈Əmauṇõ; ‘to kindle’.
5232 *jījja— ‘nursery word for breast, mother, sister, relative’.
[Cf. *diddā—]
Paš. lauṛ. ǰīǰı̄́ ‘elder sister’, ar. ǰíǰi ‘husband's brother's
wife’; S. jījā, jījī ‘affectionate term for mother, aunt, &c.’,
jījali ‘do. for mother’; P. jījjā, jījā m. ‘sister's husband,
child, bridegroom’, jījī f. ‘woman's breast for suckling,
girl, bride’, ḍog. j̈īj̈ā m. ‘sister's husband’; N. jiju
‘great—grandfather’; Or. jeji ‘grandfather, grandmother’;
H. jījī, jijjī, jijī, jijiyā f. ‘breast, elder sister, wet—nurse’,
jījā m. ‘sister's husband’; G. jijī f. ‘mother’, jījī—mā f.
‘grandmother’, jījɔ m. ‘grandfather’, jījī—bā f. ‘husband's
sister’; M. jijī f. ‘elder sister’.
5254 *juṅgha— ‘beard, moustache’. 2. *cuṅgha—. [Cf.
*phuṅgha—. — ← Drav. cf. Kan. juṅgu ‘pubic hair’?]
1. Ku. jūṅā ‘moustache’, N. jũghā, juṅā.
2. Kal. rumb. čuṅ ‘beard’.
*juṇṭa— ‘hair’ see jūṭa—.
*juvāla— ‘flame’ see jvālá—.
JUṢ ‘enjoy’: juṣṭá—1, júṣṭi—, jṓṣati, jṓṣṭr̥—; *ājuṣṭa—.
5269 *jēmanakāri— ‘making a meal’. [jēmana—, kāri—]
Ku. jyūṇār ‘feast’, N. jiunār, OAw. jevanāra f., H.
jewnār, jionār, jaunār f., jẽwnārā m.
5270 *jēmanapattra— ‘leaf used for eating off’. [jēmana—,
páttra—]
M. jevaṇvat n.
*jōkkā—, *jōṅkā— ‘leech’ see jalūkā—.
5316 *jhakk—
1 ‘sudden movement or blast’. 2. *jhakkōl—.
[Cf. Sk. jhag—iti ‘suddenly’ S. M. Katre Calcutta
Oriental Journal i 100]
1. S. jhaka f. ‘storm of wind’; P. jhakk m. ‘dust-
storm’, jhakk(h)aṛ m. ‘squall’, jhakṇā ‘to be passionate’;
Ku. jhā̃ko ‘fit of anger, epilepsy’; N. jhāk—jhuk ‘acci-
dent’; A. zãk ‘sudden fit of anger’; B. jhā̃kan ‘jerking,
passionate reproof’; Or. jhā̃ka ‘fit of rage’; H. jhakkaṛ
‘sudden blast’ (→ N. jhakkaṛ ‘storm’); — L. jhakkaṇ ‘to
shrink back, be afraid’; N. jhakjhakāunu ‘to jog’.
2. S. jhakora f. ‘downpour of rain’; P. jhakolṇā ‘to
shake’, H. jhakolnā, jhakornā; G. jhakoḷ f. ‘rainstorm’.
Addenda: *jhakk—1: Ko. j̈hāṅki ‘ribald speech’.
5317 *jhakk—
2 ‘cover’. [Cf. *jhakk—1 and similar range of
meaning between *jhapp—1, *jhamp—1 and *jhapp—2,
*jhamp—2]
Bi. jhaknā ‘cover of a grain pot’; M. j̈hākṇẽ ‘to cover’.
5318 *jhakk—
3 ‘flash, shine’. 2. *jhaṅk—
2. 3. *jhagg—.
[Same as *jhakk—1? — Cf. jhagajhagāyatē ‘flashes’
DevīP.]
1. N. jhak—jhak ‘splendour’, jhakkalo ‘showy’,
jhaka—makka ‘shining’; A. zak—mak ‘brightness’, B.
jhak—jhak, —mak; Or. jhaka ‘glitter’, jhak—jhak ‘bright-
ness’, jhakamaki ‘flint stone’; H. jhak ‘bright’, jhak—jhak
‘splendour’; M. j̈hakṇẽ ‘to be dazzled’, j̈hak—mag f.
‘brilliance’.
2. Pk. jhaṁkaï ‘is burnt’; K. zongu
m. ‘fire, esp. a
great blaze’; A. zãk—zãk ‘glittering’.
3. S. jhaǥi—maǥi f. ‘brightness’; G. jhag—jhag, —mag
‘brightly’; M. j̈hag—j̈hag f. ‘brilliance’; — cf. Pk. jaga-
jagaṁta— ‘shining’.
Addenda: *jhakk—
3. 3. *jhagg—: Ko. j̈hagj̈hagi ‘shining, polished’.
*jhakk—
5 ‘clump’ see *jhaṅk—1. Add2.
5319 *jhakk—
4 ‘obstinacy’.
P. jhakk m. ‘doubt’; N. jhakki ‘intolerant of in-
justice’, jhakkaṛ ‘obstinate person’; H. jhakkī, °kaṛ
‘stubborn’, M. j̈hakkaḍ.
*jhakk—
5 ‘clump’ see *jhaṅk—1.
*jhakkā— ‘froth’ see *jhaggā—.
5320 *jhakkh— ‘babble’. [Onom.?]
Pk. jhakkhia— n. ‘reproach’, jhaṁkhaï ‘babbles, re-
proaches’; S. jhakaṇu ‘to chatter, gabble’.
jhagajhagāyatē see *jhakk—3.
5321 *jhagaḍ— ‘quarrel’. 2. *jhaggaḍ—. 3. *jhaggaṭṭ—.
1. Pk. jhagaḍa— m. ‘quarrel’ (cf. jagaḍaṁta— ‘quarrel-
ling’); S. jheṛo m. ‘quarrel’, L. P. jheṛā m.; L. jheṛaṇ ‘to
quarrel’.
2. S. jhaǥiṛo m. ‘quarrel’, jhaǥiṛaṇu ‘to quarrel’, L.
jhagṛaṇ, P. jhagṛā m., jhagaṛṇā, WPah. pan̓. jhagaṛṇā,
Ku. jhagṛo, N. jhagrā—sagrā, jhagranu, B. jhagṛā, Or.
jhagaṛā, H. jhagṛā m., jhagaṛnā, Marw. jhagṛo, G.
jhagṛɔ, jhaghṛɔ m., jhaghaṛvũ, M. j̈hagḍā m., j̈hagaḍṇẽ.
3. M. j̈hagaṭṇẽ ‘to collide with, seize violently’.
*jhaggaṭṭ—, *jhaggaḍ— ‘quarrel’ see prec.
Addenda: *jhagaḍ—. 2. *jhaggaḍ—: S.kcch. jaghaṛṇū ‘to quarrel’;
WPah.kc. j̈hɔgṛo m. ‘quarrel’ prob. ← H. (Him.I 77).
*jhagg— ‘shine’ see *jhakk—3.
*jhaggaḍ— ‘quarrel’ see *jhagaḍ— Add2.
5322 *jhaggā— ‘froth, scum’. 2. *jhakkā—.
1. S. jhaǥa f. ‘froth, scum, suds’; L. jhagg, f. ‘foam’,
(Ju.) jhaǥ f. ‘foam, saliva’, jhaǥaṇ ‘to churn’, jhaǥǥā m.
‘small churning stick’; P. jhagg f. ‘foam, froth, scum’;
H. jhāg f. ‘froth, scum’.
2. A. zāki ‘the frothing of boiling sugar—cane juice’.
5323 *jhaṅk—
1 ‘clump, cluster’. 2. *jhaṅkh—
2. 3. *jhakk—
5.
[In meaning ‘hair’ cf. *jakka—]
1. S. jhaṅgu m. ‘jungle’, L. P. jhaṅg m. ‘thicket’; N.
jāṅ ‘clump’; B. jhā̃k ‘flock’; Or. jhāṅka ‘flock’, jhāṅkaṛā
‘bushy’; H. jhā̃k m. ‘flock’; M. j̈hā̃kar n. ‘thick bush’.
2. Pk. jhaṁkhara— m. ‘dry tree’; Mth. jhā̃khī, °khaṛ
‘bush’; G. jhā̃khrũ n. ‘a prickly shrub with few leaves’.
3. Phal. ǰhakuṭo ‘woman's hair’; N. jhā̃kro ‘hair
allowed to grow long and left uncombed’; A. zāk
‘crowd’; M. j̈hāk f. ‘flock’.
*jhaṅk—
2 ‘flash’ see *jhakk—3.
Addenda: *jhaṅk—
1. 2. *jhakk—5: WPah.kṭg. j̈hàkkƏṛ, j̈hàkṛɔ m.
‘shrub, bush’, J. jhākhṛ m.
5325 *jhaṅkh—
1 ‘peep’.
Ku. jhā̃kṇo ‘to peep at’, N. jhā̃knu, Or. jhāṅkibā;
Mth. jhā̃kī ‘act of peeping’; Bhoj. jhā̃kal ‘to peep at’,
H. jhā̃khnā (→ P. jhākṇā), OMarw. jhākaï, G. jhā̃khvũ,
jā̃° (also dhā̃khvũ).
*jhaṅkh—
2 ‘clump’ see *jhaṅk—1.
5327 *jhaṭ— ‘sudden movement’. 2. *jhaṭṭ—. 3. *jhaṇṭ—.
4. *jhiṭṭ—. [Cf. jhaṭiti ‘instantly’ Bhartr̥. Further poss.
conn. *jhaṭati]
1. Pk. jhaḍitti, °ḍatti ‘suddenly’; N. jharra ‘in a flash’;
B. jhaṛājhaṛ ‘very quickly’, M. j̈haḍj̈haḍ. — Ext. —kk—:
N. jharko ‘anger’, jharkanu ‘to be irritable’; A. zarak
‘rustling noise’; H. jhaṛāk m. ‘swiftness’; G. jhaṛak f.
‘swoop, leap’, jhaṛākɔ m. ‘sudden smart blow’; M.
j̈haḍakṇẽ ‘to start’, j̈haḍākā m. ‘smart blow’; — —pp—:
S. jhaṛpa f. ‘stroke (of wind, sun or fate)’, jhaṛpaṇu ‘to
strike (of wind &c.)’; H. jhaṛap f. ‘fight’, jhaṛapnā ‘to
fight’; G. jhaṛap f. ‘scuffling’, jhaṛapvũ ‘to snatch’; M.
j̈haḍap f. ‘swoop’, j̈haḍapṇẽ ‘to swoop upon, fan’,
j̈haḍpaṇ n. ‘flap, fan, shutter, lid’.
2. Paš. ǰaṭ— ‘to strike down, crack (a nut)’; S. jhaṭu
m. ‘snatch’, jhaṭaṇu ‘to snatch at’; L. jhaṭṭ f. ‘snatch’,
(Ju.) jhaṭ m. ‘a moment’, adv. ‘suddenly’; P. jhaṭṭ m. ‘a
moment, haste, snatch’, jhaṭṭ—paṭṭ ‘in a moment’; Ku.
jhaṭ—paṭ ‘quickly’, N. jhaṭṭa, jhaṭṭa—paṭṭa, A. zaṭo-
paṭokai, B. jhaṭ, jhaṭ—phaṭ, Or. jhaṭ; Bi. jaṭāhab ‘to knock
fruit down by throwing a stick at it’; Mth. jhaṭā ‘quickly’,
Aw. lakh. H. G. jhaṭ; M. j̈haṭṇẽ ‘to collide violently’,
j̈haṭ—j̈haṭ ‘smartly’. — Ext. —kk—: S. jhaṭko m. ‘snatch,
shower of rain’; P. jhaṭkā m. ‘jerk’, jhaṭakṇā ‘to jerk’,
N. jhaṛko, jhaṛkanu; B. jhaṭkā ‘blast of wind’, jhaṭkāna
‘to flap’; Or. jhaṭikā ‘strong wind’; H. jhaṭkā m. ‘jerk’,
jhaṭaknā ‘to jerk’, G. jhāṭkɔ m., jhāṭakvũ, M. j̈haṭkā m.,
j̈haṭakṇẽ.
3. Mth. jhā̃ṭab ‘to beat (ears of corn to extract the
grain)’.
4. Bi. jhiṭṭī ‘whiplash’.
Addenda: *jhaṭ—. 2. *jhaṭṭ—: S.kcch. jaṭṇū ‘to snatch’, jaṭko m.
‘blow’; WPah.kṭg. j̈hɔṭ ‘suddenly’.
5. †;*jhiṭ—: WPah.kc. jhiṛno ‘to pull’; J. jhiṛṇu ‘to
drag, draw’; kṭg. j̈hìṛkṇõ; ‘to interrupt (sleep)
suddenly’; J. jhiṛkṇu ‘to scold’; H. jhiṛaknā ‘to shake,
scold’.
5328 *jhaṭati ‘falls’. 2. *jhāṭayati ‘shakes down’. [Conn.
*jhaṭ—? Or, since it collides in mng. with *jharati
1,
< *jhr̥ta— pp. of √*jhar?]
1. Pk. jhaḍaï ‘hastens, makes fall’; Paš. ǰaṛ— ‘to fall
off’; L. jhaṛaṇ ‘to drip, ooze’, awāṇ. jhaṛuṇ ‘to fall’; P.
jhaṛṇā ‘to fall off, be shaken off, be emitted (of semen)’;
WPah. cur. jhaṛnū ‘to fall’, khaś. j̈haṛ—; Ku. jhaṛṇo ‘to
drop down’, N. jharnu ‘to fall’ (or < *jharati
1); Or.
jhaṛibā ‘to fall’, H. jhaṛnā; M. j̈haḍṇẽ ‘to be shed or cast
(of leaves &c.)’. — Ext. —kk(h)—: H. jhaṛaknā, jhiṛ° ‘to
shake’; Mth. jharkhāeb ‘to shake (fruit from a tree)’; -
Bi. jharjharāeb.
2. Pk. jhāḍaṇa— n. ‘sweeping’; Paš. ǰāṛ— ‘to shake
down’; Kho. žāḷ ‘splashing (of water)’; S. jhāṛaṇu ‘to
exorcize’; L. jhāṛaṇ ‘to thresh, sweep’, awāṇ. jhāṛuṇ ‘to
dust’; P. jhāṛṇā ‘to shake off, thresh, sweep’; WPah.
pāḍ. jhāṛaṇ ‘to fall’; Ku. jhāṛṇo ‘to shake off, sweep’;
N. jhārnu ‘to put down’ (or < *jhārayati), jhārinu ‘to
be shaken off’; A. zāriba ‘to winnow, exorcize’; B.
jhāṛā ‘to shake off, thresh, exorcize’, Or. jhāṛibā; Bi.
jhārab ‘to beat (heads of corn to extract grain)’, Mth.
jhārab ‘to sweep’; H. jhāṛnā ‘to shake off, strain’;
Marw. jhāṛṇo ‘to sweep’; G. jhāṛvũ ‘to shake, sift’;
M. j̈hāḍṇẽ ‘to shake, flap, sweep, exorcize’.
*jhaṭṭ— ‘sudden movement’ see *jhaṭ—.
Addenda: *jhaṭati. 1. WPah.J. jhaṛnu ‘to fall’; Garh. jhaṛnu ‘to
drop down’.
2. *jhāṭayati: WPah.poet. j̈haṛno ‘to cut (e.g.
branches off a tree)’; P. jhāṛnā ‘to trim trees’.
*jhaṭṭ— ‘sudden movement’ see *jhaṭ— Add2.
5329 *jhaḍī— ‘rainstorm’. [LM 337 ← Drav. (Kan. jaḍi,
jiḍi ‘fine continuous rain’: note also meaning ‘rain-
storm’ under *jhaṭṭ—, *jhakk—1, *jhapp—1]
Pk. jhaḍī— f. ‘continuous rain’; S. jhaṛī f. ‘continued
rain or wind’; L. jhaṛ m. ‘large cloud’, jhaṛī f. ‘moderate
rain’; P. jhaṛ m. ‘clouds covering sky, heavy rain’,
jhaṛī f. ‘continued rain’; WPah. cur. cam. jhaṛī ‘rain’;
Ku. jhaṛī ‘incessant rain’; N. jhari ‘showers’; A. zari
‘continuous rain for several days’; B. jhaṛ, °ṛi ‘storm,
high wind’; Or. jhaṛa, °ṛī ‘continuous wind and rain’;
H. jhaṛī f. ‘showers’; Marw. G. jhaṛī f. ‘continuous
heavy rain’; M. j̈haḍ, °ḍī f. ‘long continued rain’. — Cf.
S. jhuṛu m. ‘heavy clouds’, °ṛī f. ‘rainy weather’.
JHAṆ ‘tinkle’: jhaṅkāra—, jhaṇajhaṇāyatē, *jha-
ṇatka—, jhaṇatkāra—, *jhaṇikā—, *jhāṇayati.
Addenda: *jhaḍī—: WPah.poet. j̈Əṛaṇe ‘in the rainy season’; J.
jhaṛ m.pl. ‘continued rain’; A. spel. jaṛi.
5333 *jhaṇikā— ‘tinkling’. [√jhaṇ]
Gy. gr. čeni, wel. šenī, šanī f. ‘bracelet, necklace’, as.
ǰeni ‘bracelet’.
*jhaṇṭ— ‘sudden movement’ see *jhaṭ—.
5334 *
jhaṇṭa— ‘hair’. 2. *
jhāṭṭha—. 3. *
jhiṇṭa—. [Cf.
*
jhuṇṭa—
2, and for list see
jáṭā—]
1. Pk.
jhaṁṭī— f. ‘small bunch of hair’; S.
jhaṇḍi f.
‘first hair on a child's head’, L. P.
jhaṇḍ f.; A.
zãṭ
‘matted hair’; B.
jhā̃ṭ ‘pubic hair’; Or.
jhaṇṭi ‘little tuft
of hair on head’; Mth.
jhā̃ṭi ‘pubic hair’, H.
jhā̃ṭ f.
(→ S.
jhā̃ṭa f., P.
jhā̃ṭ(
h) f., Ku.
jhā̃ṭ f., N.
jā̃ṭhā), G.
jhā̃ṭũ n.; M.
j̈hā̃ṭ f. ‘matted tress’, m. ‘pubic hair’; Ko.
jhāṇṭi ‘lock of combed out hair’.
2. Sv.
žāṭ ‘hair’; Phal.
ǰhāṭ ‘goat's hair’,
ǰhēeṭi ‘mane’;
Sh. pales.
žaṭh, jij.
žäṭ ‘goat's hair’; K.
zaṭh, dat.
°ṭi f.
‘clotted lump of hair on head, hair combings’; P.
jhāṭṭā m. ‘woman's long hair’.
3. S.
jhiṇḍā m. pl. ‘short hair of an infant’,
jhiṇḍūlo
‘whose hair is allowed to grow’. — See
jhiṇṭikā—.
Addenda: *
jhaṇṭa—. 1. S.kcch.
jaṇḍ m. ‘first hair on a child's
head’; WPah.kṭg.
j̈hàṇḍ
e f.pl. ‘pubic hair’, J.
jhāṇṭo
f.pl.
5335 *jhapaḍ— ‘onrush’. [Cf. *jhapp—1]
P. jhauṛ m. ‘attack’; H. jhauṛnā ‘to attack’; — M.
j̈hoḍṇẽ ‘to destroy’ with which LM 338 compares Pk.
jhōḍia— m. ‘hunter’?
5336 *jhapp—
1 ‘sudden movement’. 2. *jhamp—
1. [jhampa-
m. ‘jump’ Hit.]
1. S. jhapo m. ‘pounce’, jhapaṇu ‘to snatch at’; L.
jhappaṇ ‘to seize’; P. jhapp ‘quickly’; WPah. khaś.
j̈happ f. ‘pounce’; Ku. jhapp ‘suddenly’; N. jhappa,
jhāp—jhuppa ‘all at once’; A. zapaṅ ‘sound of suddenly
plunging into water’; B. jhap, jhapāṅ ‘splash’, jhap-
jhap ‘quickly’; Or. jhap ‘hastily’; Mth. jhap ‘at once’;
H. jhap m. ‘jerk’; G. jhap ‘suddenly’, jhapājhap f.
‘scuffle’; M. j̈hap—j̈hap ‘suddenly’. — Ext. —kk—: P.
jhapakṇā ‘to wink’; WPah. bhal. j̈hapkṇū ‘to flash’; N.
jhapakka ‘suddenly’; H. jhapaknā ‘to spring at’, jhapak
f. ‘blast’; M. j̈hapkaṇa ‘smartly’; — —ṭṭ—: P. jhapaṭṇā
‘to pounce on’, Ku. jhapṭaṇo, N. jhapṭanu; Or. jhapaṭa
‘scampering’; Mth. jhapaṭ ‘swoop’; H. jhapaṭnā ‘to
run quickly’, jhapāṭ f. ‘quickness’; G. jhāpṭũ n. ‘sharp
shower of rain’, jhapaṭ f. ‘spring’, jhapeṭvũ ‘to beat’; M.
j̈hapāṭṇẽ ‘to accomplish smartly’, j̈hapeṭ f. ‘swoop (of a
bird)’; — —s—: Mth. jhapās, jhāpas ‘violent rainstorm’,
H. jhapās f. — Cf. also L. jhabb ‘quick’; P. jhapph f.
‘swoop (of a bird)’, jhapphṇā ‘to catch’.
2. L. jhamb f. ‘rain blown by wind’, jhambaṇ ‘to card
cotton’; P. jambhṇā ‘to shake, card cotton’; WPah.
cam. jambhṇā ‘to dust’; A. zā̃p ‘jump’, zā̃piba ‘to jump’,
B. jhā̃p, jhā̃pā, Or. jhāmpa, jhāmpibā, Mth. jhā̃p; H.
jhampnā ‘to pounce on’; G. jhãpāvvũ ‘to throw head-
long’; M. j̈hā̃p f. ‘stoop (of a bird)’. — Ext. —ṭṭ—: N.
jhamṭanu ‘to assault’. — Cf. also M. j̈hā̃baḍṇẽ ‘to
snatch’.
5337 *jhapp—
2 ‘cover’. 2. *jhamp—
2. [Cf. *jhapp—1 and
similar range of meaning between *jhakk—1 and
*jhakk—2, and in *ḍhapp—]
1. N. jhāpo ‘lid’; A. zāpiba ‘to be closed’, zapāiba ‘to
cover’; B. jhāpnā ‘film over the eyes’, Or. jhāpaṇā;
Mth. jhapnā ‘cover of a granary’.
2. Pk. jhaṁpaï ‘covers’, jhaṁpaṇī— f. ‘eyelid’; P.
jhammaṇ m. ‘cover of a cart’; N. jhā̃po ‘lid’, jhā̃pnu ‘to
cover’, jhā̃pan ‘cover of a litter’; A. zā̃p ‘cover’; B.
jhā̃pāna ‘to overspread’; Or. jhāmpa ‘big basket with
a lid’ (see also *jhamp—3); Bi. jhā̃p ‘basket-lid’; Mth.
Aw. lakh. jhā̃pab ‘to cover’, H. jhā̃pnā; M. j̈hā̃pṇẽ ‘to
cover’, j̈hā̃paṇ n. ‘lid’.
*jhamp—
1 ‘sudden movement’ see *jhapp—1.
*jhamp—
2 ‘cover’ see *jhapp—2.
5338 *jhamp—
3 ‘matting’. [Same as *jhamp—2?]
B. jhā̃p ‘mat—door’, jhā̃pi ‘small wickerwork box’; Or.
jhāmpa ‘big basket with a lid’; H. jhā̃p m. ‘bamboo
frame, matted shutter’; G. jhā̃pɔ m. ‘matted gate’,
jhā̃pī f. ‘small bamboo casket’; M. j̈hā̃p m. ‘thatched
hut’ (cf. N. jhāpro ‘little shed’ < *jhappa—ḍa—), j̈hā̃pā m.
‘matted shutter’; — P. jhāmbh f. ‘matting shelter’.
jhampa— see *jhapp—1.
5339 *jhamm—
1 ‘sudden movement’.
Bshk. ǰamda ‘quick’; P. jhammṇā ‘to throw on the
ground’, jhamājham ‘heavily (of rain)’; N. jhamma
‘quite’, jham—jham ‘in torrents (of rain)’; A. zam—zam
‘cry caused by burning’; B. jham—jham ‘pattering’; H.
jham—jham ‘sound of heavy rain’. — Ext. —ṭṭ—: Ku.
jhamṭaṇo ‘to pounce on’, N. jhamṭanu.
Addenda: *jhamm—1: cf. OP. jhimijhimi f. ‘steady drizzle’, P.
jhim—jhim f.
5340 *jhamm—
2 ‘entanglement’.
S. jhamaku m. ‘entangling of branches’, jhamaṭu m.
‘grove of trees’; N. jhamelā ‘entanglement, quarrel’;
H. jhamelā m. ‘wrangling’.
5341 *jhamm—
3 ‘flash’. [Same as *jhamm—1? — Cf. *jamm—]
P. jhamjham ‘glittering’; H. jhamjhamānā ‘to sparkle’.
— Ext. —kk—: P. jhamakṇā ‘to glitter’, N. jhamkanu;
Or. jhamakibā ‘to flash’; H. jhamaknā ‘to glitter’;
OMarw. jhamakālīyo ‘shining’; M. j̈hamakṇẽ ‘to
glitter’.
Addenda: *jhamm—3: WPah.poet. j̈hɔmko m. ‘light, flash’; J.
jhamākā m. ‘lightning’. — Cf. S.kcch. jabakṇū ‘to
flash’, G. jhabakvũ AKŚ 45.
5342 *jhamm—
4 ‘jingle, tingle’. [Same as *jhamm—3?]
N. jhamjhamāunu ‘to tingle’; A. zamzamāiba ‘to
cause a burning sensation’; B. jhamjham ‘jingling’; G.
jhamjham ‘with a jingle, with a burning sensation’; M.
j̈hamj̈ham ‘with a jingle’. — Ext. —kk—: H. jhamkā m.
‘clanging’; G. jhamak f. ‘rhyme’, jhamkār m. ‘tingling,
tinkling’.
*JHAR ‘flow’: jhara—, jharaṇa—1, *jharati1, jhar-
jhara—2, *jhāra—1, *jhāraṇa—, *jhārayati, *jhirati1,
*jhurati1, *jhr̥ta—; *abhijjharati, *avajjhara—,
*ujjharati, *nijjharati, nirjhara—1, *nirjharati,
*nirjhāra—, *prajjhara—, *prajjharati, — *jhaṭati.
— See √*jhal1, √*kṣar, √*kṣal.
5350 *jharjhara—
3 ‘worn out’. [jharjharita— R.: ~ jarjára—.
— √*jhr̥̄]
N. jhā̃jar ‘emaciated’.
*JHAL
1 ‘flow’: *jhalati, *jhāla—1, *jhālana—, *jhāla-
yati; *avajjhālayati, *ujjhalati, *ujjhāla—, *ujjhāla-
yati, *prajjhalati. — See √*jhar, √kṣar, √kṣal.
5351 *jhal—
2 ‘sudden movement’. 2. *jhall—
1. [Cf. jha-
lajjhalā— f. ‘flapping of elephants' ears’ Kām.]
1. N. jhaljhali ‘repeatedly’, jhalyā̃sse ‘startled’; B.
jhalak ‘flapping of waves’, jhalās ‘purblind’ (< ‘*blink-
ing’?); H. jhalnā ‘to move a fan to and fro’.
2. S. jhalaṇu ‘to seize’, jhalī f. ‘large fan’; P. jhall m.
‘swing of a fan’, jhallī f. ‘cloth used for fanning in
winnowing’, jhallṇā ‘to move a fan’; Or. jhalajhala
‘flapping’, jhalakibā ‘to spring up’; H. jhallā, jhālā m.
‘shower of rain’; G. jhāl f. ‘sudden leap’, jhālvũ ‘to
catch hold of’; M. j̈hāl f. ‘springing forward in anger’.
Addenda: *jhal—
2. 2. *jhall—1: S.kcch. jalṇū ‘to hold’.
†;*JHAL
3 ‘flame, blaze’: *jhal—3, jhalā—, *jhall—2,
*jhāla—2.
5352 *jhal—
3 ‘flash’. 2. *jhall—
2, jhallikā— f. ‘light’ lex.
[See jhalā— and *jhil—. — Cf. jhalañjhala— m. ‘lustre’ lex.]
1. Pk. jhalajhalaṁta— ‘shining’; L. jhalbal m.
‘glitter’; N. jhaljhal, jhalājhal, jhallomalla ‘bright,
ablaze’; A. zaliba ‘to shine, be angry’ (or < jválati);
B. jhalsā ‘scorched’; Mth. jhalamala ‘shining’; Bhoj.
jhalmal ‘sparkle’; H. jhaljhalānā ‘to shine’; OMarw.
jhalamalīyo ‘shining’; G. jhaḷvũ ‘to be burnt’, jhaḷjhaḷ
‘resplendently’, jhaḷelɔ, jhareḷɔ m. ‘blister caused by
scorching’; M. j̈haḷṇẽ ‘to get warm in the sun (of a liquor)’,
j̈haḷj̈haḷ f. ‘glitter’. — Pk. jhalahalaṁta— ‘shining’, OG.
jhalahalataüṁ; M. j̈haḷāḷṇẽ ‘to shine brightly’. — Ext.
—kk—: Ap. jhalakkia— ‘burnt’; L. jhalkaṇ ‘to glitter’; P.
jhalkā, °ārā m. ‘flash’, jhalakṇā ‘to shine’, jhalā̃g m.
‘morning’; Ku. jhalkaṇo ‘to glitter’, N. jhalkanu; A.
zalak ‘brilliant light’; B. jhalkā ‘flash’; Mth. jhalakab ‘to
glitter’; Bhoj. jhalak ‘flash’; H. jhalaknā ‘to sparkle’,
jhalkā m. ‘blister’; G. jhaḷakvũ ‘to shine’; M. j̈haḷakṇẽ
‘to glitter’, Ko. jhaḷkatā.
2. S. jhalkaṇu ‘to shine’; P. jhall m. ‘rage’; WPah.
bhal. j̈hall f. ‘flame’; Or. jhalakibā ‘to glisten’, Aw. lakh.
jhalkab ‘to shine’; H. jhallā ‘hot’, jhallānā ‘to burn’,
jhālnā ‘to make hot, polish’; G. jhallāvũ ‘to be scorched’,
jhalakvũ ‘to shine’; M. j̈halāḷ f. ‘gleam’.
5355 *
jhalla— ‘bush’. [Cf.
jhāṭa—]
Ash. Kt.
zul ‘jungle’; Paš. dar.
ǰal ‘tree’, nir.
ǰāl, ar.
ǰōl, kuṛ.
zal, chil.
zol, Gmb.
ǰalā; Kal.
ǰƏhal ‘jungle’;
Kho.
žal ‘grove, copse (of trees)’; Sh.
ǰēl m. ‘forest’;
L.
jhall m. ‘jungle’; P.
jhall m. ‘reed—bed, thicket’;
WPah. bhad. bhiḍ.
j̈hall n. ‘bush’, bhal.
j̈h
e
ll n., rudh.
j̈hall ‘thicket’; N.
jhāl ‘collection of vines or other
plants’; H.
jhalār m. ‘brushwood’; M.
j̈hāl f. ‘pendulous
flowering and fruitage of a tree’.
Addenda: *
jhalla— ‘bush’: WPah.kṭg.
j̈hàll, kc.
j̈hāl m. ‘bush’; J.
jhāll m.pl. ‘thorny shrubs’; poet.
j̈hɔlṭu m. ‘bush’.
5357 *jhallā— ‘lock of hair’. [Cf. jhallarī—1. — For list of
similar words for ‘hair’ see jáṭā—]
M. j̈hāl f. ‘tassel of hair’.
5360 *jhas— ‘sudden movement’. 2. *jhass—.
1. Pk. jhasia— ‘thrown up’; Ku. jhasjhas ‘startling’. -
Ext. —kk—: Ku. jhasak ‘fright’; N. jhasko ‘sprain in a
muscle’, jhaskanu ‘to be startled’.
2. P. jhassṇā ‘to rub’; N. jhās—jhus ‘chaff’; Or.
jhāsibā ‘to attack suddenly’.
*jhass— ‘sudden movement’ see prec.
5361 *jhāñjha— ‘tinkling’. [Cf. jhañjhā—?]
S. jhā̃jhu m. ‘cymbal’; P. jhā̃j m. ‘sound of a musical
instrument’; N. B. jhā̃jh ‘cymbal’, Or. jhāñjha; OAw.
jhāṁjha f. ‘cymbal’, lakh. jhā̃jh ‘anklet’; H. G. jhā̃jh f.
‘cymbal’, M. j̈hā̃j̈ f.
5364 *jhāta— ‘burnt’. [Cf. kṣātí— f. ‘burning’ RV. -
√*jhai]
Pk. jhāya— ‘burnt to ashes’; Si. dāya ‘destruction’ (not
with Geiger EGS 74 < *jhaya— ~ kṣayá—).
5365 *jhāna— ‘burnt’. [~ *kṣāṇa—: cf. Pk. vijjhāṇa— ‘ex-
tinguished’. — √*jhai]
Pa. jhāna— n. ‘conflagration’; L. poṭh. jhāṇī m.
‘cremation ground’ or more prob. < *jhāyana—.
*jhāpayati ‘causes to burn’ see *jhāyati.
5366 *jhāma—
1 ‘burnt’. 2. jhāmaka— n. ‘vitrified brick’ lex.
[~ kṣāmá—. — √*jhai]
1. Pa. jhāma— ‘burning’; Pk. jhāma— ‘burning, dark-
coloured’; Phal. ǰhām ‘itching’; A. zā̃u ‘vitrified brick’;
Or. jhā̃ ‘burnt, over—roasted, calcined’; Mth. jhām
‘vitrified brick’.
2. S. jhā̃õ; m. ‘a kind of brick or pumice—stone for
rubbing dirt off soles of feet’, P. jhā̃vā̃, jhāmā̃ m.; MB.
jhā̃oe inst. ‘pumice—stone’, B. jhāmā; Or. jhāmā
‘vitrified brick’, Bi. jhā̃wā̃, Mth. jhāmā, Bhoj. jhāwā̃,
H. jhā̃wā, jhāmā m. (whence jhãwānā ‘to clean the feet
with pumice—stone’); Si. dam̆bu ‘burning, on fire’. -
Deriv.: Pk. jhāmaï tr. ‘burns’; G. jhāmvũ ‘to dip a hot
piece of stone in water’; — Pk. jhāmia— ‘burnt,
blackened’; P. jhāı̄̃ f. ‘freckle’; B. jhā̃i ‘calcined rice’;
Or. jhāı̃ ‘excessive heat, summer’; H. jhāı̄̃ f. ‘dusky
colour’; — prob. also P. jhāı̄̃ f. ‘shadow’, G. jhā̃y f.
*jhāmala—1; *jhāmarūpa—; *ardhajjhāma—.
Addenda: *jhāma—
1. 1. WPah.kṭg. j̈hawɔ m. ‘flash of lightning’,
J. jhā̃wã m. ‘light’.
2. A. jhā̃o (phonet. zão) ‘vitrified brick’, Brj. jhā̃wo,
jhāmo m.
5367 *jhāma—
2 ‘dim—sighted’. [Cf. *jhāma—1 in P. jhāı̄̃ f.
‘shadow’?]
S. jhā̃ı̄̃ f. ‘dimness of sight’.
*jhāmala—2.
*jhāmara— ‘a disease’ see *jhāmala—2.
5374 *jhāra—
2 ‘collection’.
S. jhāri f. ‘flock of birds’; G. jhārũ n. ‘troop’.
5377 *jhārikā— ‘water—pot’.
S. jhārī f. ‘metal vessel with long neck’, N. jhāri;
A. zāri ‘drinking vessel with spout’, B. Or. Bi. jhāri,
H. jhārī f. (→ Mth. jhāṛī), G. jhārī f., M. j̈hārī f.
5384 *jhikk— ‘bend, jerk’. 2. *jhiṅk—. [Cf. √*jhukk]
1. Tor. žigal— ‘to pull’; S. jhikaṇu ‘to bend, be
crooked’, jhiku m. ‘a dint, inclination’, jhiko ‘crooked’;
Ku. jhikṇo intr. ‘to delay’, jhikoṇo tr.; N. jhiknu ‘to
pull in, take out or off’, jhikro ‘splinter’; A. zikār
‘sudden start’; Or. jhikibā ‘to pull with a jerk’; Bi.
jhīkā ‘handful of grain poured into a mill’; G. jhikvũ ‘to
dash to the ground’, jhīkɔ m. ‘dust of bricks’.
2. B. jhı̃kā ‘jerk’, Or. jhiṅkibā ‘to pull with a jerk’; Bi.
jhı̄̃k, °kā ‘handful of grain poured into a mill’; G.
jhı̃kvũ ‘to dash to the ground’; M. jhı̃kṇẽ, jhik° ‘to catch
(a ball &c.)’.
Addenda: *jhikk—: WPah.kṭg. jhìkṇõ; intr. ‘to swing, sway, tilt’.
†;*jhiṭ— ‘sudden movement’ see *jhaṭ—.
5385 *jhiṅga— ‘prawn’. [Cf. ciṅgaṭa—, gāṅgaṭa—, kar-
kaṭa—1]
P. jhiṅgā m. ‘shrimp, prawn’; N. jhiṅo ‘small fly’,
jhiṅe mācho ‘shrimp, prawn’; Aw. lakh. H. jhı̄̃gā m.
‘shrimp, prawn’, M. jhı̃gā m. — Deriv. S. jhiṅgaṇu ‘(of
flies) to alight on and spoil food’.
*jhiṅgura—; *jhiṅgarūpa—.
5387 *jhiṅgura— ‘cockroach’. [Cf. jhiñjhī—, jhijjhī— f.
‘cricket’ lex.—*jhiṅga—]
Pk. jhiṁgira—, °aḍa— m. ‘a small insect’; P. jhiṅgur m.
‘cricket’; N. jhiṅur ‘cockroach’; Mth. jhı̃gur ‘cricket’;
Bhoj. jhiṅgur ‘grasshopper’; H. jhı̃gur m. ‘cricket’.
*jhiṭṭ— ‘sudden movement’ see *jhaṭ—.
*jhiṭṭa— ‘bush’ see jhāṭa—.
*jhiṇṭa— ‘hair’ see *jhaṇṭa—.
5391 *jhil— ‘flash’. [Cf. *jhal—3]
Sh. (Lor.) ǰil boiki ‘to rise (of sun)’; Or. jhiljhil
‘flashing’; Si. dilihenavā, dilenavā ‘to glitter’. — Ext.
—kk—: N. jhilik ‘flash’; A. zilikiba ‘to sparkle’; B. jhillikā
‘lustre’. — S. jhirmiri f. ‘starshine’; P. jhilmilāuṇā ‘to
sparkle’; N. jhilimili ‘glitter’, A. zilmilāiba; Or. jhilimili
‘vivid light’; H. jhilmil m. ‘sparkling’; M. jhiḷmiḷ
‘dazzlingly’; — S. jhirmira f. ‘venetian blind’; P.
jhilmilī f. ‘shutter’, N. jhilmil, B. jhilimili, jhilmil, Or.
jhilimili, H. jhilmil m.; M. jhiḷmiḷī f. ‘hangings’.
5392 *jhilla—
1 ‘swamp, lake’. [Cf. *hilla—2]
Pk. jhillaï ‘bathes’, jhillī— f. ‘wave’; N. B. jhil ‘lake,
pool’; Or. jhila ‘lake, pool, swamp’; Bi. jhīl ‘low marshy
land’; Mth. jhīl ‘lake, marsh’, H. jhīl f. (→ P. jhīl f.);
G. jhīl f. ‘deep reservoir of water’; M. jhīl f. ‘rill’, m.
‘swampiness’.
Addenda: *jhilla—2: G. jhīl f. ‘a kind of plant’.
†;*jhīvara— see dhīvara—.
5393 *jhilla—
2 ‘a partic. kind of plant’.
Pk. jhillī— f. ‘a partic. wild plant’; S. jhilu f. ‘an edible
water—plant, a small wild shrub from which tooth
cleaners are made’.
5399 *jhukkati ‘stoops, breaks’. 2. *jhuṅkati. [Cf. Shgh.
ǰuk— ‘to beat’, Par. ǰukḗw— ‘to shake’ IIFL i 261. -
√*jhukk]
1. S. jhukaṇu ‘to stoop’, L. jhukaṇ, P. jhukṇā; WPah.
bhal. j̈ukṇū ‘to crush or break stone’; Ku. jhukṇo ‘to
bow’; N. jhuknu ‘to bend forward’, jhukkinu ‘to be
misled’; H. jhuknā ‘to bend’ intr., G. jhukvũ, M.
j̈hukṇẽ; — S. jhokaṇu ‘to push faggots on to the fire’;
N. jhok ‘a net hung up to hold clothes’.
2. N. jhuṅgi ‘carrying something by holding it on
both sides’; B. jhũkā ‘to stoop’; Or. jhuṅkibā ‘to stoop,
stagger’. — Bhoj. jhõ;k ‘gust of wind’?
*jhuṅkati ‘stoops’ see prec.
*jhuṭṭa— ‘knot of hair’ see *jhuṇṭa—2.
Addenda: *jhukkati. 3. †;*jhōkkati tr.: S. jhokaṇu ‘to push
faggots on the fire’, P. jhokṇā ‘id., thrust forward’;
WPah.kṭg. j̈hòkṇõ; ‘to throw down or away’ Him.I
78, J. jhokṇu ‘to throw fuel on fire’; — kṭg. j̈hòkṭi
f.
‘firewood’, J. jhokkū m. ‘fuel’, N. jhok ‘net hung up to
hold clothes’, cf. Sh. jŭk m. ‘wood’, WPah.kṭg. (kc.)
j̈húkhṛɔ m. ‘wood’, kṭg. j̈hv́khṛi
f. ‘firewood’, J. jhukhrī
f.
5401 *jhuṇṭa—
2 ‘tangle, knot of hair, protuberance’.
2. *jhōṇṭa—. 3. *jhuṭṭa—. 4. *jhūṭa—
2. 5. *jhōṭṭa—.
[Cf. jūṭa— and cū́ḍa—1: for list of poss. connected words
see jáṭā—]
1. WPah. bhal. j̈huṇṭṛī f. ‘woman's queue of hair’;
B. jhũṭ ‘chignon, bird's crest, protuberance on back of
ox or camel’, Or. jhuṇṭi; H. jhũṭiyā f. ‘lock of hair on
crown of head’.
2. A. zõ;ṭ ‘entanglement’, zõ;ṭiba ‘to entangle’; Mth.
jhõ;ṭī ‘queue of hair’; Bhoj. jhõ;ṭā ‘tuft of hair’; M. j̈hõ;ṭ f.
‘knot of hanging hair’.
3. S. jhuṭu m. ‘top knot’.
4. S. jhūṛo m. ‘knot of hair’, L. jhūṛā m.; G. jhuṛɔ m.
‘bunch of false hair for making up a woman's hair’,
jhū̆ṛī f. ‘bunch, bundle’.
5. S. jhoṭo m. ‘tuft of hair on crown’.
5402 *jhuṇḍra— ‘crowd’. 2. *jhutta—. [Cf. *jhuppa—2]
1. S. jhuṇḍru m. ‘band of fakirs’; P. jhuṇḍ m. ‘flock,
troop’; Ku. jhuṇḍi, N. jhuṇḍa; Bi. jhuṇḍ, jhū̃ṛ ‘flock of
sheep or goats’; Bhoj. jhũṛi
‘crowd’; H. jhuṇḍ m. ‘flock,
troop’, G. jhuṇḍ n., M. j̈huṇḍ f.
2. N. jhut, jhutti ‘crowd’, jhutto ‘bundle of 4 or 6
maize cobs’, jhuttinu ‘to get entangled’; B. jhutta
‘crowd’.
*jhutta— ‘crowd’ see prec.
5403 *jhuppa—
1 ‘hut’. 2. *jhumpa—. 3. *jhōppa—.
4. *jhōmpa—.
1. S. jhūpiṛo m., °ṛī f. ‘hut’; L. jhupṛī f. ‘hut of grass
and branches’; N. jhupro ‘hut’, A. zupuri, B. jhupṛi, Or.
jhupuṛi, G. jhupṛũ n.
2. Pk. jhuṁpaḍā— f. ‘hut’; L. jhub m. ‘hut of sticks or
mud’; G. jhũpṛũ n., °ṛī f. ‘hut’.
3. Ku. jhopṛī f. ‘hut’, N. jhopro, °ri, B. jhopṛā, H.
jhopṛā m., °ṛī f.
4. Bi. jhõ;pṛī ‘shed on threshing floor’; Mth. H.
jhõ;pṛā m., °ṛī f. ‘hut’, G. jhõ;pṛũ n., M. j̈hõ;pā m., j̈hõ;pḍī
f., j̈hõ;pḍẽ n. — L. jhômpṛā m., P. jhaumpṛā m. < MIA.
*jhaüṁpa—.
5404 *jhuppa—
2 ‘crowd, cluster’. 2. *jhubba—. 3. *jhumma—.
[Cf. *jhuṇḍra—]
1. Ku. jhupuro ‘cluster’, N. jhuppo; A. zupurā ‘low
and bushy’; H. jhūpā m. ‘collection, heap’.
2. S. jhūbāṭaṇu ‘to crush’; P. jhubkā m. ‘pendent
earring’.
3. S. jhumu m. ‘thicket’; N. jhumma ‘huddled together’,
jhumminu intr. ‘to crowd together’; A. zum ‘herd’; G. jhum
n. ‘group’. — Ext. —kk—: S. jhumaku m. ‘cluster’, jhūmaku
m. ‘a kind of ear ornament’; P. jhumkā m. ‘pendent
earring’; N. jhumko, jham° ‘cluster’; B. jhumkā ‘earring
with pendants’, Or. jhumukā; H. jhumkā ‘cluster’, G.
jhumkhũ n., °khɔ m., M. j̈humkā m.; — with —ṭṭ—: S.
jhumaṭu m. ‘thicket’, jhumṭo m. ‘grove of trees’; Ku.
jhumuṭo ‘flock, swarm’;—with —r—: P. jhumar m. ‘crowd’.
*jhubba— ‘crowd’ see prec.
*jhumpa— ‘hut’ see *jhuppa—1.
*jhumma— ‘crowd’ see *jhuppa—2.
Addenda: *jhuppa—
2. 2. jhubba—: OP jhubbaṇu intr. ‘to crowd
together’.
3. *jhumma—: WPah.kṭg. jhùmkɔ m. ‘cluster’.
5406 *
jhulyati ‘swings’. [Cf. Par.
ǰūlē ‘shaking’, Pers.
ǰūlīdan ‘to be scattered’. — √*
jhul]
Pk.
jhullaï ‘swings’; Phal.
ǰül— ‘to be lying down’,
ǰhuli ‘on, to’ NOPhal 37; K.
zŏl f. ‘brief drowsiness’;
S.
jhūlaṇu ‘to swing, nod’; L. awāṇ.
jhuluṇ ‘to blow’;
P.
jhullṇā ‘to swing’; WPah. bhad.
zhulṇu ‘to sleep’,
bhal.
j̈hullṇū, śeu.
j̈hulnū; Ku.
jhulṇo ‘to swing’; N.
jhulnu ‘to nod, sleep’; A.
zuliba ‘to be suspended’; B.
jhulā ‘to swing, hang’, Or.
jhulibā; Bhoj.
jhūlā ‘woman's
skirt’; OAw.
jhulāvaï ‘causes to swing’; H.
jhūlnā ‘to
swing’, Marw.
jhūlṇo; G.
jhulvũ ‘to swing, hang, saunter’,
M.
j̈hulṇẽ. — Ext. —
kk—: S.
jhulko m. ‘blast of wind’; P.
jhulkaṇā ‘to hang down, go’; N.
jhulkanu ‘to rise (of
sun)’; M.
j̈hulakṇẽ ‘to wave gently’.
*
jhūṭa—
1 ‘bush’ see
jhuṇṭa—
1.
*
jhūṭa—
2 ‘hair’ see *
jhuṇṭa—
2.
Addenda: *
jhulyati: WPah.kṭg.
j̈hùlṇõ; intr. ‘to swing’, J.
jhulṇu,
kṭg. caus.
j̈Əlh
e\
uṇõ;, poet.
j̈Əlharo m., °
re f. ‘act of
waving, scintillating’, intr.
j̈Əlharno; kṭg. (kc.)
j̈hùllɔ
m. ‘rope—bridge’,
j̈hùllƏṇ m. ‘washing—line’.
5407 *jhūṭṭha— ‘false’. [→ Par. ǰuṭ ‘concealed’, ǰuṭī ‘theft’
IIFL i 263]
Pk. jhuṭṭha—, juṭṭha— ‘false’; Paš. ǰuṭı̄́ ‘lascivious
woman’; S. jūṭhu m. ‘lie’, juṭhi f. ‘abusing’; P. jhūṭh f.
‘lie’, jhūṭhā ‘false’; Ku. jhūṭo ‘liar’; N. jhuṭ ‘lie’, jhuṭho,
°ṭo ‘false’, B. jhũṭha; Or. jhuṭha, °ṭa ‘false’, °ṭā ‘liar’;
Mth. Bhoj. jhūṭh ‘lying, false’, H. jhūṭhā; Marw. jhūṭh
f. ‘lie’, jhūṭho ‘false’, G. juṭhũ; M. j̈huṭ f. ‘lie’, j̈huṭā
‘false’.
Addenda: *jhūṭṭha—: WPah.kṭg. (kc.) j̈hv́ṭṭhɔ ‘false, untrue’; J.
jhuṭṭh m. ‘untruth’.
5412 *jhūśa— ‘hair’. [Cf. *jhūṭa— and kḗśa—: for list of poss.
connected words see jáṭā—]
Paš. kuṛ. ǰuš m. ‘hair’; Ku. jhūs ‘beard of barley’; N.
jhus ‘fine hair, hairs on a plant or caterpillar, shavings’.
*JHR̥̄ ‘waste away’. [equivalence of many of the forms
below with those grouped under √jr̥̄
1 suggests that
√*jhr̥̄ derives from √jr̥̄
1 with jh— from √*jhi ~ √kṣi
2]
*jharaṇa—2, *jharati2, *jharjhara—, *jhirati2,
*jhīrṇa—, jhīryati, *jhurati2, *jhūra—, *jhūrati,
*jhūrṇa—, *jhūryatē; *nirjhara—2, *nirjhūra—; — √jr̥̄
1.
5413 *jhēlati ‘undergoes’.
N. jhelnu ‘to undergo, suffer’, H. jhelnā, OMarw.
jhelaï. — H. jhelnā ‘to take’, M. jhelṇẽ ‘to catch’
(< *jhēll—)?
*JHAI ‘burn’: *jhāta—, *jhāna—, *jhāpayati, *jhāma—1,
jhāmaka—, *jhāmala—1, *jhāyati, *jhāyana—, *jhāla—2;
*avajjhāyati, *vijjhāpayati, *vijjhāyati. — See
√kṣai.
5414 *jhōṭati ‘cuts, beats’. [Cf. chōṭayati ‘cuts, splits’
Dhātup.]
Pk. jhōḍaï ‘makes leaves fall off a tree’; N. jhornu ‘to
beat for game’; B. jhoṛā ‘to cut, lop’; OAw. jhoraï
‘beats, shakes’; H. jhoṛnā, jhor° ‘to beat’, M. j̈hoḍṇẽ.
*jhōṭṭa—
1 ‘bush’ see jhuṇṭa—1.
*jhōṭṭa—
2 ‘knot of hair’ see *jhuṇṭa—2.
jhōḍa— see jhuṇṭa—1.
*jhōṇṭa— ‘knot of hair’ see *jhuṇṭa—2.
*jhōppa—, jhōmpa— ‘hut’ see *jhuppa—1.
Addenda: *jhōṭati: A. juriba (phonet. z—) ‘to clear forest’ AFD
219 (3 sg. jure), 331 (st. jor—).
5415 *jhōla—
1 ‘bag’. 2. *jhōlla—. [jhaulikā— f. ‘small bag’
Dhūrtas. — Perh. conn. √*jhul, cf. parallel formation
of N. jholuṅgo ‘swinging cradle’ and A. zoloṅgā
‘beggar's bag’]
1. Pk. jhōliā— f. ‘bag’; L. jhoḷī f. ‘skirt used as a bag,
lap’; P. jholā m., °lī f. ‘bag’, Ku. jholo, °lī; N. jholi
‘small wallet’; A. zuli ‘bag, scrotum’; B. jholi, jhuli ‘bag’;
Bi. jholā, °lī ‘feeding bag for cattle’; Mth. jhorī ‘bag’,
Bhoj. jhōrā, H. jholī f., G. jhoḷī f., jhorṇɔ m., °ṇī f.; M.
j̈hoḷī f. ‘mendicant's bag’.
2. Pk. jholliā— f. ‘bag’; S. jhola f. ‘skirt used to hold
anything in’, jholī f. ‘fakir's bag, nest of eggs, brood of
young birds’.
Addenda: *jhōla—
1. 1. WPah.J. jhoḷā m. ‘wallet’.
2. *jhōlla—: WPah.kṭg. (kc.) j̈hòllɔ m. ‘bag’.
*jhōlla— ‘bag’ see *jhōla—1 Add2.
5416 *jhōla—
2 ‘juice’.
Sh. (Lor.) ǰūli f. ‘soup’, Ku. jhol; N. jhol ‘juice, soup’;
A. zol ‘soup’, B. jhol, Or. jhoḷa, Mth. jhor, H. jhol m.
5417 *jhōlayati ‘causes to swing’. [√*jhul]
P. jholṇā ‘to stir buttermilk’; N. jholinu intr. ‘to
dangle, get loose’; H. jholnā ‘to cause to swing, to fan’;
G. jhoḷvũ ‘to shake’; M. jhoḷṇā m. ‘sling for lifting
animals’.
*jhōlla— ‘bag’ see *jhōla—1.
jhaulikā— see *jhōla—1.
5418 *ṭaüna— ‘deaf’.
WPah. bhad. ṭauṇo ‘deaf’, bhal. ṭaõ;ṇo, khaś. ṭaoṇā,
N. ṭaunu; — Ku. ṭolo with l from kālo ‘dumb’ (<
kalya—2).
Addenda: *ṭaüna—: WPah.kṭg. (kc.) ṭɔṇɔ ‘deaf’, J. ṭōnwṇā.
5420 *ṭakk—
1 ‘remain, stop’. 2. *ṭikk—. 3. *ṭēkk— usu. tr.
[Cf. *ḍakk—3, *ṭhēkk—]
1. Sh. (Lor.) ṭak boiki ‘to be hampered, be stuck’; P.
ṭakk m. ‘settlement of price’; N. ṭakka aṛinu ‘to come
to a dead stop’; G. ṭakvũ ‘to stop’; M. ṭākṇẽ ‘to leave’.
2. Kho. (Lor.) tika ‘support, cushion behind the
back’; S. ṭikaṇu ‘to remain, be firm’; L. ṭikkaṇ ‘to
stay’; P. ṭikṇā ‘to stay’, ṭikkṇā ‘to appoint’; N. ṭiknu ‘to
remain, last’; A. ṭikiba ‘to last, be of service’; B. ṭikā ‘to
remain’; Or. ṭikibā ‘to last, be effective’; H. ṭiknā ‘to
stop, remain’; M. ṭikṇẽ ‘to stay’.
3. P. ṭekṇā ‘to prop’, ṭekaṇ m. ‘prop, bundle of wood’;
Ku. ṭekṇo ‘to prop’, ṭeko ‘prop, obstacle’; N. ṭeknu ‘to
set up’, ṭek ‘obstinacy’, ṭekan ‘prop’; A. ṭek ‘middle
part of a dam’; B. ṭẽkā ‘to remain’; Or. ṭekibā ‘to lift
up’; OAw. ṭekaï ‘puts, stops’, ṭeka f. ‘prop’; H. ṭeknā
‘to prop’; G. ṭekvũ, ṭek m.f. ‘support’; M. ṭekṇẽ tr. and
intr. ‘to rest’.
Addenda: *ṭakk—
1. 2. *ṭikk—: WPah.J. ṭikṇu ‘to stop’.
3. *ṭēkk—: WPah.kṭg. (kc.) ṭekṇõ; ‘to stop, stay,
stand, support, endure, place’; J. ṭekṇu ‘to support’.
5421 *ṭakk—
2 ‘cut, break’. [Cf. ṭakkara—]
Ash. ṭakä ‘broken’; Sh. (Lor.) ṭak thoiki ‘to break,
open (e.g. a pomegranate)’; K. ṭakun ‘to gnaw, crunch’;
L. ṭakkaṇ ‘to cut, mark by notching’, ṭakk m. ‘cut’,
ṭākā m. ‘vaccinator’; P. ṭakkṇā ‘to cut, strike’, ṭakk m.
‘gash, cutting in a field of grain’, ḍog. ṭakka m. ‘bite’.
*ṭakka—
1 ‘a coin’ see ṭaṅka—1.
5422 *ṭakka—
2 ‘bald’. 2. *ṭhakka—.
1. B. ṭāk ‘bald patch’, ṭākuyā, ṭek° ‘bald’, Or. ṭākarā;
M. ṭakkal n. ‘bald spot’, ṭakalyā ‘bald’, ṭakurẽ n., °korī
f., ṭakulẽ n., °lī f. ‘slang term for head, esp. fore part’;-
B. ṭākrā ‘palate’ semant. cf. tā́lu—.
2. Or. ṭhākerā ‘bald’.
5423 *ṭakka—
3 ‘hill’. 2. *ṭaṅga—
4. 3. *ṭikka—
2. 4. *ṭiṅga—.
5. *ṭēkka—. 6. *ṭēṅga—. 7. *ṭuṅka—. 8. *ṭuṅga—
1.
9. *ḍakka—
3. 10. *ḍagga—
1. 11. *ḍaṅga—
3.
12. *ḍuṅga—. 13. *ḍōṅga—
2. 14. tuṅga—. 15. *thuṅga—.
16. *daṅga—. [Cf. ṭaṅka—4 m. ‘peak, crag’ MBh.,
tuṅga— (see below) ‘lofty’, m. ‘mountain’ MBh., and
*ṭappa—3 with further list. Variety of form indicates
non—Aryan and perh. (with PMWS 149) Mu. origin. -
Further poss. connexion with *ḍhōkka—2 ‘rock’ and
large group of words for ‘lump’ s.v. *ḍhikka—1]
1. Ext. —r—: S. ṭakuru m. ‘mountain’, ṭakirī f. ‘hillock’,
ṭākara f. ‘low hill’, ṭākirū m. ‘mountaineer’; N. ṭākuro,
°ri ‘hill top’.
2. Or. ṭāṅgī ‘hill, stony country’. — Ext. —r—: Or.
ṭāṅgara ‘rocky hilly land’.
3. Ext. —r—: Or. ṭikara ‘high land, sandbank’, ṭikarā,
ṭīkirā ‘anthill’.
4. A. ṭiṅ ‘mountain peak’, ṭiṅnā ‘elevated piece of
land’, ṭiṅāli ‘very high’. — Ext. —l— in *uṭṭiṅgala—.
5. M. ṭek m.n., ṭekā̆ḍ n., ṭekḍī, ṭẽk° f. ‘hillock’. — Ext.
—r—: P. ṭekrā m., °rī f. ‘rock, hill’; H. ṭekar, °krā m.
‘heap, hillock’; G. ṭekrɔ m., °rī f. ‘mountain, hillock’.
6. K. ṭē̃g m. ‘hillock, mound’.
7. G. ṭũk ‘peak’.
8. M. ṭũg n. ‘mound, lump’. — Ext. —r—: Or. ṭuṅguri
‘hillock’; M. ṭũgar n. ‘bump, mound’ (see *uṭṭungara—);
— —l—: M. ṭũgaḷ, °gūḷ n.
9. K. ḍȧki
f. ‘hill, rising ground’. — Ext. —r—: K.
ḍakürü
f. ‘hill on a road’.
10. Ext. —r—: Pk. ḍaggara— m. ‘upper terrace of a
house’; M. ḍagar f. ‘little hill, slope’.
11. Ku. ḍā̃g, ḍā̃k ‘stony land’; B. ḍāṅ ‘heap’, ḍāṅgā
‘hill, dry upland’; H. ḍā̃g f. ‘mountain—ridge’; M. ḍā̃g
m.n., ḍā̃gaṇ, °gāṇ, ḍãgāṇ n. ‘hill—tract’. — Ext. —r—: N.
ḍaṅgur ‘heap’.
12. M. ḍũg m. ‘hill, pile’, °gā m. ‘eminence’, °gī f.
‘heap’. — Ext. —r—: Pk. ḍuṁgara— m. ‘mountain’; Ku.
ḍũgar, ḍũgrī; N. ḍuṅgar ‘heap’; Or. ḍuṅguri ‘hillock’,
H. ḍū̃gar m., G. ḍũgar m., ḍũgrī f.
13. S. ḍ̱ū̃garu m. ‘hill’, H. M. ḍõ;gar m.
14. Pa. tuṅga— ‘high’; Pk. tuṁga— ‘high’, tuṁgī̆ya— m.
‘mountain’; K. tŏng, tọ̆ngu
m. ‘peak’, P. tuṅg f.; A. tuṅg
‘importance’; Si. tun̆gu ‘lofty, mountain’. — Cf.
uttuṅga— ‘lofty’ MBh.
15. K. thọ̆ngu
m. ‘peak’.
16. H. dā̃g f. ‘hill, precipice’, dā̃gī ‘belonging to hill
country’.
Addenda: *ṭakka—
3. 12. *ḍuṅga—: S.kcch. ḍūṅghar m. ‘hillock’.
5430 *ṭaṅka—
6 ‘artificial pond’.
Pk. ṭaṁka— m. ‘ditch, reservoir, shore’; H. ṭā̃kh m.
‘underground reservoir of water’; G. ṭā̃kũ n. ‘reservoir’,
°kī f. ‘cistern, small well’; M. ṭā̃kẽ, ṭākẽ n. ‘hole dug in
rock as a boundary mark, reservoir, cistern’.
ṭaṅka—7, ṭaṅkaṇa—
1 ‘borax’ see ṭaṅgaṇa—1.
ṭaṅkaṇa—
2 ‘a tribe’ see *ṭāṅkana—.
5433 *ṭaṅkati
2 ‘chisels’. [ṭaṅka—2]
Pa. ṭaṅkita—mañca— ‘a stone (i.e. chiselled) platform’;
G. ṭā̃kvũ ‘to chisel’, M. ṭā̃kṇẽ.
5436 *ṭaṅg— ‘hang up’. [Cf. √taṁs and similar relationship
between √daṁś and *ḍaṅk—]
S. ṭaṅgaṇu ‘to hang up’; L. ṭaṅgaṇ, ṭaṅgṇā m. ‘clothes
line’; P. ṭaṅgṇā ‘to hang up’, Ku. ṭāṅṇo, ṭā̃kṇo; N.
ṭāṅnu ‘to hang up, spread out’ (cf. Pk. ṭaṁkia— ‘spread
out’); B. ṭāṅgā ‘to hang up’, Or. ṭāṅgibā; Bi. ṭãgnā, °nī
‘stick or rope for hanging clothes on’; Mth. ṭā̃gab ‘to
hang up’, H. ṭā̃gnā, G. ṭā̃gvũ, M. ṭā̃gṇẽ.
ṭaṅga—
1 ‘a weight’ see ṭaṅka—1.
ṭaṅga—
2 ‘sword, spade’ see ṭaṅka—2.
ṭaṅga—
3 ‘leg’ see ṭaṅka—3.
*ṭaṅga—
4 ‘hill’ see *ṭakka—3.
ṭaṅga—
5 ‘borax’ see next.
5438 *ṭaṭṭ— ‘pain, smart’.
N. ṭāṭo ‘scar’, ṭaṭṭinu ‘to be exposed to hunger or
sunshine’, ṭaṭṭāunu ‘to smart (of a sore)’; B. ṭāṭāna ‘to
pain, be dried up’; H. ṭaṭānā ‘to pain’.
5439 *ṭaṭṭa— ‘defective’. 2. *taṭṭa—2. [See list s.v. *ṭuṇṭa—2]
1. N. ṭaṭaro ‘obstinate fool’.
2. Gaw. taṭára ‘lean’.
Addenda: *ṭaṭṭa—: WPah.poet. ṭaṭo ‘dumb, stupid’, J. ṭāṭā; kṭg.
ṭɔṭṭɔ ‘stammering’.
5440 *ṭaṭṭu— or *taṭṭu— ‘pony’. [Onom.?]
Sh. pales. ṭaṭū́ ‘horse’; K. ṭoṭu
m. ‘pony’, S. ṭaṭū̃ m.,
L. ṭaṭṭū m., P. ṭaṭṭū m., Ku. ṭaṭṭu, N. ṭaṭu, B. ṭāṭu, Or.
taṭu, Aw. lakh. ṭaṭuā, H. ṭaṭṭū m., G. ṭaṭṭu, ṭaṭu m.,
ṭaṭvũ n., °vāṇī f., M. taṭṭū, taṭū m., taṭāṇī f.
5441 *ṭaḍḍha— ‘distant’.
Ku. ṭāṛ, N. ṭāṛho, ṭāṛo. — But H. tārī f. ‘distance’
< *tāra— or *tāḍa—?.
Addenda: *ṭaḍḍha—: Garh. ṭāḍā ‘distant’, Ku. ṭāṛo, taṛā.
5442 *ṭaṇṭa— ‘dispute’.
N. ṭaṇṭā ‘dispute, bother’; H. ṭaṇṭā m. ‘wrangling’,
G. ṭaṇṭɔ m.
5443 *ṭan— ‘be tight’. 2. *ṭān— ‘tighten’. 3. *ṭhān—. [Re-
lationship with √tan (tanṓti, *tānayati) is obscure]
1. N. ṭanna ‘tense, swollen’, ṭanṭani ‘securely’,
ṭankanu ‘to become tense’; B. ṭanṭanāna ‘to be tense,
throb’, ṭankāna ‘to stiffen’; M. ṭaṇṭaṇṇẽ ‘to be strained
very tightly’, ṭaṇkā, ‘strong, healthy’.
2. S. ṭāṇaṇu ‘to pull tight’; Ku. ṭāṇi—ṭāṇi ‘tightness,
painful feeling’; A. ṭāniba ‘to pull tight’; B. ṭānā ‘to
tighten’, ṭān ‘spasm’; Or. ṭāṇibā ‘to pull tight’, ṭāṇi
‘warp’; H. ṭānnā ‘to pull tight’, M. ṭāṇṇẽ.
3. Mth. ṭhānab ‘to drag’.
5444 *ṭapp— ‘drip, drop’. 2. *ṭipp—2. 3. *ṭēpp—. 4. *ṭupp—.
5. *ṭōpp—. 6. *ṭhipp—. 7. *tapp—. [Onom., cf. tḗpatē
‘sprinkles’, stḗpatē ‘drips’ Dhātup.]
1. B. ṭap ‘sound of dropping’, ṭapāna ‘to drop, trickle,
distil’, ṭapkāna ‘to fall in drops’; Or. ṭapakibā ‘to drip,
ooze’; Aw. ṭapa—ṭapa ‘patter of drops’; H. ṭapaknā ‘to
drip’, ṭabhak m. ‘sound of dripping’; G. ṭapkũ n.
‘drop’; M. ṭapkā m. ‘falling drop’.
2. Pk. ṭippī— f. ‘spot on forehead’; S. ṭipo m. ‘dot
placed over letters’; WPah. jaun. ṭīpū ‘drop; B. ṭipā
‘to drip’; Or. ṭip—ṭip ‘dripping’; H. ṭipkā m. ‘drop’, G.
ṭīpũ n.; M. ṭīp n. ‘drop, tear’, ṭipṇẽ ‘to drip’, ṭipakṇẽ
intr. ‘to drop’, ṭipkā m. ‘drop’.
3. S. ṭepo m. ‘drop’.
4. B. ṭupā ‘to drip’.
5. B. ṭopāna ‘to distil’; Or. ṭopā ‘raindrop’, ṭopi
‘small spot on forehead’.
6. M. ṭhipakṇẽ, ṭhibakṇẽ ‘to drip’.
7. Ku. taptapāṇo ‘to drip, fall in drops’; N. tap—tap
‘sound of dripping or throbbing’, tapkanu ‘to drop,
drip, trickle’, tapkeni ‘shady place overhung by trees
(i.e. dripped on)’ < *tapkyāni; H. tapaknā ‘to throb’;
M. tapakṇẽ ‘to drip’.
*ṭappa—
1 ‘network’ see *tarpa—1.
Addenda: *ṭapp—. 2. *ṭipp—2: S.kcch. ṭipakṇū ‘to drip’;
WPah.kṭg. ṭippɔ m. ‘drop’, J. ṭipā m.
5445 *ṭappa—
2 ‘tap, blow’. 2. *trappa—.
1. K. ṭaph, dat. °pas m. ‘blow, kick’, ṭāph, dat. °pi f.
‘slap’; S. ṭapuṛa f. ‘tapping’; Ku. ṭāp ‘step’; N. ṭāp
‘horse's hoof’; A. ṭāb ‘horse's hoofprint’; B. ṭāpar
‘slight stroke’; Or. ṭāpu ‘horse's hoof’, ṭāparā—ṭāpuri
‘poking at each other’; H. ṭāp f. ‘sound of a horse's
hoof, hoof’; G. ṭaplɔ m. ‘slap’, ṭapārvũ ‘to beat’; M.
ṭāp f. ‘kick from a horse’, ṭāparṇẽ ‘to hammer’, ṭaplā
m. ‘smack’.
2. S. ṭrapura f. ‘tapping’.
Addenda: *ṭappa—
2 ‘blow’. 3. †;*ṭippa—
3 (same as *ṭipp—1
‘pinch’?): WPah.kiũth. ṭipṇa ‘to beat’, ṭipuṇa ‘to fight’
(refl.) or by metath. of piṭṭayati (Him.I 81).
5446 *ṭappa—
3 ‘hill’. 2. *ṭippa—2. 3. *ṭēppa—2. 4. *ṭibba—.
5. *ṭimba—. 6. *ṭēmba—. 7. *ṭumba—2. [Cf. *ḍippa-
and parallel variations s.v. *ṭakka—3]
1. M. ṭāp—ṭep m. pl. ‘mounds, hillocks’.
2. Ku. ṭīpo, ṭippo ‘ridge, peak’. — Ext. —r—: S. ṭipiri f.
‘crown of head’; Ku. ṭipīr ‘ridge, peak’; N. ṭipri
‘hilltop’.
3. M. ṭep m.n. ‘mound’. — Ext. —r—: M. ṭepar n.
‘mound’; — —l—: Ku. ṭepulo ‘mound, ridge’.
4. L. P. ṭibbā m. ‘mound, sandbank, hill’; Ku. ṭibbā,
ṭibaṛī ‘ridge, peak’; H. ṭibbā m. ‘hill’, ṭībā m. ‘hill,
sandbank’.
5. WPah. jaun. ṭı̄̃bā ‘hill’; G. ṭı̄̃bɔ m. ‘sandbank, hill’.
— Ext. —r— in *uṭṭimbara—.
6. A. ṭemekā, ṭemunā ‘small protuberance’; G. ṭẽbɔ
m. ‘large heap’; M. ṭẽb, ṭẽbh, ṭẽbā, ṭẽbhā m. ‘hill, summit’.
7. A. ṭummi ‘high bank’. — Ext. —r—: M. ṭũbar n.
‘mound, bump, wart’ (see *uṭṭumbara—).
*ṬAR ‘move aside’: *ṭarati, *ṭārayati; *uṭṭārayati;
— √ṭal
1.
Addenda: *ṭappa—
3. 2. *ṭippa—2: S.kcch. ṭippar f. ‘head’.
4. ṭibba—: WPah.kṭg. (kc.) ṭibbɔ m. ‘hill’, kṭg. ṭibṛi
f. ‘small hill’.
5447 *ṭarati ‘moves aside’. 2. Caus. *ṭārayati. [~ ṭálati,
ṭālayati. — √*ṭar]
1. Ku. ṭarakṇo ‘to withdraw, shun’; N. ṭarnu ‘to pass
by’; Or. ṭarakibā ‘to steal away from a place’.
2. N. ṭārnu ‘to spurn, neglect, evade’.
5448 *ṭarara— ‘astringent’.
N. ṭarro ‘sour, astringent’; H. ṭarrā ‘harsh’.
ṬAL
1 ‘move aside’: ṭálati, ṭālayati; *uṭṭālayati;
— √*ṭar.
5449 *ṭal—
2 ‘glitter, tinkle’.
Pk. ṭalaṭalaï ‘tinkles’; S. ṭalī f., ṭaliāro m. ‘bell hung
round neck of cattle’, L. ṭalī f.; N. ṭal—ṭal ‘glitter’,
ṭalkanu ‘to shine’; A. ṭal—ṭal ‘clear’, ṭalak ‘winking’,
ṭal—bal ‘glistening’; M. ṭaḷ—ṭaḷ ‘lustrously’.
5451 *ṭalla—
1 ‘heap’. 2. *ṭilla—.
1. S. ṭalo m. ‘raft of timbers’; N. ṭāl ‘pile of wood’;
Bi. ṭāl ‘pile of cowdung’; H. ṭāl f. ‘pile of wood &c.’.
2. L. ṭillā m. ‘hillock’; P. ṭillā m. ‘hillock, mound,
heap of grass or timber (used as a raft), raft’; H. ṭīlā m.
‘hillock, mound’.
5452 *ṭalla—
2 ‘piece of cloth’.
K. ḍoḍ. ṭalla ‘clothes’; N. ṭālo ‘piece of cloth, patch’.
Addenda: *ṭalla—2: WPah.poet. ṭalo ‘piece of cloth, cloth’, kṭg.
ṭalli
f. ‘patch on cloth’, J. ṭāllī f. ‘bit of cloth’.
ṭālayati see ṭálati Add2.
†;ṬIK ‘to go’: †;ṭikyatē.
*ṭikk— ‘stop’ see *ṭakk—1 Add2.
5453 *
ṭahall— ‘walk up and down’. [Connexion with
trákhati (ND 241 b 19) unlikely]
K.
ṭahal f. ‘service’,
ṭaholu
m. ‘servant, esp. groom’,
ṭahȧli
m. ‘servant, groom, cowherd’; S.
ṭahalaṇu ‘to go
for a walk or drive’,
ṭahala f. ‘walk, service’,
ṭahaluo m.
‘servant’; L.
ṭehl f. ‘service’; P.
ṭahilṇā ‘to promenade’,
ṭahil f. ‘service’,
ṭahiliā,
°luā m. ‘servant’; Ku.
ṭailaṇo
‘to walk about’,
ṭahal ‘service’; N.
ṭahalnu ‘to roam’,
ṭahal ‘service’,
ṭahaluwā ‘servant’; A.
ṭahaliba ‘to walk
up and down’; B.
ṭahalā ‘id.’,
ṭahaliyā ‘going from
house to house’; Or.
ṭahalibā ‘to walk about’,
ṭahala
‘walking about’,
ṭahaliyā ‘servant’, Mth.
ṭahalū; Bhoj.
ṭahal ‘work’; H.
ṭahalnā,
ṭaharnā ‘to take a walk, die’,
ṭahal f. ‘work’,
ṭahlū m. ‘servant’; G.
ṭ
e
h
e
lvũ,
ṭ
e
l° ‘to go
from house to house begging’,
ṭ
e
h
e
l f. ‘so going’,
ṭ
e
h
e
liyā m. ‘one who so goes’; M.
ṭahalṇẽ,
ṭehal°,
ṭehel°
tr. and intr. ‘to walk about’. — H.
ṭaghalnā,
ṭagharnā
‘to walk about’?
5454 *ṭāṅkana— ‘a kind of horse’. [Cf. ṭaṅkaṇa—2, ṭaṅgaṇa—2
m. ‘name of a people living northwest of Madhyadeśa’
R., Pk. ṭaṁkaṇa— m. ‘a non—Aryan tribe’]
K. ṭā̃gun m. ‘a species of hill pony’, N. ṭā̃gan,
ṭāṅan, B. ṭaṅkan; M. ṭā̃kaṇ, ṭāk° m. ‘a species of small
horse’; — other forms with g ← NW. or Himalayan
source: A. ṭāṅnā ‘a smart horse’; B. ṭāṅgan ‘a species
of pony’, Or. ṭāṅgaṇa; H. ṭā̃gan m. ‘hill pony’; G.
ṭā̃gaṇ n. ‘a species of pony’.
5455 *ṭāḍa— ‘level piece of ground’.
N. ṭār ‘level piece of ground above a stream’, ṭāri
‘unirrigated rice—field’; Bi. ṭāṛ, ṭā̃ṛ ‘stretch of raised
infertile soil’; M. ṭāḷī f. ‘open terrace’.
*ṭāṇṭa—, *ṭāṇṭha— ‘stalk’ see *ḍaṇṭha—.
*ṭān— ‘tighten’ see *ṭan—.
5456 *ṭāppuka— ‘island’.
K. ṭôpu
m., S. L. ṭāpū m., P. ṭāppū m., N. B. Or.
ṭāpu, H. G. M. ṭāpū m., M. ṭāpū̃ n.
*ṭāyara— ‘poor horse’ see next.
5458 *
ṭikka—
1 ‘mark, spot’. [
ṭikkikā— f. ‘white mark on fore-
head of a horse’ VarBr̥S. — Connexion, if any, with
tílaka— and *
ṭillaka— is obscure]
Pk.
ṭikka— n. ‘caste—mark’,
ṭikkida— ‘marked with
one’; Ḍ.
ṭīk
e m. pl. ‘spot’, Sh.
ṭīku̯ m.; K.
ṭyoku
m.
‘caste—mark’; S.
ṭiko m. ‘mark, stain, caste—mark’,
ṭika
f. ‘stone in a ring’, L.
ṭikk f.; L. P.
ṭikkā m. ‘mark’;
WPah. bhad.
ṭikku n. ‘caste—mark’, Ku.
ṭīko m., N.
ṭikā; B. Or.
ṭikā ‘mark’, Bi.
ṭīk, Mth.
ṭīkā,
ṭikulī; H.
ṭīkā m. ‘caste—mark’, Marw.
ṭīko m.; G.
ṭīkɔ m. ‘mark’;
M.
ṭikā m. ‘spot’,
ṭikẽ,
ṭhikẽ n. ‘mole, freckle’; OSi.
ṭik
‘mark’, Si.
tik ‘spot, mark, freckle’.
*
ṭikka—
2 ‘hill’ see *
ṭakka—
3.
Addenda: *
ṭikka—1: S.kcch.
ṭiko m. ‘mark on forehead’;
WPah.kṭg.
ṭikkɔ m. ‘caste—mark (round mark applied
to forehead of women esp. when married), eldest son
of a rājā’, J.
ṭīkā m. ‘heir apparent of a chief’, P.
ṭikkā m. ‘caste—mark, oldest son of a king’.
5459 *ṭikka—
3 ‘cake’.
S. ṭikī f. ‘cake’; L. ṭikkī f. ‘food’; P. ṭikkī f. ‘small
cake’; N. ṭikiyā ‘cake of powdered charcoal’, A. ṭikirā,
B. ṭikā, °ke, Or. ṭikiā; H. ṭikiyā f. ‘id.’, ṭikkaṛ m. ‘thick
cake of bread’; G. ṭīkī f. ‘cake’, ṭikkaṛ m. ‘thick small
cake’; M. ṭiklī f. ‘cake’.
ṭikkikā— see *ṭikka—1.
5460 *ṭiṅkara— ‘stick’. [See list s.v. *ḍakka—2]
L. ṭiṅgrī f. ‘bough’; N. ṭiṅgar ‘contemptuous term
for a tall and thin man’; M. ṭikorā ‘large—sized’, ṭikorṇẽ
n. ‘stick’.
*ṭiṅga— ‘hill’ see *ṭakka—3.
Addenda: *ṭiṅkara— ‘stick’. [Ext. of a *ṭiṅka— ~ *ḍakka—2]
2. †;*ṭiṅkaṭa—: WPah.kṭg. ṭiṅgṛɔ m. ‘top branch’
(rather than with Him.I 81 < *ṭiṅkara—).
5462 *ṭiṇṭa— ‘defective’. [See list s.v. *ṭuṇṭa—2]
L. awāṇ. ṭı̃ṇḍ ‘bald—head’.
5464 *ṭipp—
1 ‘squeeze, nip’. [Poss. same as *ṭippati]
K. ṭĕpun ‘to fill a receptacle forcibly’; S. ṭipaṇu ‘to
squeeze’; Ku. ṭipṇo ‘to pluck’, N. ṭipnu; A. ṭipiba ‘to
squeeze, pinch’; B. ṭipā ‘to pinch’, Or. ṭipibā; H. ṭīpnā
‘to squeeze, press’; G. ṭīpvũ ‘to pick up one by one’,
M. ṭipṇẽ.
*ṭipp—
2 ‘drip’ see *ṭapp—.
*ṭippa—
1 ‘note’ see *ṭippati.
*ṭippa—
2 ‘hill’ see *ṭappa—3.
ṭippaṇa— see *ṭippati.
Addenda: *ṭipp—
1 ‘pinch’ (see *ṭappa—2, †;*ṭippa—3): WPah.kṭg.
ṭipṇõ; ‘to pinch’, kc. ṭipṇo ‘to pick up’.
*ṭipp—
2 ‘drip’ see *ṭapp— Add2.
*ṭippa—
1 ‘note’ see *ṭippati Add2.
*ṭippa—
2 ‘hill’ see ṭappa—3 Add2.
†;*ṭippa—
3 ‘flow’ see *ṭappa—2 Add2.
5465 *ṭippati ‘notes’. 2. *ṭippa—
1 ‘note’. 3. ṭippaṇa—,
°aka-
n., °ṇī— f. ‘commentary, gloss’ BHSk. [Poss. same as
*ṭipp—1 ‘nip, notch’? — BHSk. ṭippiṭaka— < *ṭippita—?
— See *ṭēv—.]
1. G. ṭipvũ ‘to note down’, M. ṭipṇẽ.
2. Ku. ṭīp m., ṭīp—ṭāp ‘bond, document’; M. ṭīp f.
‘list, note’.
3. Pk. ṭippaṇaya— n. ‘commentary’; S. ṭipiṇo m.
‘almanac’; Or. ṭipaṇā ‘note, notch, fingermark’; Bi.
ṭīpan ‘horoscope of boy and girl for marriage’; G.
ṭipṇũ n. ‘almanac’, ṭipṇī f. ‘memorandum’; M. ṭipaṇ n.
‘note’.
*ṭibba—, *ṭimba— ‘hill’ see *ṭappa—3.
*ṭimbaru— ‘a tree’ see tumburu—.
*ṭilla— ‘heap, mound’ see *ṭalla—1.
*ṭillaka— ‘mark’ see tila—2.
ṭīṭibha— see ṭiṭṭibha—.
Addenda: *ṭippati. 2. G. ṭīp f. ‘list, note, document’.
3. ṭippaṇa—: S.kcch. ṭipṇo m. ‘almanac’.
ṭippaṇa— see *ṭippati Add2.
*ṭibba— ‘hill’ see *ṭappa—3 Add2.
5466 *ṭukk— ‘cut, break’. 2. *ṭukka— ‘piece’. [Poss. <
*trukk—, but connexion with √truṭ (as pp. with MIA.
—kk— replacing —ita—) very doubtful]
1. Ash. trikā— ‘to tear’, Kt. tr̥k—; Wg. (Lumsden)
"troka—ún" ‘to tear’, "trúká—ún" ‘to gather’; Paš. ṭug—,
ṭuk— ‘to peck, bite’; K. trukun, ṭukun ‘to crunch’; S. ṭukaṇu
‘to cut, gnaw’; L. ṭukkaṇ ‘to cut’, P. ṭukkṇā; WPah. jaun.
ṭūkṇõmacr; ‘to bite’; N. ṭākun—ṭukun ‘cutting up’; A. ṭukiba ‘to
bite bit by bit’; Or. ṭukibā ‘to eat small particles by picking
them up’.
2. K. truku
m. ‘sound of crunching’, ṭukh (dat. °kas)
m. ‘piece’; S. ṭuku m. ‘cut, hole’; L. ṭukkā m. ‘cut in
a canal’; P. ṭukk m. ‘cut, piece’, ṭuk ‘little’; Ku. ṭūk
‘twig, shoot’; N. ṭuk ‘piece’; B. ṭuk ‘particle denoting a
small quantity’; Bi. Mth. ṭūk ‘piece’; Bhoj. ṭūk ‘piece
of cloth’; OAw. ṭūka—ṭūka m. pl. ‘small pieces’, ṭuka
adv. ‘for a while’; H. ṭūk m. ‘small piece’, ṭuk adj. and
adv. ‘a little’; G. ṭũk, °kũ ‘small, brief’. — Ext. —ḍ—: P.
ṭukkaṛ m. ‘thick piece of bread’, ṭukṛā m. ‘piece’
Ku. ṭukuṛo m. ‘piece’, ṭukaṛi f. ‘scrap, bread’;
N. ṭukro ‘piece, splinter’ (whence ṭukryāunu ‘to break
in pieces’); H. ṭukaṛ, ṭukṛā m. ‘piece’, G. ṭukṛɔ m., M.
tukḍā, ṭu° m.; — with —r—: Paš. ṭƏkur— ‘to seize with the
teeth’ (?); K. ṭukara m. ‘piece’, S. ṭukaru, ṭukiro m.;
L. ṭukkur (pl. °kar) m. ‘piece of bread’; A. ṭukurā ‘small
piece’, B. ṭukrā, Or. ṭukurā, Bi. ṭukrī ‘quarter of a
cake’; — —ll—: Ku. ṭukulo ‘shoot, twig’; Or. ṭukulī ‘girl’.
Connexion with N. tukuni, ṭu° ‘small liquid measure’,
M. tukṇẽ ‘to weigh’, tūk n. ‘weighing’ is very doubtful.
Addenda: *ṭukk—. 1. WPah.kṭg. (kc.) ṭvkṇõ; ‘to bite, eat’, J.
ṭukṇā.
2. *ṭukka—: WPah.kṭg. ṭvkṛɔ m. ‘piece, morsel’.
5467 *ṭugga— ‘defective’. 2. *ṭuṅga—2. 3. *ṭōṅga—2.
[~ *ṭhugga—: see list s.v. *ṭuṇṭa—2]
1. Mth. ṭūgar ‘orphaned of one parent’.
2. Bi. (North of Ganges) ṭũgnī ‘cutting ears of corn
without stalks’, (SMunger) ṭũgnā ‘ear of wheat’ (but
see śuṅga—); H. ṭũgā m. ‘docked tail’.
3. M. ṭõ;g ‘wilful’ ṭõ;gaḷ ‘thick and rude’.
*ṭuṅka—, *ṭuṅga—
1 ‘hill’ see *ṭakka—3.
*ṭuṅga—
2 ‘defective’ see *ṭugga—.
*ṭuṅga—
3 ‘navel’ see tundi—.
*ṭuḍḍa— ‘defective’ see *ṭuṇṭa—2.
*ṭuṇṭa—
1 ‘mouth’ see tuṇḍa—.
5468 *ṭuṇṭa—
2 ‘defective’. 2. *ṭōṭṭa—2. 3. *ṭōṇta—2.
4. *ṭuḍḍa—. 5. *ṭuṇḍa—2. 6. *ṭunna—. 7. *tōṭṭa—2. [Cf.
ṭuṇṭuka—, ṭōṭa— ‘small’ ← Mu. PMWS 150. — Other
variants: *ṭaṭṭa— (*taṭṭa—2, *ṭugga— (*ṭuṅga—2, *ṭōṅga—2),
*ṭulla—, *ṭhugga— (*ṭhuṅga—), *ṭhuṭṭha— (*ṭhuṇṭha—,
*ṭhōṭṭha—, *ṭhōṇṭha—), *ṭhōbba— (*ṭhōmba—), *ṭhōssa—,
*ḍōkka—2, *ḍuṇṭa— (*ḍuḍḍa—2, *ḍuṇḍa—2, *ḍōṭṭa—,
*ḍōṇṭa—2), *ḍussa—, *ḍhōṭṭa—, *duḍḍa—2, *dhōkka—2,
*ṭiṇṭa—, *ṭhiṭṭha— (*ṭhēṭṭha—, *ṭhēṇṭha—, *thiṭṭha—,
*thēṭṭha—, *thēṇṭha—), *ṭhiṅga—2 (*ṭhēṅga—2), *ḍhilla—2
*ḍhēlla—2. — Other ‘defective’ word—groups with
similar variations s.vv. kuṇṭha—, *naṭṭa—, baṇḍá—,
*bukka—4, *maṭṭa—, *lakka—1, vaṇṭa—2, *śaṭṭa—]
1. Pk. ṭuṁṭa— ‘having the hands cut off’; K. ṭunḍa m.
‘one who has a naturally crooked or withered arm’; L.
ṭuṇḍ, °ḍur m. ‘stump (of tree or limb)’, ṭuṇḍā ‘maimed,
branchless’; P. ṭuṇḍ m. ‘handless arm, withered hand,
bare trunk of tree’, ṭuṇḍā ‘wanting a hand, having broken
arms’, m. ‘shrivelled or paralysed hand’; H. ṭuṇṭā
‘handless’; G. ṭũṭḷũ ‘having a weakness or defect in the
hands’, ṭũṭ—mũṭ ‘shattered’.
2. A. B. ṭoṭā ‘stump’.
3. L. awāṇ. ṭūṇḍā ‘decrepit’; H. ṭõ;ṭā ‘handless’.
4. S. ṭuḍ̱o, °ḍ̱iṛo ‘crippled or maimed in the hands’.
5. H. ṭuṇḍ m. ‘stump of branch or arm’, ṭuṇḍā ‘hand-
less’; G. ṭuṇḍũ ‘having crooked hands or weak arms,
arrogant’.
6. H. ṭunnā m. ‘stump, nipple, clitoris’.
7. Gaw. tōṭa ‘blunt’.
ṭuṇṭuka— see *ṭuṇṭa—2.
*ṭuṇḍa—
1 ‘mouth’ see tuṇḍa—.
*ṭuṇḍa—
2 ‘defective’ see *ṭuṇṭa—2.
*ṭuṇḍi— ‘navel’ see tundi—.
*ṭunna— ‘defective’ see *ṭuṇṭa—2.
*ṭupp— ‘drip’ see *ṭapp—.
Addenda: *ṭuṇṭa—2: WPah.kṭg. ṭvnḍ m. ‘branchless tree’, ṭvṇḍɔ
‘blunt, one—armed’, J. ṭuṇḍā.
5469 *ṭubb— ‘sink, dive’. [Cf. *ḍubb—]
S. ṭuḇaṇu ‘to sink, dive’; L. ṭubbaṇ, (Ju.) ṭuḇḇaṇ ‘to dive,
clean out a well’; P. ṭubbṇā ‘to dive’; — S. ṭuḇī f. ‘a dive’,
L. ṭubbī f.; P. ṭubbī f. ‘diving, sinking a well’; Or. ṭuba
‘small pools full of water’, ṭubā ‘diving’; — S. ṭoḇo m.
‘diver’; L. ṭobā m. ‘diver, well—cleaner, diving bird’; P.
ṭobī f. ‘diving’, ṭobhā m. ‘diver’.
*ṭumba— ‘hill’ see *tappa—3.
Addenda: *ṭubb—: S.kcch. ṭubbī f. ‘a dive’.
*ṭēkk— ‘stop’ see *ṭakk—1 Add2.
5470 *ṭulla— ‘defective’. [See list s.v. *ṭuṇṭa—2]
M. ṭullū ‘dwarfish, short and thickset’, m. ‘childish
penis’.
*ṭūṭṭa— ‘mouth’ see tuṇḍa—.
5471 *ṭūssa— ‘small bit, bud, shoot’. [Connexion, if any
with túṣa— is not clear]
P. ṭūsā m. ‘bud of wild cotton’; Ku. ṭuso, ṭoso (pl.
ṭwāsā) ‘blade of grass, sprout’ (whence ṭusṇo ‘to
germinate’), N. ṭuso; B. ṭusi, ṭosā ‘drop, particle’; H.
ṭūsā m. ‘shoot’.
*ṭēkk— ‘stop’ see ṭakk—1.
*ṭēkka—, *ṭēṅga— ‘hill’ see *ṭakka—3.
*ṭēpp— ‘drip’ see *ṭapp—.
5472 *ṭēppa—
1 ‘fringe’.
N. ṭepro ‘foreskin’; B. ṭep ‘border or end of cloth’.
*ṭēppa—2, *ṭēmba— ‘hill’ see *ṭappa—3.
*ṭēmbaru— ‘a tree’ see tumburu—.
5473 *ṭēr— ‘notice’.
N. ṭernu ‘to notice, regard’, ṭer ‘attention’, B. ṭer,
Or. ṭera; H. ṭernā ‘to call out’, ṭer f. ‘summons’. -
Conn. with WPah. pāḍ. paṅ. cur. ṭīr ‘eye’ very doubtful.
Addenda: *ṭēr—: WPah.kṭg. ṭēr f. ‘request, urge’.
5475 *
ṭēv— ‘appoint, fix’. [Poss. < *
ṭēp—: cf. words for
‘horoscope’ s.v. *
ṭippati]
S.
ṭeva f. ‘habit’; P.
ṭevā m. ‘birth record from which
horoscope is calculated’; N.
ṭewā ‘support, prop’; H.
ṭew f.,
ṭewā m. ‘habit’, G.
ṭev f.; M.
ṭev f. ‘fancy’,
ṭevaṇ
n. ‘appointed time or place’.
Addenda: *
ṭēv—: WPah.kṭg. (Wkc.)
ṭ
e
uṇõ; ‘to arrange, manage’,
kṭg.
ṭewi
f. ‘wooden peg attaching yoke to pole’
Him.I 79.
5476 *ṭōkk— ‘strike, bite’. 2. *ṭōkka—2. 3. *ṭōkkarā—.
[Cf. *ṭhōkk— and *ṭukk—]
1. S. ṭokaṇu ‘to scold’; P. ṭokṇā ‘to hinder’; WPah.
khaś. ṭokknū ‘to fix in, interrupt’; Ku. ṭokṇo ‘to
destroy, reprimand’; N. ṭoknu ‘to snap at, bite’; A.
ṭokan ‘heavy stick, club’; B. ṭokā ‘to thwart’; Or. ṭokibā
‘to reprove, stumble’; Mth. ṭokab ‘to question’; H.
ṭoknā ‘to check, blame, question’; G. ṭokvũ, ṭɔ̃kvũ ‘to
scold’; M. ṭokṇẽ ‘to challenge’.
2. K. ṭŏkh (dat. °kas) m. ‘hammering’; Ash. ṭoká
‘nail, peg’, Kt. tku (NTS ii 281 < *ṭhōkk—); Ku. ṭok
‘rebuke’, ṭoko ‘prop, obstacle’; A. ṭok—ṭok ‘sound of
gentle repeated knocking’; G. ṭok f. ‘goading’; Si. ṭokka
(pl. ṭoku) ‘blow on the head’ (or < *ṭhōkk—).
3. S. ṭokara f. ‘knock’; B. ṭokar ‘rap’; G. ṭokar f.
‘knock’, ṭokrī f. ‘tongue of a bell’.
Addenda: *ṭōkk—: Garh. ṭokṇu ‘to hinder, check’.
5477 *ṭōkka—
1 ‘basket’. 2. *ṭhōkka—. [Cf. *dhōkka—1]
1. B. ṭokā ‘hat of basketwork’; Or. ṭokāi ‘basket’, M.
ṭõ;kvī. — Ext. —r—: K. ṭūkürü
f. ‘basket’, S. ṭokiro m., °rī
f., P. ṭokrā m.; WPah. bhal. ṭukru m. ‘small basket of
wicker and clay’; Ku. ṭokrī f. ‘basket’, N. ṭokrā, °ri
(ṭokaṛi ← Bi.?), B. ṭokrā, Or. ṭukurā, Bi. ṭokṛā (hyper-
hindiism with ṛ for r), H. ṭokrā m., °rī f.; M. ṭokar m.
‘circular leathern basket’, ṭokrā m. ‘basket’; — with
—n—: Or. (dial.) ṭukanā, ṭukini.
2. N. ṭhokro ‘quiver’, ṭhokre ‘maker of clay vessels’.
*ṭōkka—2, *ṭōkkarā— ‘blow’ see *ṭōkk—.
Addenda: *ṭōkka—: WPah.kṭg. ṭokrɔ, °ru m. ‘basket’, Md.
ṭukuri.
†;*ṭōṭa— see *ṭōṭṭa—1.
5478 *ṭōṅka— ‘beak’. 2. ṭōṅga—1. 3. *ṭhōṅga—. [See list
s.v. tuṇḍa—]
1. H. ṭõ;k f. ‘beak, point’, M. ṭõ;k, ṭõ;krī f. — Poss. Wg.
ṭõmacr;ka, tūṅga ‘scorpion’, Shum. ṭä̃ukƏ (NTS xvii 307 cf.
N. ṭhuṅnu see below).
2. H. ṭõ;g f. ‘beak, point’.
3. S. ṭhoṅgo m. ‘peck’; P. ṭhū̃gṇā ‘to peck’, Ku.
ṭhuṅṇo, N. ṭhuṅnu; A. ṭhõ;gonā ‘blow on cheek’; H. ṭhõ;g
f. ‘beak’, ṭhõ;gnā, ṭhū̃gnā ‘to peck’.
*ṭōṅga—
1 ‘beak’ see prec.
*ṭōṅga—
2 ‘defective’ see *ṭugga—.
*ṭōcca—, *ṭōñca— ‘beak’ see *cōṇṭa—.
5479 *ṭōṭṭa—
1 ‘hollow stick, tube, hole’. 2. *ṭōṇṭa—
1
3. * ḍuḍḍa—1. [Same as *ṭōṭṭa—2, *ḍuḍḍa—2?]
1. S. ṭoṭo m. ‘piece of stick’; P. ṭoṭṭā m. ‘candle—end’,
ṭoṭṭī f. ‘joint of bamboo’; Ku. ṭoṭo ‘hole’; N. ṭoṛko
(< *ṭoṭko) ‘big hole in a tree’; H. ṭoṭā m. ‘hollow
bamboo tube, cartridge’ (in latter sense → K. ṭoṭa m.,
A. B. Or. M. ṭoṭā ‘cartridge’, N. ṭoṭā ‘fired cartridge
case’); G. ṭoṭɔ m. ‘pipe, throat, cracker’.
2. Bhoj. ṭõmacr;ṭī ‘pipe’.
3. P. ḍuḍḍ f. ‘mouse—hole’, duṛ(h) f. ‘wolf's den’ (see
*dula—).
*ṭōṭṭa—
2 ‘defective’ see *ṭuṇṭa—2.
*ṭōṭṭa—
3 ‘mouth’ see tuṇḍa—.
*ṭōṇṭa—
1 ‘tube’ see *ṭōṭṭa—1.
*ṭōṇṭa—
2 ‘defective’ see *ṭuṇṭa—2.
*ṭōṇṭa—
3 ‘mouth’ see tuṇḍa—.
*ṭōṇḍi— ‘navel’ see tundi—.
Addenda: *ṭōṭṭa—
1. 4. †;*ṭōṭa—: S.kcch. ṭoṛī f. ‘bamboo stick’.
5480 *ṭōna— ‘sorcery’. [If, ac. to W.Wüst RM 3, 5 ff., ṭ— may
be non—Aryan adaptation of IA. ś— (or vice versa?), then
poss. < *ṭakuna— < śakuná— ‘bird of omen’ RV. (cf.
śakunī— f. ‘demon’, °nikā— f. ‘attendant on Skanda’ MBh.
and further śākiná— ‘ep. of Indra’ RV., śākinī— f. ‘atten-
dant on Durgā’: see ḍākinī—) rather than with Wüst
loc. cit. p. 10 < śuná n. ‘prosperity’ ŚBr. (J. C. W.)]
S. ṭoṇo m. ‘witchcraft’, P. ṭoṇā, ṭūṇā m.; WPah. bhal.
ṭoṇo m. ‘spell, charm’; Ku. ṭōṇo, ṭūṇo ‘sorcery’, N.
ṭuṇā (whence ṭuṇyāhā ‘wizard’), Or. ṭuṇā, OAw. ṭonā,
H. ṭonā, ṭaunā m., G. ṭoṇũ n. (changed to —ṭumaṇ in
kāmaṇ—ṭumaṇ n.); M. ṭāṇā—ṭoṇā m. ‘juggling’.
*ṭōndi— ‘navel’ see tundi—.
ṭōpara— see *tōba— and ṭōppa—2.
*ṭōpp— ‘drip’ see *tapp—.
5481 *ṭōppa—
1 ‘hat, covering’. [Late Sk. ṭuppikā— f. ‘a partic.
article of clothing’, ṭōpikā— f. ‘turban’ W.Wüst RM
3, 75 ff.: connexion with āṭōpa— (whether with PMWS
18 ← Mu. or with Wüst non—Aryan change of *āśōpha—)
is very doubtful. — Same as *ṭōppa—2?]
Pk. ṭōpiā— f. ‘helmet’; Dm. ṭópai ‘peak’ NTS xii 193;
Gaw. ṭopı̄́ ‘hat, cap’, Bshk. ṭō̤p K. ṭōpa m. ‘cap’,
ṭūpi
f. ‘skull—cap’; S. ṭopu m., °pī f. ‘hat’, L. ṭopī f.,
awāṇ. ṭōp, P. ṭop, ṭoppā m., ṭoppī, ṭopī f.; WPah. bhal.
ṭopu m. ‘cap’, jaun. ṭōp ‘hookah bowl’, ṭōpī ‘cotton cap’;
N. ṭop ‘helmet’, ṭopi ‘hat, cap’, ṭopā ‘opening of a mine’;
A. ṭupi ‘hat, cap’, B. Or. ṭopi, ṭupi, Bi. Bhoj. Aw. lakh.
ṭōpī, H. ṭop, °pā m., °pī f.; G. ṭop m., °pī f. ‘hat’, ṭopũ n.
‘eyelid’; M. ṭop m., °pī f. ‘hat’, ṭopā m. ‘rain—hood’. -
Verb or verbal noun; Ku. ṭopṇo m. ‘umbrella of reeds
and leaves’; H. ṭopnā ‘to cover’; M. ṭopaṇ n. ‘lid’. -
Ext. —ḍ—: Ku. ṭopaṛyūṇo ‘to thatch’; Mth. ṭopaṛ ‘a kind
of plaster applied to feet or limbs to prevent ague’; -
—r—: B. ṭopar ‘bridegroom's tinsel crown’; Or. ṭopara
‘hat’, (Sambhalpur) ṭupar ‘eye—shade’; — —l—: N.
ṭopalnu ‘to pretend’?
Addenda: *ṭōppa—1: S.kcch. ṭopī f. ‘top of a hookah’; WPah.kṭg.
(kc.) ṭoppɔ m., kṭg. ṭoppi
f. ‘small cap’, poet. ṭopu,
ṭopṛu m. ‘cap’; Md. tofi (totpek) ‘cap’.
5482 *ṭōppa—
2 ‘basket—work’. [Cf. ṭōpara— ‘small bag’
Dhūrtas. (but see *tōba—). — Same as *ṭōppa—1?]
Or. ṭupā ‘big basket’. — Ext. —r—: WPah. jaun. ṭŏprī
‘basket’; Ku. ṭopro m. ‘deep basket’; — —ll—: Or. ṭuplī
‘little basket’; G. ṭoplɔ m. ‘basket’, M. ṭoplā m.
5483 *ṭōla— ‘division, party’. 2. *ṭōlla—. 3. *tōla—. [Conn.
with pratōlī— (ND 247 b 46) very doubtful]
1. K. ṭola m. ‘any clan of high—caste Hindus’; S. ṭoro
m. ‘flock of sheep, herd, gang’; L. ṭolā m. ‘herd (of
bulls)’, ṭolī f. ‘pack (of wolves or jackals)’; Ku. ṭolo m.
‘line of houses’, ṭolī f. ‘party’, ṭolko m. ‘herd, flock’; N.
ṭol ‘division of a town, party, gang’; A. ṭol ‘premises’;
B. ṭol ‘shed, school’, ṭuli ‘quarter of a town’; H. ṭol m.
‘hamlet, party’, ṭolā m. ‘quarter of a town’, ṭolī f.
‘quarter of a town, group, band’; G. ṭoḷũ n. ‘flock of
sheep’, ṭoḷkī f. ‘band’; M. ṭōḷī f. ‘flock of sheep’.
2. S. ṭolo m. ‘party’, ṭolī f. ‘band of musicians’; P.
ṭollā, ṭolā m. ‘clan, quarter of a town’; Or. ṭola ‘Sanskrit
school’, ṭulā ‘hamlet, part of a village’; Mth. ṭol ‘village,
quarter of a town’; — perh. also the forms of K. L. Ku.
N. A. B. H. above.
3. A. tul ‘herd of cattle, company, society’.
Addenda: *ṭōla—. 2. *ṭōlla—: WPah.kṭg. ṭolli
f. ‘bundle of grass
piled round a pole’.
*ṭōlla— ‘party’ see *ṭōla— Add2.
5484 *ṭōll— ‘wander’. [Connexion with turáti very doubtful,
but cf. NIA. forms with ṭur— ~ tur— and with ḍul— ~
dul— s.v. √dul]
S. ṭolāko m. ‘wandering’, ṭulkaṇu ‘to wander’; P.
ṭolaṇā ‘to search for’; Ku. ṭolyūṇo ‘to neglect’; N.
ṭol(h)inu ‘to be doing nothing, look bewildered’,
ṭol(h)āunu ‘to get puzzled’, ṭol(h)o ‘absent—minded
person’.
*ṭōlla— ‘party’ see *ṭōla—.
5485 *ṭōss— ‘strike’. [Cf. *ṭhōss—]
K. ṭūsu
m. ‘blow with clenched fist’, ṭōsā—ṭōs f.
‘mutual cudgelling’; Ku. ṭoso ‘fit of anger’.
5486 *ṭōh— ‘grope’.
P. ṭohṇā, ṭuhuṇā ‘to feel about, seek out’; WPah.
(Joshi) ṭoṇu ‘to seek by touch’; H. ṭohnā ‘to feel for’,
ṭoh f. ‘touch, search’, ṭoā m. ‘groping’.
ṭválati see ṭálati.
Addenda: *ṭōh—: WPah.kṭg. ṭɔı̃
f. ‘desire, craving’.
5487 *ṭhakk—
1 ‘clatter’. [Onom.]
K. ṭhākun ‘to hammer’; S. ṭhakāu m. ‘clatter’, P.
ṭhak—ṭhak; N. ṭhakṭhakyāunu ‘to knock against’, ṭhāk-
ṭhuk ‘thumping and bumping’, ṭhakkar ‘collision’;
A. B. ṭhak—ṭhak ‘clatter’, Oṛ ṭhaka—ṭhaka, H. G. M.
ṭhak—ṭhak; Si. ṭaka—pōruva ‘piece of board (pōruva)
hung on a tree to frighten birds’.
*ṭhakk—
2 ‘cheat’ see *ṭhagg—.
*ṭhakka— ‘bald’ see *ṭakka—2.
Addenda: *ṭhakk—
2 ‘cheat’ see *ṭhagg— Add2.
5489 *ṭhagg— ‘cheat’. 2. *ṭhakk—
2. 3. *ṭhaṅg—. [Con-
nexion with sthagayati ‘hides’ VarBr̥S., sthaga— ‘dis-
honest’ LM 340 very doubtful. Still more doubtful is
the proposal of W. Wüst RM 3, 9 and 12 to connect with
*ḍākka—1 and make both non—Aryan borrowings from
śā́ka—. — → Par. ṭag ‘mud’ IIFL i 296, but cf. *tagga—]
1. Pk. ṭhagiya— ‘cheated’; K. ṭhagun ‘to cheat, rob’, S.
ṭhaǥaṇu, L. (Ju.) ṭhaǥaṇ, P. ṭhaggṇā, Ku. ṭhagṇo, N.
ṭhagnu, A. ṭhagiba, H. ṭhagnā, G. ṭhagvũ; — Pk. ṭhaga-
m. ‘thief’, Sh. ṭha̯g m., K. ṭhag m., S. ṭhaǥu m., L. ṭhaǥ
m., P. ṭhagg m., Ku. A. B. ṭhag, Or. OAw. ṭhaga, lakh.
H. G. M. ṭhag m.
2. Paš. ṭhak m. ‘thief’; B. ṭhakāna ‘to deceive’, Or.
ṭhakibā, ṭhaka, Mth. ṭhakab, ṭhak; M. ṭhakṇẽ ‘to be
deceived’, ṭhak m. ‘thief’.
3. G. ṭhā̃gũ n. ‘knavery’.
*ṭhaṅg— ‘cheat’ see prec.
Addenda: *ṭhagg—. 1. S.kcch. ṭhagg(h) m. ‘rogue’, ṭhagṇū ‘to
cheat’, Garh. ṭhagṇu.
2. ṭhakk—: Md. ṭekum ‘cheating’.
5490 *ṭhaṭṭh— ‘strike’. [Onom.?]
N. ṭhaṭāunu ‘to strike, beat’, ṭhaṭāi ‘striking’,
ṭhaṭāk—ṭhuṭuk ‘noise of beating’; H. ṭhaṭhānā ‘to beat’,
ṭhaṭhāī f. ‘noise of beating’.
*ṭhaṭṭha—1, *ṭhaṭṭha—2?
5491 *ṭhaṭṭha—
1 ‘brass’. [Onom. from noise of hammering
brass? — *ṭhaṭṭh—]
N. ṭhaṭṭar ‘an alloy of copper and bell metal’.
*ṭhaṭṭhakara—, *ṭhaṭṭhakāra—.
5492 *ṭhaṭṭha—
2 ‘joke’. [From noise of laughing? Cf. Eng.
‘to crack jokes’. — *ṭhaṭṭh—]
K. ṭhaṭha m. ‘joke, ridicule’, S. ṭhaṭho m., P. ṭhaṭṭhā
m., Ku. N. ṭhaṭṭā; A. ṭhāṭā ‘joke, taunt’; B. ṭhāṭṭā
‘joke’, Or. ṭhaṭā, thaṭā, thaṭṭā, H. ṭhaṭṭhā m., G.
ṭhaṭṭhɔ m., M. ṭhaṭṭhā, thaṭṭā. — Phal. ṭhāṭḗki ‘ogress,
witch’ NOPhal 51 (or deformation of *ḍākka—2?).
5493 *ṭhaṭṭhakāra— ‘brass worker’. 2. *ṭhaṭṭhakara—.
[*ṭhaṭṭha—1, kāra—1]
1. Pk. ṭhaṭṭhāra— m., K. ṭhõdotdot;ṭhur m., S. ṭhā̃ṭhāro m.,
P. ṭhaṭhiār, °rā m.
2. P. ludh. ṭhaṭherā m., Ku. ṭhaṭhero m., N. ṭhaṭero,
Bi. ṭhaṭherā, Mth. ṭhaṭheri, H. ṭhaṭherā m.
*ṭhaṇḍha— ‘cold’ see stabdha—.
5494 *ṭhan— ‘jingle, clang’. [Onom.]
P. ṭhaṇakṇā ‘to jingle’, ṭhaṇākā m. ‘jingling’; B.
ṭhan—ṭhan ‘clanging’, Or. ṭhaṇa—ṭhaṇa, H. ṭhan—ṭhan;
G. ṭhaṇṭhaṇvũ ‘to clank’, ṭhaṇakvũ ‘to beat, throb’; M.
ṭhaṇ—ṭhaṇ ‘with the sound of hammering’, ṭhaṇṭhaṇṇẽ
‘to clank, beat, throb’, ṭhaṇkāviṇẽ ‘to ring (of a vessel)’.
5495 *ṭhapp— ‘strike, press’. [Cf. *thapp—]
S. ṭhapaṇu ‘to beat out (metals)’, ṭhapo m. ‘seal’; L.
ṭhappaṇ ‘to close a book’, ṭhappā m. ‘stroke, stamp’; P.
ṭhappṇā ‘to strike, close a book, stamp, print’; Ku. ṭhāp
‘thumb impression, seal’; N. ṭhappā ‘a partic. rhythm
in music’; B. ṭhāpāna ‘to press home (in copulating)’,
ṭhāp ‘so doing’; H. ṭhappā m. ‘stamp, mould’; G. ṭhapkɔ
m. ‘rebuke’; M. ṭhapkārṇẽ ‘to strike’.
Addenda: *ṭhapp— [Cf. also Pk. ṭhappa— ‘to be put, fit to be set
up’ < †;sthāpya—]
5496 *ṭhamm— ‘jingle, display’. [Onom.—Semant. cf. ḍam-
bara—]
N. ṭham—ṭham ‘display, arrogance, smartness’,
ṭhamṭhamāunu ‘to swagger’; B. ṭhāma ‘elegant’; Or.
ṭhamaka ‘affected gait’; G. ṭham—ṭham ‘jingling’,
ṭhamkɔ m. ‘jingling, strutting’, ṭhamṭhamāhaṭ f. ‘pride’;
M. ṭhamakṇẽ ‘to mince, strut’.
Addenda: *ṭhamm—: cf. OP. ṭhimaṇu ‘to mince’, P. ṭhimakṇā,
ṭhumakṇā.
5497 *ṭhalla— ‘empty’.
Pk. ṭhalla— ‘poor, penniless’, ṭhaliya— ‘empty’; S.
ṭhalho ‘empty’, ṭhalhi ‘unproductive’, ṭhalhaṇu ‘to put
a stop to’; P. ṭhallh f. ‘stoppage, obstruction’; H. ṭhālā
‘unemployed’, ṭhāl f. ‘leisure’; OG. ṭhālaü ‘empty’, G.
ṭhālũ ‘empty, unemployed’.
5498 *ṭhas— ‘display’.
N. ṭhassā, ṭhasak ‘ostentatious expenditure’, ṭhaskanu
‘to show discontent’; B. H. ṭhasak f. ‘foppishness’; G.
ṭhaskɔ m. ‘haughtiness’; M. ṭhasak f. ‘daintiness’.
5499 *ṭhass— ‘press down’. [Cf. *thass—, *ṭhōss—]
Gy. wel. gr. tas— ‘to be suffocated’, tasav— ‘to
throttle’, pal. tăsnauăr ‘throttles’; K. ṭhāsun ‘to hammer
into’, ṭhā̆s m. ‘crash, bang’; P. ṭhasṇā ‘to be forced in’,
ṭhā̃sṇā ‘to force in’; Ku. ṭhā̃sṇo ‘to thrust, cram’; N.
ṭhos—ṭhās ‘poking’; A. ṭhāhiba ‘to ram down’; B. thāsā
‘to knead, cram’; Or. ṭhāsibā ‘to cram’, ṭhasā ‘a mould’;
H. ṭhāsnā, ṭhā̃snā ‘to press down’, ṭhas ‘closely pressed’;
G. ṭhā̃svũ ‘to cram’, ṭhasvũ intr. ‘to sink in’, ṭhas(s)ɔ m.
‘impression’, ṭhas ‘closely’; M. ṭhāsṇẽ, ṭhā̃sṇẽ ‘to cram’,
ṭhasṇẽ ‘to sink in deeply’, ṭhās, ṭhā̃s ‘closely rammed’.
*ṭhān— ‘tighten’ see *ṭan—.
*ṭhāla— ‘branch’ see ḍāla—1.
Addenda: *ṭhass—: cf. OP. ṭhāhaṇu ‘to grieve, distress’?
5500 *ṭhiṅga—
1 ‘block, stick, leg’. 2. *ṭhēṅga—. [See list s.v.
*ḍakka—2]
1. P. ṭhiṅgā m. ‘stick’; N. ṭhiṅro, ṭhiṅuro, ṭhiũro
‘stocks, fetter’; M. ṭhı̃gā ‘stick, block socket for post’,
ṭhı̃gḍā m. ‘cudgel’.
2. P. ṭhı̄̃gā m. ‘stick’; N. ṭhyā̃gro, ṭheṅro ‘stocks, fetter’;
A. ṭheṅgā ‘pantaloons’ (< ‘*legs’?); B. ṭheṅg ‘leg’,
ṭheṅgā ‘cudgel’; Or. ṭheṅga ‘leg’, ṭheṅgā ‘cudgel’; H.
ṭhẽgā m. ‘bludgeon’; M. ṭhẽgā m. ‘stick’, ṭhẽgḍā m.
‘cudgel’.
5501 *ṭhiṅga—
2 ‘defective’. 2. *ṭhēṅga—
2. [Cf. *ṭhiṭṭha-
and list s.v. *ṭuṇṭa—2]
1. P. ṭhiṅgṇā ‘dwarfish’, H. ṭhı̃gnā, G. ṭhı̃gṇũ.
2. B. ṭheṅguyā ‘broken, weak, defective’; M. ṭhẽgā,
ṭhẽgyā, ṭhẽgṇā ‘dwarfish’.
5502 *ṭhiṭṭha— ‘defective’. 2. *ṭhēṭṭha—. 3. *ṭhēṇṭha—.
4. *thiṭṭha—. 5. *thēṭṭha—. 6. *thēṇṭha—. [Cf.
*ṭhiṅga—2, and list s.v. *ṭuṇṭa—2]
1. P. ṭhiṭṭh ‘bad’; N. ṭhiṭo ‘young calf just weaned,
lad’, ṭhiṭi ‘girl’, ṭhiṛke ‘a person with short sinewy legs’;
B. ṭhiṭā ‘impudent’; G. ṭhī̆ṭhũ ‘useless’.
2. P. ṭheṭhar ‘ruined’; N. ṭheṭā ‘substance rejected in
making rice beer’, ṭheṭnu ‘half—cooked, inexperienced’,
ṭheṭnā—meṭnā ‘the scum of society’.
3. M. ṭhẽṭā ‘short, scant’. 4. M. thiṭā. 5. M. theṭā.
6. M. thẽṭā.
*ṭhipp— ‘drip’ see *tapp—.
*ṭhibba— ‘flattened’ see *thēbba—
Addenda: *ṭhiṭṭha—. 7. †;*ṭhiṇṭa—: WPah.poet. ṭhīṇḍ m. ‘lazy and
idle person’, J. ṭhı̃ḍ m. ‘a youth’, ṭhı̃ḍṇu ‘to play a
trick’, cam. ṭhiṇḍ ‘ignorant’.
5503 *ṭhīkka— ‘firm, right’. [Prob. < *ṭhiakka— < sthitá—.
Cf. Pk. ṭhiaa— ‘upright’, or *ṭhiikka— cf. Aś. man. cira-
ṭhitika— ‘lasting long’, kāl. cila—ṭhitikya—. H. Smith JA
1950, 194 with *ṭhikka— as replacement of ṭhia— (as
ḍakka—, chikka— of daṭṭha—, chivia—) does not explain ī of
K. S. P.]
K. ṭhīkun ‘to stand firm’; S. ṭhīku ‘correct’, P. Ku.
ṭhīk, N. A. B. ṭhik; Or. ṭhika ‘stability, accuracy’,
ṭhikibā ‘to be fixed, be obstructed, strike against’; Mth.
Bhoj. H. G. M. ṭhīk ‘firm, correct’. — Poss. also in the
following (but cf. similar forms s.v. *ṭhēkk—): P.
ṭhikāṇā m. ‘station’; A. B. Or. ṭhikā ‘piecework’;
A. Or. ṭhikanā ‘certainty’; B. ṭhikānā ‘station’; Mth.
H. ṭhīkā m. ‘piecework’ (H. also ṭhekā m.); H. ṭhikānā
m. ‘station’; OMarw. ṭhīka m. ‘trace, whereabouts’;
M. ṭhikāṇ, °ṇā m. ‘abode’.
Addenda: *ṭhīkka—: WPah.kṭg. ṭhı̄́k ‘accurate’.
5504 *ṭhīkkara— ‘potsherd’.
Pk. ṭhikkariā— f. ‘potsherd’, S. ṭhikaru m., °kirī f., L.
ṭhīkrī f., P. ṭhīkar, ṭhīkrā m., °rī f., H. ṭhīkrā m., °rī f.,
Marw. ṭhīkro m.; G. ṭhīkrũ n. ‘earthen vessel’, °rī f.
‘potsherd’, M. ṭhikrī f.
5505 *ṭhugga— ‘defective’. 2. *ṭhuṅga—. [~ *ṭugga—: see
list s.v. *ṭuṇṭa—2]
1. P. ṭhuggā ‘idiotic, stupid’.
2. Or. ṭhuṅgā ‘lopped off, pollard, naked, solitary’;
H. ṭhũgnā ‘dwarfish’.
*ṭhuṅga— ‘defective’ see prec.
5506 *ṭhuṭṭha— ‘defective’. 2. *ṭhuṇṭha—. 3. *ṭhōṭṭha—.
4. *ṭhōṇṭha—2. [See list s.v. *ṭuṇṭa—2]
1. S. ṭhuṭhu ‘stupid’, ṭhuṭhyo m. ‘thumb held up in
representation of penis’ (semant. cf. *ṭhōssa—); L. ṭhuṭṭh
m. ‘thumb held up as a sign of rejection’, awāṇ. ṭhuṭh
‘stump’; N. ṭhuṭo ‘polled, hairless, hornless, stump (of
tree or maize)’, ṭhuṭi ‘wicked woman, shrew’; Or.
ṭhuṭhā ‘lopped, pollard, fingerless, leprous’; Bi. (Patna)
ṭhuṭṭhā ‘blighted and empty head of small millet’,
(SE) ṭhūṭhā ‘hornless bullock’; M. ṭhūṭā ‘reduced to
a stump’.
2. Pk. ṭhuṁṭha— m.n. ‘stump’; Ku. ṭhuno ‘half—burnt
log’, ṭhunlo ‘fingerless hand (such as a leper's)’, ṭhuniṇo
‘to be limbless’, tikho—ṭhunno ‘long and sharp—nosed’;
N. ṭhũṛo ‘half—burnt log’; B. ṭhũṭā ‘maimed, stump’;
Or. ṭhuṇṭhā ‘maimed’, ṭhuṇṭā, thu° ‘lopped, shorn’;
Bi. ṭhũṭhā ‘blighted and empty head of small millet’;
Bhoj. ṭhũṭh ‘leafless tree’; H. ṭhū̃ṭh m. ‘stump’, ṭhū̃ṭhā
‘lopped, amputated’; G. ṭhũṭhũ ‘handless’, n. ‘stump’;
M. ṭhũṭhaṇ n. ‘stump (of tree or limb)’.
3. S. ṭhoṭho ‘withered’; P. ṭhoṭṭh ‘stupid’; Ku. ṭhoṭo
‘anything hollow’ (but see *ṭōṭṭa—1); N. ṭhoṭari ‘tor-
toise’ (< *ṭhoṭṭa—ḍiā ‘limbless’); H. ṭhoṭ ‘stupid’, G.
ṭhoṭh; M. ṭhoṭā ‘reduced to a stump’.
4. S. ṭhū̃ṭhu m. ‘dried—up tree’, ṭhū̃ṭho ‘handless’;
M. ṭhõ;ṭ n. ‘trunk’, ṭhõ;ṭā ‘armless, legless, fingerless,
reduced to a stump’.
*ṭhuḍḍa— ‘mouth’ see tuṇḍa—.
*ṭhuṇṭha— ‘defective’ see *ṭhuṭṭha—.
*ṭhuṇḍa— ‘mouth’ see tuṇḍa—.
Addenda: *ṭhuṭṭha—. 3. *ṭhōṭṭha—: WPah.kṭg. ṭhóṭṭhi
f. ‘detach-
able pipebowl’, ṭhóṭṭhɔ m. ‘object fixed on an arrow-
head as a cover (to be used in a game)’; H. ṭhoṭhrā
‘hollow’.
4. †;*ṭhuḍḍa—2: WPah.kṭg. ṭhv́ḍṛɔ, ṭhv́ḷṛɔ ‘hornless’.
5. †;*ṭhōḍa—: WPah.kṭg. ṭhóḍṛɔ, ṭhóḷṛɔ ‘hornless’.
†;*ṭhuḍḍa—
2 ‘defective’ see *ṭhuṭṭha—.
5507 *ṭhuna— ‘striking, breaking’.
Or. ṭhuṇā ‘blow with the knuckles’; — N. ṭhunko,
ṭhanko ‘stroke, fragment’; A. ṭhunukā ‘brittle’, B.
ṭhunkā.
5508 *ṭhuss— ‘sound of sobbing &c.’ [Onom.]
P. ṭhuss f. ‘sound expressive of contempt’, ṭhuskaṇā
‘to sob’; N. ṭhussa ‘displeased’; H. ṭhusaknā ‘to sob’;
G. ṭhusɔ m. ‘taunt’.
5509 *ṭhēkk— ‘fix’. [Poss. < *ṭhēakka— ext. of Pk. thēa-
‘durable’ < sthḗyas— or Pa. thēta— ‘firm’ (< sthitá-
X sthḗyas—?). Cf. *ṭhīkka—, but also *ṭikk—, *ṭēkk-
with similar range of meanings s.v. *ṭakk—]
S. ṭheko ‘mode of beating a drum’; L. ṭhek f. ‘wheat-
sheaf’; P. ṭhekā ‘task, mode of beating a drum’; N. ṭhek
‘anything fixed’, ṭhekā ‘keeping time in accompaniment
to a song by clapping or striking’, ṭheknu ‘to post’,
ṭhekān ‘arrangement’; A. ṭhekā ‘prop, striking two
things together’; B. ṭhek ‘prop’, ṭhekāna ‘to obstruct’;
Or. ṭheka ‘prop’, ṭhekibā ‘to collide with’; Mth. ṭhekānā
‘fixture’; H. ṭhek m. ‘prop’, ṭhekā m. ‘mode of beating
a drum’, G. ṭhekɔ m., ṭhekāṇũ n. ‘station’; M. ṭhekā m.
‘mode of beating a drum’.
Addenda: *ṭhēkk—: WPah.kṭg. ṭhékɔ ‘work done under
contract’; J. ṭhē'k f. ‘prohibition, restriction’; P. ṭhekā
m. ‘work done under contract’.
5510 *ṭhēkka— ‘receptacle’.
P. ṭhekī f. ‘bamboo frame to hold grain’; Ku. ṭheko,
°kī ‘round wooden vessel’, gng. ṭhyak, ṭheki
, N. ṭheko,
°ki; Or. ṭheki, ṭhẽki ‘small earthen pot’; H. ṭhekī f.
‘large grain—sack’.
*ṭhēṅga—
1 ‘stick’ see *ṭhiṅga—1.
*ṭhēṅga—
2 ‘defective’ see *ṭhiṅga—2.
5511 *ṭhēcc— ‘push’. 2. *thēcc—. 3. *ṭhēss—. 4. *ṭhōss—.
[Cf. *ṭōss—, *ḍhūss—. — See list s.v. *ṭhēḍḍ—]
1. M. ṭhẽċ f. ‘knock’.
2. Ku. thecṇo ‘to crush’, thecṛo m. ‘footmark’; N.
theccinu ‘to be pressed down, squat’, thicnu intr. ‘to
press on’.
3. Ku. ṭhes ‘stumble, blow’; N. ṭhesnu ‘to ram, thrust
in’, ṭhessinu ‘to stumble’, ṭhes ‘stumble, knock’, ṭhesan
‘additional weight placed on a load to balance it’; A.
ṭhehā—ṭhehi ‘crammed, crowded’; B. ṭhes ‘leaning
against, push’, ṭhesāna tr. ‘to lean against’; Or. ṭhesibā
‘to bruise, beat’, ṭhẽsibā ‘to jostle, crowd’; Mth. ṭhes
‘stumbling’; H. ṭhesnā ‘to ram in’, ṭhes f. ‘knock’; G.
ṭhes f. ‘knock’, ṭhesaṇiyũ n. ‘anything that helps in
pushing’; M. ṭhẽs f. ‘knock’.
4. K. ṭhūs m. ‘quarrel’; P. ṭhūsṇā ‘to stuff, cram, eat’;
Ku. ṭhosṇo ‘to strike into, strike, shake’; N. ṭhosṇo ‘to
poke, chide’; B. ṭhusā ‘to cram’; H. ṭhosnā ‘to press
down’; G. ṭhoso m. ‘blow’, M. ṭhosrā m.; — S. ṭhaũso
m. ‘blow’, G. ṭhɔ̃svũ ‘to cram’, ṭhɔ̃sɔ m. ‘blow’.
*ṭhēṭṭha— ‘defective’ see *ṭhiṭṭha—.
Addenda: *ṭhēcc—. 2. *thēcc—: WPah.kṭg. thḗċ f. ‘obstinacy’
Him.I 95; J. thecṇu ‘to beat’.
5. †;*thōcc—: WPah.kṭg. thɔ́ċ ‘sound of a splash’,
kc. thuċuk f. (obl. —a) ‘small slap’, kṭg. thƏċrāṛ, kc.
thƏċṛā m. ‘big slap’ Him.I 96.
5512 *ṭhēḍḍ— ‘push’. 2. *ṭhēll—. 3. *ṭēll—. [Cf. *ṭhēcc—,
*ṭhēss—, *ṭhōss—]
1. P. ṭheḍā m. ‘stumble’.
2. S. ṭhelhaṇu ‘to push’; P. ṭhehlaṇā ‘to thrust into
water’, ṭhillhṇā intr. ‘to plunge into water’; Ku. ṭhelṇo
‘to push’; N. ṭhelnu ‘to push, poke’, intr. ‘to protrude’;
A. ṭheliba ‘to push’, B. ṭhelā, Or. ṭhelibā, Mth. ṭhelab;
H. ṭhelnā ‘to push’, ṭhelā ‘push—cart’ (→ Bhoj. P. ṭhelā
m.); G. ṭhelvũ ‘to push’, M. ṭhelṇẽ.
3. Ku. ṭelaṇo ‘to push, thrust’, ṭilṇo ‘to cram’.
*ṭhēṇṭha— ‘defective’ see *ṭhiṭṭha—.
*ṭhēll— ‘push’ see *ṭhēḍḍ—.
*ṭhēss— ‘push’ see *ṭhēcc—.
Addenda: *ṭhēḍḍ—. 2. *ṭhēll—: S.kcch. ṭhelṇū ‘to push’, OMarw.
3 sg. pres.pass. ṭhelijaï.
*ṭhēll— ‘push’ see *thēḍḍ— Add2.
5513 *ṭhōkk— ‘knock’. 2. *ṭhōkka—. 3. *ṭhōkkarā—. [Cf.
*ṭōkk— and *ṭukk—]
1. Kho. (Lor.) ṭhuxeik ‘to knock (on a door)’; K.
ṭhukun ‘to hammer’; S. ṭhokaṇu ‘to knock’; L. ṭhokaṇ
‘to hammer’; P. ṭhokṇā ‘to strike’; Ku. ṭhokṇo ‘to
wield’; N. ṭhoknu ‘to knock’; A. ṭhūkiba ‘to strike’, B.
ṭhokā, ṭhukā, Or. ṭhukibā; H. ṭhoknā ‘to knock, make
firm’; G. ṭhokvũ ‘to strike’, M. ṭhokṇẽ.
2. Ash. ṭoká ‘nail, peg’, Kt. tku NTS ii 281 (or <
*ṭōkk—); K. ṭhukh (dat. °kas) m. ‘hammering’; P. ṭhokā
m. ‘carpenter’; Ku. ṭhok ‘obstacle’; B. ṭhok ‘whim’; H.
ṭhok m. ‘blow’, G. ṭhok f., M. ṭhok m.; Si. ṭokka (pl. ṭoku)
‘blow on the head’ (or < *ṭōkk—).
3. K. ṭhūkara m. ‘blow, stumble’; S. ṭhokara f. ‘blow’,
P. ṭhokar f.; Ku. ṭhokar ‘stumble’; N. ṭhokar ‘blow,
obstacle’; B. ṭhokar ‘blow’, Or. ṭhokara; Mth. ṭhokrā
‘wooden peg for stirring grain while being crushed’;
Bhoj. H. G. ṭhokar f. ‘blow’; M. ṭhokar f. ‘stumbling’.
*ṭhōkka— ‘basket’ see *ṭōkka—1.
*ṭhōṅga— ‘beak’ see *ṭōṅka—.
*ṭhōṭṭha— ‘defective’ see *ṭhuṭṭha—.
*ṭhōḍḍa—, *ṭhōṇṭha—
1 ‘mouth’ see tuṇḍa—.
*ṭhōṇṭha—
2 ‘defective’ see *ṭhuṭṭha—.
*ṭhōṇḍa— ‘mouth’ see tuṇḍa—.
*ṭhōṇḍi— ‘navel’ see tundi—.
Addenda: *ṭhōkk—. 1. S.kcch. ṭhokṇū ‘to hammer, strike’;
WPah.kṭg. ṭhókṇõ; ‘to copulate (of men)’, ṭhókku m.
‘copulation’; Garh. ṭhokṇu ‘to drive into, beat’.
*ṭhōṭṭha— ‘defective’ see *ṭhuṭṭha— Add2.
†;*ṭhōḍa— ‘defective’ see *ṭhuṭṭha—.
5514 *ṭhōbba— ‘defective’. 2. *ṭhōmba—. [See list s.v.
*ṭuṇṭa—2]
1. G. ṭhobrũ ‘ugly, clumsy’.
2. M. ṭhõ;b m. ‘bare trunk, boor, childless man’,
thõ;bā m. ‘boor, short stout stick’ (LM 340 < stambha—).
*ṭhōmba— ‘defective’ see prec.
*ṭhōss— ‘push’ see *ṭhēcc—.
5515 *ṭhōssa— ‘defective’. [~ *ḍussa—. See list s.v. *ṭuṇṭa—2]
P. ṭhossā m. ‘gesture of denial with thumb’ (semant.
cf. *ṭhuṭṭha—); WPah. (Joshi) ṭhosā ‘penis’; N. ṭhoso
‘stalk after a plant is cut, stubble’; H. ṭhosā m. ‘gesture
with thumb’.
5516 *ḍakk—
1 ‘shout’.
Ku. ḍākṇo ‘to chide, lecture, dispatch’, ḍāko ‘scold-
ing, exhortation’; N. ḍāknu ‘to call, send for’, ḍāko
‘shout, voice’; A. ḍākiba ‘to shout’, ḍākā ‘cockcrow’;
B. ḍākā ‘to call, summon’, ḍāk ‘shout’; Or. ḍākibā ‘to
shout’, ḍāka, ḍakā ‘shout, sound’, ḍakarā ‘invitation’;
Mth. ḍāk ‘shout’; H. ḍāknā, ḍā̃knā ‘to shout’, ḍāk f.
‘shouting’.
*ḍakkāra—; — *ḍakka—1?
Addenda: *ḍakk—1: WPah.kc. ḍakṇo ‘to drive (e.g. cattle)’; J.
ḍākṇu ‘to chide, dispatch’.
5517 *ḍakk—
2 ‘bite’. 2. *ḍaṅk—. 3. *ḍaṅkh—. 4. *daṅk—.
[Connexion with √daṁś is doubtful]
1. Pk. ḍakka—, dakka— ‘bitten’ (H. Smith JA 1950, 194
replacement of daṭṭha—), ḍakkijjaï ‘is bitten’; A. ḍākiba
‘to bite, sting’; H. ḍakorī f. ‘hornet’.
2. Pk. ḍaṁka— m. ‘bite, sting’; S. ḍ̱aṅgaṇu ‘to bite,
sting’, ḍ̱aṅgu m. ‘bite, sting’; L. ḍaṅg m. ‘bite’, (Ju.)
ḍ̱ãgaṇ ‘to bite’, P. ḍaṅgṇā, ḍaṅg m.; Or. ḍaṅka ‘fangs of
a snake, insect bite’; Mth. ḍaṅk ‘bite of insect or rep-
tile’; H. ḍā̃k m. ‘insect sting’; G. ḍā̃k m. ‘large green
wasp’.
3. G. ḍā̃kh m. ‘a kind of wasp’; M. ḍā̃khṇẽ ‘to bite’,
ḍā̃kh ‘bite, sting’.
4. N. daṅinu ‘to be cheated’ (semant. cf. ḍā̃snu <
dáṁśati).
Addenda: *ḍakk—
2. 2. *ḍaṅk—: S.kcch. ḍaṅgh m. ‘a sting’;
WPah.poet. ḍaṅge f. ‘a sting, pang’; A. ḍā̃kiba
(phonet. d—) ‘to bite’ AFD 207.
5518 *ḍakk—
3 ‘stop’. [Cf. *ṭakk—1]
L. ḍakkaṇ, (Ju.) ḍ̱a° ‘to stop, obstruct’; P. ḍakkṇā ‘to
block up, hinder’, ḍakk m. ‘hindrance’, ḍakkā m. ‘plug’.
5519 *ḍakka—
1 ‘relay, post’. [ḍakk—1?]
Ku. A. B. ḍāk ‘relay, post, posting stage’, Or. ḍāka,
H. ḍāk f. (→ P. ḍāk f., K. ḍākh, dat. °kas m.), G. M.
ḍāk f.
5521 *ḍakkāra— ‘belch’. 2. *ḍhakkāra—. [Onom. with
kāra—3]
1. K. ḍākur m., S. ḍ̱akāru m., P. ḍakār f., ḍakārnā vb.;
Ku. ḍakār ‘belch’, ḍakārṇo ‘to belch, digest’; N. ḍakār
‘belch’, ḍakārnu vb.; Or. ḍakāra ‘vomiting’; H. ḍakār f.
‘belch’, ḍakārnā, ḍãk° vb., M. ḍakār m.
2. Or. ḍhakāra, ḍhaṅk°, ḍhẽk° ‘belch’, Mth. ḍhẽkār,
H. ḍhakār, ḍhik° f., M. ḍhẽkar m.; — Dm. ḍrē̃k— ‘to
belch’.
Addenda: *ḍakkāra— [Cf. *ḍhikk—]: WPah.kṭg. ḍƏkār f. ‘belch,
hiccup’; J. ḍāk f. ‘vomit’.
5522 *ḍag—
1 ‘tremble’. 2. *ḍak—. 3. *ḍig—
1. 4. *dag—
1.
5. *dig—. [Cf. *dhagg—]
1. Pk. ḍagamagaï ‘trembles’; P. ḍagḍagāuṇā ‘to
tremble’, ḍagmag ‘trembling’; Ku. ḍagmagāṇo ‘to
hesitate’; N. ḍagnu ‘to recoil’, ḍagḍagāunu, ḍagmag° ‘to
tremble’; A. ḍagmag ‘unsteadiness, sparkle’, ḍagmagāiba
‘to glitter’; B. ḍagmag ‘trembling’, ḍagḍagiyā ‘glowing’;
Or. ḍagaḍaga ‘briskly, hastily (of walking)’; Mth. ḍagrī
‘winnowing basket’, ḍagmag sb. ‘trembling’; H.
ḍagḍagānā, ḍagmag° ‘to tremble, burn brightly’;
OMarw. ḍagaï ‘quivers’; G. ḍagvũ, ḍagḍagvũ, ḍagmagvũ
‘to tremble’; M. ḍagṇẽ, ḍagḍagṇẽ, ḍagmagṇẽ ‘to tremble’,
ḍagāgṇẽ ‘to totter’.
2. S. ḍ̱akaṇu ‘to tremble’, ḍ̱akaḍ̱akato ‘just caught (of
a fish)’; N. ḍaknu ‘to harass’; M. ḍakḍakṇẽ ‘to tremble’;
— Ash. ḍeḍek— ‘to tremble’, Kt. ḍäṭkyitum NTS vii 90,
däṭkye— NTS ii 255, Wg. ḍaḍek—, Pr. ā—ẓuẓu—.
3. H. ḍignā ‘to unsettle’, ḍigmig ‘trembling’; OMarw.
ḍigaï ‘fails’.
4. P. dagdagāuṇā ‘to shine’.
5. N. digmigāunu ‘to shudder at one's food’.
5523 *ḍag—
2 ‘step, pace’. 2. *ḍig—
2. 3. *dag—
2.
1. N. ḍag ‘step, stride’, H. ḍag f., OMarw. ḍaga f.,
G. ḍag, ḍaglũ n.; M. ḍag f. ‘pace’, ḍagṇẽ ‘to step over’;
— Or. ḍagara ‘footstep, road’; Mth. ḍagar ‘road’, H.
ḍagar f., ḍagrā m., G. ḍagar f.
2. P. ḍı̃gh f. ‘foot, step’; N. ḍeg, ḍek ‘pace’; Mth. ḍeg
‘footstep’; H. ḍig, ḍeg f. ‘pace’.
3. L. dagg m. ‘road’, daggaṛ rāh m. ‘wide road’ (mult.
ḍaggar rāh < daggaṛ?); P. dagaṛ m. ‘road’, H. dagṛā m.
*ḍagga—
1 ‘hill’ see *ṭakka—3.
5524 *ḍagga—
2 ‘defective’. 2. *ḍaṅga—
2. 3. ḍaṅgara—
2
‘expression of contempt’ lex. (→ Psht. Orm. ḍaṅgar
‘lean’ IIFL i 393, NTS ii 255). 4. *ḍikka—
2.
5. *ḍiṅga—
2. 6. ḍiṅgara— m. ‘rogue, servant’ lex.
7. *ḍēṅga—
2. 8. *ḍhagga—. 9. *ḍhaṅkha—.
10. *ḍhiṅka—
2. 11. *dhaṅga—. 12. *dhiṅga—. [Cf.
ḍaṅgara—1: see lists s.vv. *ḍōkka—2 and *ṭuṇṭa—2]
1. Wg. ḍege ‘old, weak’; Woṭ. ḍāg (f. ḍyēg) ‘old’, Gaw.
ḍaga.
2. Ku. ḍā̃go ‘lean (e.g. of oxen)’; N. ḍā̃go ‘male (of
animals)’; A. ḍāṅ ‘wicked’, ḍāṅ—muṭhiyā ‘without wife
or children’; Or. ḍāṅga ‘one who is reduced to a skele-
ton’, ḍāṅguā ‘bachelor, widower’, ḍaṅgā ‘long and
narrow (e.g. of a plot of ground)’.
3. Ash. ḍäṅor ‘unwell’; Bashg. daṅgor ‘lazy’; K.
ḍangur (dat. °garas) m. ‘fool’; P. ḍaṅgar m. ‘stupid man’;
N. ḍāṅro ‘term of contempt for a blacksmith’, ḍāṅre
‘large and lazy’; A. ḍaṅurā ‘living alone without wife
or children’; H. ḍā̃gar, ḍā̃grā m. ‘starveling’.
4. OMarw. ḍīkarī f. ‘daughter’.
5. S. ḍ̱iṅgu m. ‘crook’, ḍ̱iṅgo ‘crooked’, L. P. ḍiṅgā;
Ku. ḍı̃glo ‘lean, emaciated’; N. ḍı̃go, ḍiṅo ‘abusive word
for a cow’; G. ḍı̃g f. n. ‘lie’.
6. Kt. ḍigƏr ‘bad, unpleasant’; N. ḍiṅgar ‘con-
temptuous term for an inhabitant of the Tarai’; B.
ḍiṅgar ‘vile’; Or. ḍiṅgara ‘rogue’, °rā ‘wicked’; H.
ḍiṅgar m. ‘rogue’; M. ḍı̃gar m. ‘boy’.
7. B. ḍeṅguyā ‘having no wife’.
8. L. (Shahpur) ḍhaǥǥā ‘small weak ox’, ḍhaǥǥī f. ‘cow’,
ḍhaǥṛā m. ‘paramour’.
9. Pk. ḍhaṁkhara— m.n. ‘branch without leaves or
fruit’; S. ḍhaṅgaru m. ‘lean emaciated beast’; Ku. ḍhā̃go
‘lean’, m. ‘skeleton’; M. ḍhā̃k, n., ḍhā̃kaḷ f. ‘old decay-
ing stump’, ḍhā̃kẽ n. ‘stout stake’, ḍhā̃kaḷ, °kūḷ ‘old and
decaying, bare of leaves &c.’
10. S. ḍhiṅgaru m. ‘lean emaciated beast’.
11. Or. dhāṅgaṛ ‘young servant, herdsman, name of
a Santal tribe’, dhāṅgaṛā ‘unmarried youth’, °ṛī ‘un-
married girl’, dhāṅgarā ‘youth, man’; H. dhaṅgar m.
‘herdsman’, dhā̃gaṛ, °ar m. ‘a non—Aryan tribe in the
Vindhyas, digger of wells and tanks’; M. dhā̃gaḍ ‘rude,
loutish’, f. ‘hoyden’.
12. M. dhı̃gaḍ = prec.
*ḍaṅk— ‘bite’ see *ḍakk—2.
Addenda: *ḍagga—
2. 8. *ḍhagga—1: transfer words for ox and
cow to †;*ḍhagga—2 s.v. †;*ḍagga—3.
12. *dhiṅga—: S.kcch. dhīṅgho ‘stout’.
13. †;*dhakkha—: P. dhakkh ‘small’; WPah.kṭg. (kc.)
dhɔ́kkh ‘little, some’, kṭg. dhɔ́khni
f. ‘one eighth’
(Him.I 108), J. dhakh ‘a little’; Garh. dhakkaṛ ‘a
good—for—nothing man’.
14. †;*dhagga—: P. dhagṛā m. ‘paramour’, dhagaṛ
‘violent man’, WPah.poet. dhɔgṛa m. ‘scoundrel,
paramour’, H. dhagṛā.
5525 *ḍaṅka— ‘drum’. 2. *ḍakka—
4. [Cf. ḍakkārī— ‘lute’ lex.]
1. P. N. B. Or. H. M. ḍaṅkā m. ‘drum’; G. ḍaṅkɔ m.
‘large kettledrum’, M. ḍā̃kā m.
2. Pk. ḍakka— m. ‘a partic. musical instrument’; G.
ḍakkɔ m. ‘drum’; Si. ḍäkkiya ‘tom—tom’.
*ḍaṅkh— ‘bite’ see *ḍakk—2.
*ḍaṅga—
1 ‘stick’ see *ḍakka—2.
*ḍaṅga—
2 ‘defective’ see *ḍagga—2.
*ḍaṅga—
3 ‘hill’ see *ṭakka—3.
*ḍaṅga—
4 ‘boat’ see *ḍōṅga—1.
5526 *ḍaṅgara—
1 ‘cattle’. 2. *daṅgara—. [Same as ḍaṅ-
gara—2 s.v. *ḍagga—2 as a pejorative term for cattle]
1. K. ḍangur m. ‘bullock’, L. ḍaṅgur, (Ju.) ḍ̱ãgar m.
‘horned cattle’; P. ḍaṅgar m. ‘cattle’, Or. ḍaṅgara; Bi.
ḍā̃gar ‘old worn—out beast, dead cattle’, dhūr ḍā̃gar
‘cattle in general’; Bhoj. ḍāṅgar ‘cattle’; H. ḍā̃gar,
ḍā̃grā m. ‘horned cattle’.
2. H. dā̃gar m. = prec.
ḍaṅgara—
2 ‘defective’ see *ḍagga—2.
*ḍaṭṭha—, *daṇṭa— ‘stalk’ see next.
5527 *
ḍaṇṭha— ‘stem’. 2. *
ḍaṇṭa—. 3. *
ḍāṇṭa—. 4. *
ḍaṭṭha—.
5. *
ḍāṭṭha—. 6. *
ḍiṇṭa—. 7. *
ṭāṇṭa—. 8. *
ṭāṇṭha—.
9. *
taṇṭa—. 10. *
daṇṭha—. [Cf.
taṇḍaka— n. ‘tree-
trunk’ lex.—This group, if it includes
daṇḍá— (EWA
ii 11) and
de/ndr(
e)
on (H. W. Bailey TPS 1952, 60), is
prob. like
āṇḍá— and
índra—, non—IE. in origin (despite
Bailey loc. cit. fn. 3) and the IA. forms have been infl.
by Drav. and Mu. words (lit. EWA loc. cit.) and speech-
habits (J.C.W.)]
1. H.
ḍā̃ṭh,
°ṭhī f.,
ḍā̃ṭhal m.,
ḍaṇṭhā,
°ṭhal,
°ṭhlā m.
‘stem, stalk’.
2. L. (Ju.)
ḍ̱ãḍī f. ‘stem of poppy’,
ḍ̱ãḍal m. ‘culm’;
B.
ḍā̃ṭ ‘stem, stalk’; Mth.
ḍā̃ṭ ‘foot stalk of lotus’,
ḍaṇṭī ‘foot stalk of a plant, beam of scales’; Bhoj.
ḍaṇṭā ‘stick’; H.
ḍā̃ṭ ‘stem, stalk’.
3. S.
ḍ̱ā̃ḍī f. ‘stalk of flower or fruit’.
4. P.
ḍaṭṭhal m. ‘hull of gram’; H.
ḍaṭhā m. ‘stalk’.
5. S.
ḍ̱āṭho m. ‘fibres and stalk of tobacco leaf’.
6. G.
ḍı̄̃ṭũ,
ḍīṭũ n. ‘leaf stalk’.
7. L.
ṭāṇḍā m. ‘dry stalk of bājrā’, P.
ṭā̃ḍā m.
8. P.
ṭā̃ḍhā m.
9. N.
tāndro ‘dry stalk or straw’ (< *
tāṇṭa—ḍa—); M.
tā̃ṭ ‘stem’.
10. Or.
dāṇṭhi ‘hard stalk of a creeper, stalk—like bean’.
ḌAP ‘accumulate’:
ḍāpayatē.
*
ḍabara— ‘pool’ see *
ḍabbara—.
*
ḍabb— ‘press’ see *
dabb—.
Addenda: *
ḍaṇṭha—. 1. S.kcch.
ḍāṇḍhī f. ‘small drumstick’,
ḍāṇḍhyo m. ‘short thick stick’.
4. *
ḍaṭṭha—: A.
ḍaṭh ‘elephant goad’ rather <
*
dāṁṣṭra—?
11. †;*
taṇḍa—: Md.
tan̆ḍi ‘stalk’.
12. †;*
diṇṭa—: M.
dẽṭ ‘stem, stalk’, Ko.
dēṇṭu.
5528 *ḍabba—
1 ‘box’. 2. *ḍibba—
1. 3. *ḍēbba—. 4. *ḍāva—
1.
5. *dabba—. 6. *dibba—. [Not conn. with darvi—, but
of non—Aryan origin (A. Master BSOAS xii 348 ←
Drav.)]
1. K. ḍaba m. ‘small round covered box’; L. ḍabbī f.
‘small box’; P. ḍabb m. ‘a kind of pocket’; Ku. ḍābā
‘small box’; B. ḍāb ‘unripe coconut full of water’,
ḍābā ‘large hollow vessel to feed cattle from’, ḍābu
‘small jar’; Or. ḍāba ‘raw coconut’, ḍabā ‘small metal
box’, ḍābā ‘canister’; Bhoj. ḍabasā ‘round vessel’; H.
ḍabbā m., °bī f. ‘box’, ḍabrī f. ‘earthen cup’; G. ḍābṛī f.
‘box’, ḍabṛũ n. ‘leather bag’; M. ḍabbā m., ḍabḍẽ n.,
*ḍī f., ḍabkī f. ‘box’.
2. P. ḍibbā m. ‘box’; Ku. ḍibi ‘small vessel or box’;
N. ḍibiyā ‘small flat box’; B. Or. ḍibā ‘small box for
jewels’, Bi. ḍībā, ḍibbā, Bhoj. ḍībā, H. ḍibī, ḍibbī f.
3. Aw. lakh. ḍebiyā ‘casket’.
4. Mth. ḍāwā ‘large earthen cup’; M. ḍāv f., ḍav, ḍaū
m. ‘hollowed coconut used as a vessel’.
5. L. dablā m. ‘jewel box’, °lī f. ‘snuff—box’; — N.
dāb, dāp ‘sheath’; M. dāb m. ‘girdle’?
6. P. dibbā m. ‘box’.
Addenda: *ḍabba—
1. 1. S.kcch. ḍabī f. ‘small box’, ḍabo m.
‘carriage’; WPah.poet. ḍabu m. ‘small box’; J. ḍābū
m. ‘round wooden box’.
7. †;*ḍabbara—2: S.kcch. ḍabrī f. ‘small round metal
vessel’; Bhoj. ḍabarā m. ‘a round vessel’; H. ḍabrī f.
‘leather cup’; G. ḍābrī f. ‘box’, ḍābrũ n. ‘leather bag’.
†;*ḍabbara—
2 ‘box’ see *ḍabba—1.
5529 *ḍabba—
2 ‘spot’. 2. *dribba—. 3. *dhabba—.
1. K. ḍobu
‘spotted’; S. ḍ̱aḇo m. ‘a kind of dog’; P.
ḍabb m. ‘spot’, ḍabbā ‘spotted’, ḍabbī f. ‘spotted bitch’;
N. ḍābar ‘spot, small swelling’; G. ḍabkɔ m. ‘drop,
blot’.
2. S. ḍriḇuṛu m. ‘mark of sting or bite’.
3. L. dhabbā m. ‘cotton—printer’; P. dhabbā m. ‘spot’;
N. dhabbo ‘stain, spot’, H. dhabbā m., G. dhābũ n.
5530 *ḍabbara— ‘mud, pool, vessel’. 2. *dabbara—.
3. *ḍabara—. [Semant. for ‘pool ~ vessel’ cf. kuṇḍá—1,
kumbhá—1]
1. L. ḍabbar m. ‘clayey hollow’; A. ḍabar ‘spittoon’;
B. ḍābar ‘water—vessel’; H. ḍābar m. ‘low hollow
ground where water collects’; OMarw. ḍābara m.
‘pool’; M. ḍaburā, °brā m. ‘hole dug for water’.
2. Ash. dábar ‘clay’; Paš. dabar ‘wet’; P. dābar m.
‘clay’.
3. M. ḍavrā m. ‘hole dug for water’.
5533 *ḍambharūpa— ‘young animal’. [ḍimbha—3, rūpá—]
N. ḍambaru, ḍammaru ‘tiger's cub’.
5536 *ḍala— ‘lump’. 2. *ḍalla—
1. 3. *ḍilla—. 4. *ḍēlla—.
5. *ḍhalla—. 6. *ḍhilla—
1. 7. *ḍhēlla—. 8. dala—
1 m.
‘clump, heap’ lex. 9. *dalla—. 10. *dilla—. 11. *ṭēla—.
[See list s.v. *ḍhikka—1]
1. Pk. ḍala— m. ‘lump’; Gaw. Sv. ḍal ‘big, thick’; P.
ḍalā m. ‘lump’, ḍalī f. ‘small lump, betel—nut’; Ku.
ḍalo, °li ‘lump, clump’, H. ḍalā m., °lī f., Marw. ḍalī f.
— N. ḍolo ‘round and smooth’ (X gol < gōla—1?).
2. N. ḍallo ‘round, round lump, clod; G. ḍalɔ m.
‘lump’, M. ḍallā m. — S. ḍ̱alhaṇu ‘to stuff, fill the
stomach’?
3. K. ḍı̄̃jü
f. ‘ball, small globular mass’; S. ḍ̱īlu m.
‘belly, body’; L. ḍilh (pl. °hı̃) f. ‘boulder’, (Ju.) ḍ̱ilh m.
‘clod’; P. ḍīl m. ‘bulk’; N. ḍil ‘ridge, bank’; A. ḍil
‘heart, spadix of a plaintain tree’, ḍilā ‘mango—stone,
calf of leg’ (semant. cf. píṇḍa—); H. ḍīl m. ‘lump,
ploughed land’; G. ḍīl n. ‘body’.
4. S. ḍ̱elhu m. ‘an unripe fruit of Ceriops candolleana’;
L. ḍēlhā, ḍēlā, (Ju.) ḍ̱ē° ‘a fruit of Capparis aphylla, an
unripe fruit, diseased eyeball’; P. ḍelhā, ḍellā, ḍelā m.
‘an unripe fruit of Capparis aphylla, eyeball’; WPah.
bhal. ḍell n. ‘lump or heap of clay’, khaś. ḍellā ‘hip’,
jaun. ḍēlī ‘stone of fruit’; Ku. ḍel ‘clump, clod’; N. ḍeli
‘small round basket without a handle’; B. ḍelā ‘lump’;
H. ḍel m. ‘lump, ploughed land’.
5. H. ḍhallā m. ‘lump of clay, clod’.
6. B. ḍhil ‘lump, clod, stone’; Mth. ḍhīl ‘louse’; M.
ḍhīl n. ‘potbelly’.
7. Paš. ḍäl plural affix; K. ḍela m. ‘clod’, P. ḍhelā m.,
WPah. bhal. bhad. ḍhell n., bhiḍ. ḍhellõ; (pl. °lã) n., Ku.
ḍhel, ḍhelo m., N. B. Or. H. ḍhelā m.; M. ḍhel f. ‘heap’,
n.f. ‘potbelly’, ḍhelā m. ‘dry spot in a river’.
8. P. dalā m. ‘lump’; Ku. dalo ‘large stone’; A. dalā
‘clod’, dali ‘lump, piece of stone used as a missile’; B.
dalā, °li, dalni ‘lump, clod’; Or. daḷi ‘clod’, daḷanī ‘clod,
brickbat’; H. dalī f. ‘clod’; Si. dali ‘clod of clay or earth’.
9. Ku. dallā, dālā ‘large rocks and stones, debris and
sand’.
10. Bshk. dil ‘clod’; H. dil f. ‘small eminence, site of
an old village’; G. dil n. ‘body, belly’.
11. Or. ṭeḷā ‘clod of earth’.
*ḍhēllapáśa—.
*ḍalla—
1 ‘lump’ see prec.
Addenda: *ḍala— ‘lump’. 2. *ḍalla—1: WPah.kṭg. ḍāl f. ‘stomach’
Him.I 84.
4. *ḍēlla—: WPah.jaun. ḍelī ‘fruitstone’.
9. *dalla—: WPah.Wkc. dɔle f. ‘laziness’ (see also
*ḍhila—).
10. *dilla—: WPah.poet. dile f. ‘fruitstone’ Him.I
102.
12. †;*ḍhōla—2: WPah.kṭg. (kc.) ḍhṑḷ m. ‘stone’, kṭg.
ḍhòḷṭɔ m. ‘big stone or boulder’, ḍhòḷṭu ‘small id.’
Him.I 87.
*ḍalla—
1 ‘lump’ see *ḍala— Add2.
5537 *ḍalla—
2 ‘basket’, ḍallaka— n. ‘basket carried with stick
and ropes over shoulder’ BrahmavP. 2. *ḍāla—
2.
3. *dāla—
3.
1. Pk. ḍalla—, °aga— n. ‘basket’, S. ḍ̱alho m., P. ḍall f.,
Ku. ḍālo m., N. ḍālo, °li; A. ḍāli ‘basket of fruit &c. for
a present’; B. ḍālā, °li ‘basket’; Or. ḍālā, °li ‘basket,
wickerwork tray’; Mth. ḍālā ‘present to bridegroom's
father on departure of marriage procession’; H. ḍāl,
°lī f. ‘basket’ (→ P. ḍālī f. ‘basket, esp. of fruit as a
present’, K. ḍöli
f.), ḍālā, ḍallā m. ‘large basket, litter’;
G. ḍālũ n. ‘basket’; M. ḍāl f. n. ‘basket’, ḍālẽ n. ‘frame
to hold pitchers’; Si. ḍalaka ‘basket, sling, present of
fruit &c.’.
2. M. ḍāḷī f. °ḷẽ n. ‘basket’.
3. M. dāḷẽ n. = prec.
ḍallaka— see prec.
Addenda: *ḍalla—2: S.kcch. ḍallo m. ‘big basket’ (ḍālo m. ← G.).
5538 *ḍavala— ‘shape’. 2. *ḍavalla—.
1. K. ḍol m. ‘shape, figure’, P. ḍaul m., N. ḍawal,
ḍaul; B. H. ḍaul m. ‘shape, condition’, G. ḍɔḷ f.; M.
ḍauḷ ‘a form ready to be filled’.
2. S. ḍ̱aulu m. ‘shape’; Or. ḍaula ‘shape, condition’,
adj. ‘handsome’; M. ḍaul, ḍahūl m. ‘shape, condition’.
*ḍavalla— ‘shape’ see prec.
5539 *ḍavva— ‘lefthand, crosswise’. 2. *ḍāva—
2. 3. *ḍābba—.
4. *ḍivva—. 5. *ḍēvva—. 6. ḍhēvva—. 7. *dēva—
2.
8. *dēvva—. [Non—Aryan: A. Master BSOAS xii 348
← Drav.]
1. Pk. ḍavva— ‘left’; P. ḍaū m. ‘fool’; Or. (Sambhalpur)
ḍabri ‘left side or hand’.
2. Pk. ḍāva— m. ‘left hand’; S. ḍ̱āo ‘left’, ḍāvaṛu ‘left-
handed’; H. ḍāwā ‘left’; M. ḍāvā ‘id.’, ḍāvrā ‘lefthanded,
crooked—horned’, ḍāvrẽ n. ‘crooked horn’.
3. S. ḍ̱āḇaṛu ‘lefthanded’; OG. ḍābaü ‘left’, G. ḍābũ,
ḍābhũ.
4. H. ḍibbā m. ‘left hand’, ḍibariyā ‘lefthanded’.
5. N. ḍebro ‘obstinate’, ḍebre ‘left’; B. ḍebrā ‘left-
handed’, Or. ḍebarā ‘id.’, ḍebiri ‘pertaining to the left’;
Bi. Mth. ḍeb ‘bullock with one erect and one hanging
horn’. — X *trēḍḍa— q.v.
6. Ku. ḍhebro ‘lefthanded’.
7. H. dewrā ‘left’.
8. N. debro ‘obstinate’, debre ‘left’, H. debrā.
Addenda: *ḍavva—. 3. *ḍābba—: S.kcch. ḍābo ‘left’.
5543 *ḍākka—
1 ‘robber, robbery’. [Ac. to W.Wüst RM 3,
33, with *ṭhakk—2, ← non—Aryan adaptation of śāka—]
P. ḍākā m. ‘robbery, band of robbers’, ḍākū m.
‘robber’; N. ḍāku, ḍā̃kā, °ku, ḍakait ‘robber’, A. B.
ḍāku, ḍakāit, Or. ḍāku, ḍā̃ku, ḍakāita, Mth. ḍākū,
ḍakait; H. ḍākā, m. ‘robbery, band of robbers’, ḍākū,
ḍā̃kū, ḍakait m. ‘robber’; G. ḍākɔ m. ‘attack by
robbers’; M. ḍā̃kā m. ‘band of robbers, attack by
robbers’; — G. ḍākũ ‘dishonoured’, ḍākiyũ, ḍākṇũ
‘wicked’ (or < ḍākínī—).
*ḍākka—
2 ‘goblin’ see ḍāka—.
*ḍākkinī—, *ḍāṅkinī— ‘witch’ see ḍākínī—.
*ḍāṭṭha— ‘stalk’ see *ḍaṇṭha—.
*ḍāḍha— ‘branch’ see ḍāla—1.
*ḍāṇṭa— ‘stalk’ see *ḍaṇṭha—.
5545 *ḍāl— ‘pour, put’. 2. *ḍār—. [Cf. √*ḍhal]
1. Ku. ḍālṇo ‘to throw, pour, put in’; Mth. ḍārab ‘to
throw’; OAw. ḍāraï ‘throws, puts away’; H. ḍālnā ‘to
pour, put, scatter, destroy’, caus. ḍalānā, ḍalāu m.
‘rubbish’; M. ḍāḷṇẽ ‘to pile up orderly’, ḍāḷ m. ‘pile’.
2. P. ḍārṇā ‘to throw’; — H. ḍārnā = ḍālnā (or with
EH. —r— < —l—).
Addenda: *ḍāl—: WPah.poet. ḍalṇo ‘to throw’ (← H. Him.I 84).
5547 *ḍikka—
1 ‘stick, line’. 2. *ḍiṅka—. [See list s.v.
*ḍakka—2]
1. N. ḍiko ‘horizontal line on the top of Nāgarī
letters’; A. ḍikiba ‘to draw a line’ (semant. cf. Mth.
ḍā̃ṛi ‘line’ < daṇḍá—). — Wg. dikā— ‘to drive away’??
2. N. ḍı̃gnu, ḍiṅnu ‘small stick for driving animals’.
*ḍikka—
2 ‘defective’ see *ḍagga—.2
*ḍig—
1 ‘tremble’ see *ḍag—1.
*ḍig—
2 ‘step’ see *ḍag—2.
*ḍiṅga—
1 ‘boat’ see *ḍōṅga—1.
*ḍiṅga—2, ḍiṅgara— ‘defective’ see *ḍagga—2.
ḍiḍimāṇaka— see ṭiṭṭibha—.
*ḍiḍḍha— ‘belly’ see *ḍhiḍḍha—2.
*ḍiṇṭa— ‘stalk’ see *ḍaṇṭha—.
ḍiṇḍibha— see dundubha—.
Addenda: *ḍikka—. 2. *ḍiṅka—: WPah.kṭg. ḍīṅg m. ‘stick’, kṭg.
(kc.) ḍiṅgɔ m., poet. ḍiṅkule f. ‘small stick’, J. ḍiṅgli f.
*ḍiṅka— ‘stick’ see ḍikka—1 Add2.
5549 *ḍippa— ‘mound, hill’. 2. *ḍibba—
2. [Cf. forms s.v.
*ṭappa—3 and parallel variations s.v. *ṭakka—3. — Origin
of Dhātup. √ḍip ‘heap’? Then cf. √ḍap.]
1. S. ḍ̱ipo m. ‘a kind of wen or swollen lump’; Ku.
ḍīp ‘hillock, ridge’; — Ku. ḍino ‘hilltop’ (X ḍāno <
daṇḍá—?).
2. S. ḍ̱iḇa f. ‘mound of earth’; Or. ḍibiri ‘nut of a bolt’.
*ḍibba—
1 ‘box’ see *ḍabba—1.
*ḍibba—
2 ‘mound, lump’ see *ḍippa—.
5555 *ḍīra— ‘shoot’.
Pk. ḍīra— n. ‘new shoot’, M. ḍīr n.
5556 *ḍukk— ‘swell’.
S. ḍ̱uku m. ‘girl's breast when it begins to swell’; N.
ḍuku ‘new shoot of a creeper’; — Ku. ḍokīṇo ‘to be
satiated’.
5557 *ḍukka— ‘blow with fist’.
P. ḍukk m. ‘blow’; Ku. ḍukā pl. ‘fisticuffs’; H. ḍuk m.
‘blow with fist’. — Eng. slang dukes ‘fists’ ← unre-
corded Gy.? — Sh. ḍukiní f. ‘fighting’ or < *ḍhukyati.
5558 *ḍukkar— ‘bellow’.
Dm. ḍrõmacr;k— ‘to bellow, bray’; Phal. ḍrhōṅk— ‘to
bellow’, N. ḍukranu.
5559 *ḍuggi— ‘drum’. [Onom.]
P. ḍugḍugī f. ‘drum’, N. ḍuggi, ḍugḍugi, Or. ḍugi,
H. G. ḍugḍugī f.
*ḍuṅga— ‘hill’ see *ṭakka—3.
ḍuḍubha—, ḍuḍuma— see dundubha—.
*ḍuḍḍa—
1 ‘hole’ see *ṭōṭṭa—1.
*ḍuḍḍa—
2 ‘defective’ see next.
5560 *ḍuṇṭa— ‘defective’. 2. *ḍuḍḍa—
2. 3. *ḍuṇḍa—
2.
4. *ḍōṭṭa—. 5. *ḍōṇṭa—
2. [See list s.v. *ṭuṇṭa—2]
1. S. ḍ̱uṇḍī f. ‘end of stalk attached to fruit, knob,
nipple’; L. ḍuṇḍrī f. ‘short tail of the Thal sheep’; P.
ḍuṇḍ m. ‘headless body, bare trunk of tree’.
2. Ash. ḍuḍestēi ‘blunt’, Kt. ḍūḍe, ḍuṛu; P. ḍuḍḍ f.
‘crookedness in feet’, ḍuḍḍā ‘crooked—footed, clump-
footed’.
3. Ku. ḍuno ‘lame’; N. ḍũṛo ‘having lost a limb,
lame, deformed’, ḍũṛuḷo ‘maimed, armless, contemp-
tuous term for hand’; Bi. ḍũṛiyā ‘hornless bullock’; H.
ḍū̃ḍā m. ‘bullock with one horn’.
4. L. ḍoṭā, (Ju.) ḍ̱o° m. ‘profligate (used by women of
men)’.
5. P. ḍõ;ḍrā ‘leafless’; Ku. ḍũḍo ‘lame’.
*ḍuṇṭi— ‘navel’ see tundi—.
*ḍuṇḍa—
1 ‘mouth’ see tuṇḍa—.
*ḍuṇḍa—
2 ‘defective’ see *ḍuṇṭa—.
ḍuṇḍa—
3 ‘belly’ see tundá—1.
ḍuṇḍu—, ḍuṇḍubha— see dundubha—.
Addenda: *ḍuṇṭa—. 1. S.kcch. ḍūṇḍh m. ‘stem of a leaf or fruit’.
5561 *
ḍubb— ‘sink’. 2. Caus. *
ḍōbb—. [Metath. of MIA.
buḍḍaï < *
buḍyati. Cf. *
ṭubb—]
1. Paš.
ḍub— ‘to be drowned’, Mai.
ḍūb—; Phal.
ḍup
‘sinking’; Sh. (Lor.)
ḍup ‘plunged in’; K.
ḍubun ‘to
dive, sink, be ruined’; P.
ḍubbṇā ‘to sink’; WPah. khaś.
ḍubbnu ‘to sink, prick’; Ku.
ḍubṇo ‘to sink’, N.
ḍubnu,
A.
ḍubiba, B.
ḍubā, Or.
ḍubibā, Mth.
ḍubab, H.
ḍū̆bnā,
G.
ḍubvũ, M.
ḍubṇẽ (whence
ḍubakṇẽ ‘to gambol in the
water’,
ḍubkaḷṇẽ ‘to dip’); — M.
ḍũbṇẽ,
ḍũbhṇẽ,
ḍumṇẽ ‘to gambol in the water’.
2. P.
ḍobṇā tr. ‘to plunge in’, Ku.
ḍobṇo, N.
ḍobnu;
H.
ḍobnā ‘to dip, dye’; M.
ḍobṇẽ ‘to immerse’.
ḍumba— see
ḍōmba—.
*
ḍumbara— ‘Ficus glomerata’ see
udumbára—.
Addenda: *
ḍubb—. 1. S.kcch.
ḍubṇū ‘to sink, be drowned’;
WPah.kṭg. (kc.)
ḍvbṇõ; ‘to drive, sink, drown’, caus.
ḍƏb
e
uṇõ;.
5562 *ḍumma— ‘fat—bellied’.
N. ḍumma ‘with the belly fat from eating (of children
and cattle)’; M. ḍumṇā ‘fat—bellied’.
ḍulī— see duḍi—.
5563 *ḍussa— ‘defective’. [~ *ṭhōssa—. See list s.v. *ṭuṇṭa—2]
K. ḍŏsa, ḍusa ‘having a maimed or bent body (from
disease &c.)’.
*ḍēṅga—
1 ‘boat’ see *ḍōṅga—1.
*ḍēṅga—
2 ‘defective’ see *ḍagga—2.
ḍēbba— ‘box’ see *ḍabba—1.
5564 *ḍēra—
1 ‘resting—place’. 2. *dēra—.
1. K. ḍera m. ‘tent, temporary stopping place’; P.
ḍerā m. ‘tent, encampment’; WPah. bhal. ḍero m.
‘lodging place, shelter’; Ku. ḍero ‘tent, shelter, house,
esp. temporary lodging’; N. ḍerā ‘tent, booth’; A. B.
Or. Mth. H. ḍerā ‘tent, shelter, temporary resting-
place’, Marw. ḍero m., G. ḍerɔ m., M. ḍerā m.
2. B. derā ‘a sort of tent’; H. derā m. ‘tent, house’
(→ S. dero m. ‘tent’).
*ḍēra—
2 ‘slanting, squinting’ see ṭēraka—.
*ḍēlla— ‘lump’ see *dala—.
*ḍēvva— ‘left’ see *ḍavva—.
Addenda: *ḍēra—1: WPah.kṭg. (kc.) ḍerɔ m. ‘small house’, J.
ḍerā m.
*ḍēlla— ‘lump’ see *ḍala— Add2.
5566 *ḍōka— ‘head’. 2. *ḍōkka—
1.
1. H. M. ḍoī f. ‘head’.
2. Kho. (Lor.) ḍok korik ‘to take someone on one's
back’; G. ḍok f. ‘neck’, ḍokũ n. ‘head’, M. ḍokẽ n. -
Ku. N. ḍoko ‘basket carried on back and shoulders’ (but
see *ṭōkka— and *dhōkka—1). — K. ḍĕka m. ‘forehead’
perh. rather < *ḍhēkka—1.
*ḍōkka—
1 ‘head’ see prec.
5567 *ḍōkka—
2 ‘defective’. 2. *dhōkka—
2. [~ *ṭugga—.
See lists s.vv. *ḍagga— and *ṭuṇṭa—2]
1. Ku. ḍokro, ḍokhro ‘old man’; B. ḍokrā ‘old,
decrepit’, Or. ḍokarā; H. ḍokrā ‘decrepit’; G. ḍokɔ m.
‘penis’, ḍokrɔ m. ‘old man’, M. ḍokrā m. — Kho. (Lor.)
duk ‘hunched up, hump of camel’; K. ḍọ̆ku
‘hump-
backed’ perh. < *ḍōkka—1.
2. Or. dhokaṛa ‘decrepit, hanging down (of breasts)’.
5568 *ḍōṅga—
1 ‘trough, dug—out canoe, boat’. 2. *ḍaṅga—
4.
3. *ḍiṅga—
1. 4. *ḍēṅga—
1. 5. *ḍōṇṭa—
1. [Though prob.
of non—Aryan origin, it may have affected the meaning
of drṓṇa—1]
1. Pk. ḍoṁgī—, °galī— f. ‘small box for betel’, ḍuṁgha-
m. ‘water—vessel made of coconut shell’; Sh. (Lor.)
ḍūṅo ‘small earthen vessel’; K. ḍū̃ga m. ‘a kind of
covered boat’; P. ḍõ;gā m., °gī f., ḍõ;ghā m., °ghī f.
‘a deep boat’; Ku. ḍuṅo ‘ferry boat’; N. ḍũgo, ḍuṅo
‘small boat (usu. of one piece of wood)’; A. ḍoṅgā ‘canoe
made of plaintain—sheath’; B. ḍoṅa, ḍuṅi ‘canoe, boat’;
Or. ḍuṅgi ‘dug—out canoe’; Bhoj. Aw.lakh. ḍõmacr;gī ‘boat’;
H. ḍõ;gā m. ‘trough, canoe, ladle’; G. ḍũgɔ m. ‘tobacco-
pipe’; M. ḍõ;gā m. ‘a sort of boat or canoe’.
2. Or. ḍaṅgā ‘small country boat, dug—out canoe’,
ḍaṅgi ‘canoe’.
3. A. B. ḍiṅā ‘boat, canoe’, Or. ḍiṅgā.
4. Bhoj. ḍē̃gi ‘boat’; H. ḍẽgī f. ‘small boat, canoe’.
5. S. ḍ̱ū̃ḍo m., °ḍī f. ‘boat’; L. ḍōṇḍā m. ‘boat’, mult.
ḍūṇḍā m., (Ju.) ḍ̱ū̃ḍ̱ī f.; N. ḍũṛ, ḍũṛh ‘trough, wooden or
bamboo water—channel, gutter.’
*ḍōṅga—
2 ‘hill’ see *ṭakka—3.
*ḍōṭṭa— ‘defective’ see *ḍuṇṭa—.
5569 *ḍōṭṭha ‘hollow stem’. [Cf. *ṭōṭṭa—1, *ṭhōṭṭha—,
*dhōdda—]
Ku. ḍoṭho ‘hollow trunk, box’; N. ḍoṭho ‘vessel to
hold liquid’.
*ḍōṇṭa—
1 ‘trough, boat’ see *ḍōṅga—1.
*ḍōṇṭa—
2 ‘defective’ see *ḍuṇṭa—.
*ḍōbb— ‘immerse’ see *ḍubb—.
ḍōma— see next.
5573 *ḍōva— ‘spoon’. 2.. *dōva—. [Connexion with dárvi-
very doubtful]
1. Pk. ḍōva—, ḍōa— m. ‘wooden spoon or vessel or
handle’; Gy. eur. roi f. ‘spoon’, SEeur. ṛoy, pal. dṓwi
‘large wooden spoon’; S. ḍ̱oī f. ‘spoon’; L. (Ju.) ḍ̱oī f.
‘small wooden spoon’; P. ḍoī f. ‘spoon’; Or. ḍuā ‘spoon
for stirring boiling rice’; Bi. ḍoī f. ‘spoon’; Mth. ḍoi
‘spoon’ (used by Moslems ~ dābi < dárvi— used by
Hindus); H. ḍowā m. ‘large ladle’, ḍoī f. ‘spoon’; G.
ḍoī f. ‘spoon’, ḍoiyɔ m. ‘coconut shell used as bowl’.
— Ext. —r—: Sh. (Lor.) ḍōri ‘big wooden ladle’ (← H.?);
H. ḍorā m. ‘large ladle’, ḍorī f. ‘ladle’; — —ll—: S. ḍ̱oilo
m. ‘spoon’; M. ḍoylī f. ‘oil—dipper (made of coconut
shell, mango stone, or wood)’.
2. L. mult. doī f. ‘small wooden spoon’.
5574 *ḍhakk— ‘cover’. 2. *ḍhaṅk—. [Cf. ḍhakkana— n.
‘shutting’ Śīl.]
1. Pk. ḍhakkaï ‘shuts’; S. ḍhakaṇu ‘to cover’; L.
ḍhakkaṇ ‘to imprison’; P. ḍhakkṇā ‘to cover’, Ku.
ḍhakṇo, N. ḍhāknu, A. ḍhākiba, B. ḍhākā, Bhoj. ḍhākal,
OMarw. ḍhakaï; — Pk. ḍhakkiṇī— f. ‘lid’, S. ḍhakkaṇī f.,
P. ḍhakṇā m., °ṇī f., WPah. bhad. ḍhakkaṇ n., Ku.
ḍhākaṇ, N. ḍhakni, A. ḍhākni, B. ḍhākan, ḍhāknā, °ni;
Bi. ḍhaknā ‘cover of grain—pot’, Mth. ḍhākni; Bhoj.
ḍhaknī ‘lid’. — Poss. K. ḍākürü
f. ‘wide shallow basket’;
N. ḍhāki ‘basket’, ḍhākar ‘a kind of large basket’; Bi.
mag. ḍhākā ‘large open basket’; — P. ḍhakkā m. ‘pass
between two hills’.
2. Pk. ḍhaṁkissaï ‘will cover’; Kho. (Lor.) ḍaṅgeik ‘to
cover, shut, bury’; Phal. ḍhaṅg— ‘to bury’; Or. ḍhaṅkibā
‘to cover’, H. ḍhā̃knā, Marw. ḍhā̃kṇo, G. ḍhā̃kvũ, M.
ḍhā̃kṇẽ; — Pk. ḍhaṁkaṇa— n., °ṇī— f. ‘cover, lid’, Or.
ḍhāṅkuṇi, H. ḍhãknī f., G. ḍhā̃kṇũ n., °ṇī f., M. ḍhā̃kaṇ
n., ḍhā̃kṇī f.
*ḍhagga— ‘defective’ see *ḍagga—2.
*ḍhaṅk— ‘cover’ see *ḍhakk—.
*ḍhaṅkha— ‘defective’ see *ḍagga—2.
Addenda: *ḍhakk—1: S.kcch. ḍhakṇū ‘to cover, shut (a door)’,
WPah.kṭg. (kc.) ḍhàkṇõ;, Garh. ḍhakṇu; A. ḍhākiba
(phonet. dh—) ‘to cover’, G. ḍhākvũ, M. ḍhākṇẽ.
5575 *ḍhaḍḍha—
1 ‘fat, swollen’. [Prob. belongs to group
*ḍhēḍḍha—1 ‘lump’]
WPah. jaun. ḍhāṛū ‘male cat’; N. ḍhāṛi ‘massive,
large, fat’, ḍhāṛe ‘male (usu. of cats)’; — G. ḍhā̃ḍhɔ m.
‘ox’, ḍhā̃ḍhũ n. ‘dead ox or buffalo’.
*ḍhaḍḍha—
2 ‘belly’ see *ḍhiḍḍha—2.
5576 *ḍhaḍḍha—
3 ‘drum’. [Onom.]
Pk. ḍhaḍḍha— m. ‘drum’; L. ḍhaḍḍh f. ‘sounding the
drum rapidly to call men together’.
Addenda: *ḍhaḍḍha—3: deriv. OP. P. ḍhāḍhī m. ‘bard, minstrel’.
5577 *ḍhaḍḍhara— ‘hollow’.
Pk. ḍhaḍḍhara— ‘old’; S. ḍhaḍharu m. ‘hollow in tree-
trunk, belly of a vessel’.
5578 *ḍhaṇḍha— ‘mud, pool’.
Pk. ḍhaṁḍha—, ḍhaṁḍharia— m. ‘mud’; S. ḍhaṇḍha f.
‘pond’; L. ḍhann f. ‘deep pool’; P. ḍhannh, ḍhann,
ḍhaṇḍ f. ‘pond, lake’.
5579 *ḍhapp— ‘cover’. 2. *ḍhamp—. [Cf. *ḍhakk—, *jhapp—2]
1. P. ḍhappṇā ‘to cover’; WPah. rudh. ḍhappnā, śeu.
ḍhappṇū ‘to shut cattle in cowshed’, bhal. ḍhapp m.
‘sparrow—trap’; Ku. ḍhapīṇo ‘to be covered’, °pyūṇo ‘to
prevent, foreclose’; N. ḍhāpnu ‘to cover’, ḍhapni ‘lid’;
A. ḍhāp ‘embankment’, ḍhāpar ‘roof of boat’, ḍhāpali
‘bamboo screen’; Mth. ḍhapnā ‘cover of a granary’;
H. ḍhāpnā ‘to cover’, ḍhapnī f. ‘lid’; M. ḍhāpā m.
‘ridge—tile’.
2. Ku. ḍhā̃pṇo ‘to cover’, Or. ḍhāmpibā, H. ḍhā̃pnā;
M. ḍhā̃pṇẽ ‘id.’, ḍhā̃pṇī f. ‘lid’.
Addenda: *ḍhapp— ‘cover’. 1. WPah.kṭg. ḍhàppi
f. ‘roofed place,
verandah’.
3. †;*ḍhabb—: WPah.kṭg. ḍhàbbi
f. id.; H. ḍhābā m.
‘thatched roofing’.
5580 *ḍhappa— ‘lump’. 2. *ḍhaba—. 3. *ḍhabba—.
4. *ḍhippa—. 5. *ḍhibba—. 6. ḍhēppa—. 7. *ḍhēmpa—.
8. *ḍhēba— (cf. ḍhēvvukā— f. ‘a coin’ Kathārṇ.).
9. *ḍhēbba—. 10. ḍhēmba—. 11. *ḍhubba—.
12. *ḍhōmpa—. [See list of words for ‘lump’ with initial
ḍh— s.v. *ḍhikka—1]
1. Ku. ḍhapuwā ‘pice, money’; H. ḍhappū ‘podgy’.
2. P. ḍhaūā m. ‘copper coin of 2 pice’.
3. P. ḍhabūā m. = prec.; H. ḍhabbū, ḍhabuā m. ‘un-
stamped lump of copper’, ḍhabbūs ‘podgy’; M. ḍhabak
n., ḍhabkā m. ‘large lump’, ḍhabbaḷ ‘large and clumsy’.
4. Gaw. ḍipa—dánt ‘back—tooth’; Ku. ḍhipko ‘hillock,
ridge’; A. ḍhip ‘mound of earth raised as a mark’; B.
ḍhipi ‘heap’, ḍhiplā ‘protuberance, knob, stopper’; Or.
ḍhipa ‘mound of earth, hillock, high ground’; H. ḍhīp,
°pā m. ‘lump, clump’; M. ḍhipaḷ, °pūḷ n. ‘lump, clod’.
5. L. ḍhibbī f. ‘rocky knoll, hill’; P. ḍhibbā m. ‘heap of
sand, hill’; N. ḍhibri ‘nut of a bolt, earthenware lamp’;
B. ḍhibi ‘heap’; Or. ḍhibi ‘nut of a bolt’; Bhoj. ḍhibarī
‘small lamp’; H. ḍhibuā m. ‘unstamped lump of copper’,
ḍhibkā m. ‘lump, protuberance’, ḍhibrī f. ‘nut of a bolt’.
6. Ku. ḍhepuwā ‘pice, money’; N. ḍhep ‘quire of
Nepalese paper’, ḍhepnu ‘to press close’; B. ḍhepā
‘rising of liquids’, ḍhepsā ‘swollen’; Or. ḍhepa ‘high (of
land)’; H. ḍhep, °pā m. ‘lump’; G. ḍhepũ, ḍhephũ,
ḍheplũ n. ‘clod’; M. ḍhep n. ‘clod, mass of papers &c.’,
ḍhepṇẽ ‘to close and get firm’.
7. M. ḍhẽp n. ‘clod, mass of papers &c.’, ḍhẽpaḷ n.
‘clod’, ḍhẽpśī f. ‘lump of cowdung burnt to ashes’.
8. Tor. ḍe ‘part, share’; P. ḍheī f. ‘heap, small pile’;
N. ḍheuwā ‘pice, money’; B. ḍheu ‘swelling’.
9. S. ḍheḇiro m. ‘a kind of cake’; N. ḍheb ‘quire of
Nepalese paper’, ḍhebuwā ‘pice, money’, ḍhebri ‘nut of
a bolt’, Bhoj. ḍhebuā ‘pice’; H. ḍhebuā m. ‘unstamped
lump of copper equal to one paisā’, ḍhebrī f. ‘lump’; G.
ḍhebrũ n. ‘thick cake’; M. ḍhebrẽ n. ‘large and spreading
nose’.
10. M. ḍhẽbūs n. ‘lump, bump’.
11. M. ḍhubā m. ‘little hill’.
12. M. ḍhõ;pā m. ‘knee’, ḍhõ;par, ḍhop° n.m. ‘knee,
elbow, shoulder, middle joint of fingers, cheekbone,
hip’.
*ḍhaba—, *ḍhabba— ‘lump’ see prec.
*ḍhamp— ‘cover’ see *ḍhapp—.
*ḌHAR ‘fall’: *āḍḍharati. — See √ḍhal.
*ḌHAL ‘fall’: *ḍhalati, *ḍhālayati; *avaḍḍhāla—,
*āḍḍhalati, *uḍḍhālayati, *niḍḍhalati; — *āḍḍha-
rati. — *ḍāl—, √dhvr̥?
Addenda: *ḍhappa—. 3. *ḍhabba—: S.kcch. ḍhabū ‘partic. copper
coin’.
†;*ḍhabb— ‘cover’ see *ḍhapp—.
*ḍhabba— ‘lump’ see *ḍhappa— Add2.
5581 *ḍhalati ‘bends over, falls’. 2. Caus. *ḍhālayati.
[Perh. < dhvárati ‘bends, causes to fall’ RV. (K. points
to —r—, see *āḍḍhalati); *ḍhulati similarly < *dhurati
(cf. aor. adhūrṣata RV.). But cf. *ḍāl—. — √*ḍhal]
1. Pk. ḍhalaï ‘falls, drips’; K. ḍalun ‘to slip, stumble,
be displaced’; S. ḍharaṇu ‘to descend, run down, pour
in (of water)’; L. ḍhalaṇ ‘to decline, flow down a slope’;
P. ḍhalṇā ‘to be poured out, fall, melt’; WPah. bhal.
ḍhalṇū ‘to fall’, Ku. ḍhalṇo; N. ḍhalnu ‘to topple over’;
A. ḍhaliba ‘to lean’, B. ḍhalā; Or. ḍhaḷibā ‘to stumble,
reel, incline’; Bi. ḍharab ‘to empty (the bucket at a
well)’; Mth. ḍharab ‘to flow, drop, hang down’; OAw.
ḍharaï ‘flows down, falls, melts’; H. ḍharnā ‘to flow
down’, ḍhalnā ‘to topple over’; OMarw. ḍhalaï ‘falls,
declines’; G. ḍhaḷvũ ‘to slip, be poured out’; M.
ḍhaḷṇẽ ‘to lean over’. — Ext. with —kk—: S. ḍharkaṇu ‘to
roll’; P. ḍhalaknā ‘to lean over, be spilt’; WPah.
cam. ḍhaḷakṇā ‘to be pushed away’; Ku. ḍhalkaṇo ‘to
overflow’; N. ḍhalkanu ‘to lean over, lie down’; B.
ḍhalkā ‘to get loose’; H. ḍhalaknā ‘to lean over, be
spilt’; G. ḍhaḷaktũ ‘leaning’.
2. Pk. ḍhālaï ‘throws down, makes nod’; K. ḍālun ‘to
remove, throw’; S. ḍhāraṇu ‘to cause to alight, pour
out’; P. ḍhālaṇā ‘to pour, throw, melt’; Ku. ḍhālṇo ‘to
fill, throw, cut down’; N. ḍhālnu ‘to fell’; A. ḍhāliba ‘to
pour’, B. ḍhālā, Or. ḍhāḷibā, Mth. ḍhārab, Bhoj. ḍhāral,
H. ḍhārnā, ḍhālnā, G. ḍhāḷvũ; M. ḍhāḷṇẽ ‘to smooth the
clods in a field, to shed its lustre (of a pearl)’.
*ḍhalla— ‘lump’ see *ḍala—.
Addenda: *ḍhalati. 1. WPah.kṭg. ḍhɔ̀ḷnõ; ‘to fall, set (of sun),
flow’, J. ḍhaḷṇu.
2. *ḍhālayati: WPah.kṭg. ḍhàḷnõ; ‘to throw, pour
down, chop (wood)’; J. ḍhāḷṇu ‘to cause to melt’.
5582 *ḍhākka— ‘back, waist’.
Wg. ḍakā́ ‘waist’; Dm. ḍā̃k, ḍaṅ ‘back’, Shum. ḍäg,
Woṭ. ḍāg, Gaw. ḍáka; Kal. rumb. ḍhak ‘waist’, urt.
ḍhā̃k ‘back’; Bshk. ḍāk ‘waist’, d(h)āk ‘back’ AO xviii
233; Tor. ḍāk, ḍāg ‘back’, Mai. ḍāg, ḍā; Phal. ḍōk
‘waist, back’; Sh. ḍāki̯ f. ‘back, small of back’, pales.
ḍāko; S. ḍhāka f. ‘hip’, L. ḍhāk; P. ḍhāk f. ‘side, hip’.
5584 *ḍhikk— ‘bellow’. 2. *ḍhēṅk—.
1. Pk. ḍhikkaï ‘bellows’, ḍhikkiya— n. ‘camel's roaring’,
cf. ḍikkaï ‘roars (of camel)’; S. ḍhikaṇu ‘to groan, low’,
ḍhika f. ‘groan, lowing’; L. ḍhikkaṇ ‘to low softly’,
ḍhikk f. ‘bellow’.
2. Pk. ḍheṁkiya— n. ‘camel's roaring’; M. ḍhẽkṇẽ ‘to
bellow at’, ḍhẽk f. ‘bellowing of a bull’.
Addenda: *ḍhikk— [Cf. *ḍakkāra—]
WPah.J. ḍhikki f. ‘hiccup’.
5585 *ḍhikka—
1 ‘lump’. 2. *ḍhigga—
1. 3. *ḍhēkka—
1.
4. *ḍhēgga—. 5. *ḍhēṅka—
1. 6. *ḍhēṅga—.
7. *ḍhuṅga—. 8. *dhōṅga—
1. [Other word—groups mean-
ing ‘lump’ with initial ḍh, dh, ḍ—, d—, s.vv. *ḍhicca-
(*ḍhiñca—), *ḍhēsa— (*ḍhēṁsa—), *ḍhēḍḍha—1 (*ḍhēṇḍha—1,
*ḍhiṇḍha—1, *dhiḍḍha—), *ḍhappa— (*ḍhaba—, *ḍhabba—,
*ḍhippa—, *ḍhibba—, *ḍhēppa—, *ḍhēmpa—, *ḍhēba—,
*ḍhēbba—, *ḍhēmba—, *ḍhubba—, *ḍhōmpa—), *ḍhīmma-
(*ḍhēmma—, *ḍhōmma—), *ḍhēra—1 (*dhēra—), *ḍippa-
(*ḍibba—2), *ḍala— (*ḍalla—1, *ḍilla—, *ḍēlla—, *ḍhalla—,
*ḍhilla—1, *ḍhēlla—1, *ṭēla—, dala—1, *dilla—), *dikka-
(*digga—). — ḍimba—1, ḍimbha—3?]
1. Kho. (Lor.) ḍik ‘penis (used as a term of abuse)’;
K. ḍĕka m. ‘forehead’; N. ḍhiko ‘lump (of salt)’, ḍhik
‘fat useless ox’, ḍhikuro ‘heap, mound’, ḍhikanā ‘lump,
clod’; M. ḍhikḷī f. ‘small heap’, ḍikhaḷ f. ‘clot, clod,
lump’.
2. S. ḍhiǥu m. ‘lump’, L. (Ju.) ḍhiǥ m. ‘heap’; P. ḍhigg
m. ‘high bank, hill’; N. ḍhig ‘bank’; H. ḍhīg m. ‘large
mass’; OG. ḍhīga m. ‘heap’; M. ḍhīg m. ‘large heap,
mass’, ḍhigī f. ‘a prop’.
3. Ku. ḍheko (pl. ḍhyākā) m. ‘clod, lump’; B. ḍheka
‘much’; G. ḍhekɔ m. ‘protuberance’; M. ḍhekḷī f. ‘clot,
small heap’.
4. Or. ḍhegā ‘egg—shaped, oval and protruding’
[semant. cf. ḍimba—1]
5. N. ḍhiṅgri ‘nut of a bolt’; Or. ḍheṅkaḷā ‘clods of
earth for throwing, brickbats’; M. ḍhẽkaḷ, °kūḷ n. ‘clod’.
6. Ku. ḍhyāṅā ‘loins, haunches, hips’; Mth. ḍhẽg
‘stump of a tree’; M. ḍhẽg n. ‘groin’, ḍhẽgā m. ‘buttock’.
7. Ash. ḍuṅä ‘scrotum’; Wg. zō—ḍuṅ ‘heart’; M. ḍhũg
n. ‘the buttocks’; — Wg. düṅnä ‘scrotum’, j̈or—duṅa
‘heart’ or perh. < 8.
8. M. dhõ;gā m. ‘buttock’.
*ḍhiggākara—.
*ḍhikka—
2 ‘weight on lever’ see *ḍhēṅka—2.
*ḍhikka—
3 ‘crane’ see dhvā́ṅkṣa—.
*ḍhigga—
1 ‘lump’ see *ḍhikka—1.
Addenda: *ḍhikka—
1. 1. S.kcch. ḍhiko ‘the hip’.
3. *ḍhigga—1: S.kcch. ḍhiggh m. ‘heap’, G. ḍhaglo
m. (AKŚ 43).
5. *ḍhēṅka—1: S.kcch. ḍhẽko m. ‘clod, lump’.
*ḍhigga—
1 ‘lump’ see *ḍhikka—1 Add2.
5586 *ḍhigga—
2 ‘side, direction’.
Gy. wel. rum. rig f. ‘side’, boh. rik f., germ. gr. rik
m.; P. ḍhig ‘near, by, with’; Ku. ḍhīk ‘edge, corner’;
H. ḍhig m. ‘side, quarter’, postp. with ke ‘near’.
5587 *ḍhiggākara— ‘heap of lumps’. [*ḍhigga—1, ākará—]
H. ḍhigār m. ‘heap, pile’, G. ḍhīgār m.
*ḍhiṅka—
1 ‘weight on lever’ see *ḍhēṅka—2.
*ḍhiṅka—
2 ‘defective’ see *ḍagga—2.
*ḍhiṅka—
3 ‘crane’ see dhvā́ṅkṣa—.
5588 *ḍhicca— ‘lump, heap’. 2. *ḍhiñca—. [See list s.v.
*ḍhikka—1]
1. Ku. ḍhīc, ḍhicc m. ‘heap, abundance’, ḍhīco ‘heap,
pile (e.g. of boiled rice)’; G. ḍhīc ‘strong and stout’.
2. G. ḍhı̄̃caṇ n.m. ‘knee’.
*ḍhiñca— ‘lump’ see prec.
*ḍhiḍḍha—
1 ‘lump’ see *ḍhēḍḍha—1.
5589 *ḍhiḍḍha—
2 ‘belly’. 2. *ḍiḍḍha—. 3. *ḍhiṇḍha—
2.
4. *ḍhēḍḍha—
2. 5. *ḍhēṇḍha—
2. 6. *ḍhēra—
2.
7. *ḍhaḍḍha—
2. 8. *dhaḍḍha—. [Same as *ḍhēḍḍha—1,
ḍhēra—1?]
1. S. ḍhiḍhu m. ‘belly’, L. ḍhiḍḍh m., awāṇ. ḍhiḍ,
P. ḍhiḍḍ(h) m., ḍhiḍḍī f.; Mth. ḍhīṛhā ‘gravid womb’;
H. ḍhīṛh ‘id.’, ḍhīḍhā m. ‘back’.
2. S. ḍ̱iḍhu m. ‘belly’, °ḍho m. ‘id., centre piece of
a paper kite’.
3. H. ḍhı̄̃ṛhā m. ‘large belly, gravid womb’.
4. Sh. jij. ḍeṛi ‘belly’; — altern. < 6: Tor. ḍei, Phal.
ḍher f.
5. A. ḍhẽrā ‘pot—bellied’, H. ḍhẽḍhā m. ‘large belly,
gravid womb’.
6. Sh. pales. ḍērē ‘belly’, gil. (Lor.) ḍēr f.; — Tor.
Phal. see 4.
7. Bshk. ḍār ‘belly’.
8. Si. daḍa ‘belly’.
*ḍhiṇḍha—
1 ‘lump’ see *ḍhēḍḍha—1.
*ḍhiṇḍha—
2 ‘belly’ see *ḍhiḍḍha—2.
*ḍhippa—, *ḍhibba— ‘lump’ see *ḍhappa—.
5590 *ḍhila— ‘loose, slack’. 2. *ḍhilla—
2. [Prob. belongs to
group of ‘defective’ words s.v. *ṭuṇṭa—2 or ‘lump’
words cf. *ḍhilla—1 s.v. *ḍala— and has no connexion with
*śr̥thilá—]
1. S. ḍhiro ‘slack, loose’, Or. ḍhiḷā.
2. Pk. ḍhilla— ‘slow’; Paš. ḍilū́— ‘to be tired’ (verb?
IIFL iii 3, 65); K. ḍīl m. ‘slackness’, ḍyolu
‘loose,
slack’, ḍĕlun ‘to be loose’; S. ḍhilo ‘slow, loose, sterile,
giving little milk’; L. ḍhillā ‘slow, late’, ḍhill f. ‘delay’,
awāṇ. ḍhil; P. ḍhillā ‘slack, slow, late’, ḍhill f. ‘delay’
(ḍhailā ‘lazy, loose’?); WPah. paṅ. ḍhillā ‘lazy’; Ku.
ḍhīlo ‘loose, slow, lazy’, ḍhīlḍhāl ‘delay’ (cf. jhīlo ‘loose,
weak’); N. ḍhilo ‘loose, late’, ḍhilāunu ‘to delay, be
slack’; A. ḍhil, °lā ‘loose, slow, late, easy, soft’; B.
ḍhila, °lā ‘loose, slack’; Or. ḍhilā ‘slow, late’, ḍhilibā ‘to
set cattle free to graze’; Bhoj. ḍhīl ‘slack, loose’, H.
ḍhīlā; OMarw. ḍhīla f. ‘delay’, Marw. ḍhīlo ‘slack,
loose’; G. ḍhīli
f., ḍhīlũ, M. ḍhīl f., ḍhilā.—See Add.
*ḍhilla—
1 ‘lump’ see *ḍala—.
*ḍhilla—
2 ‘slack’ see *ḍhila—.
Addenda: *ḍhila—. 2. *ḍhilla—2: WPah.kṭg. ḍhìllɔ ‘loose’, ḍhílhṇõ;
‘to get loose’.
*ḍhilla—
2 ‘slack’ see *ḍhila— Add2.
5591 *ḍhīmma— ‘lump’. 2. *ḍhēmma—. 3. *ḍhōmma—.
[Cf. *dhīmma—? — See list of words for ‘lump’ with
initial ḍh— s.v. *ḍhikka—1]
1. L. ḍhīm, pl. °mã f. ‘clod’, awāṇ. ḍhim ‘lump’; P.
ḍhīmh, ḍhīm f., °mā m. ‘clod’; Or. ḍhimā ‘pebble,
rubble’, ḍhimirā ‘hillocks’; H. ḍhīm, °mā m. ‘lump,
clod’; G. ḍhīmũ, ḍhīmṛũ, ḍhīmṇũ n. ‘big swelling or
bump, block of wood’, ḍhīmcũ n. ‘block of wood’; M.
ḍhimā m. ‘tump, hillock’.
2. L. ḍhem f. ‘clod’, P. ḍhemh f., H. ḍhem, °mā m.; M.
ḍhemā m. ‘a bump (on body, trees, &c.), dry spot in
a river’, ḍhemūs n. ‘bump’, ḍhemāī f. ‘corpulent woman’.
3. M. ḍhomaṇ n. ‘buttock’.
5592 *ḍhukyati ‘approaches’. [√ḍhauk]
Pk. ḍhukkaï ‘meets’; Sh. ḍukiní f. ‘fighting, quarrel’
(or < *ḍukka—?); S. ḍhukaṇu ‘to arrive’; L. ḍhukkaṇ
‘to come home (of cattle), be conveyed’; P. ḍhukkṇā
‘to approach, be obtained’; N. ḍhuknu ‘to lie in wait
for’; A. ḍhukiba ‘to enter’, ḍhukāiba ‘to come to an end,
die’; B. ḍhukā ‘to enter’; Or. ḍhukibā ‘to arrive at,
enter’, ḍhukāibā ‘to thrust in’; Bhoj. ḍhukal ‘to enter’;
H. ḍhū̆knā ‘to approach, crouch’; OMarw. ḍhukāvaï
‘brings near’; — Pk. ḍhukka— ‘met, present’; Kal. ḍhūk
‘meeting’; Sh. ḍok boĭki̯ ‘to meet, be obtained’.
*ḍhuṅga— ‘lump’ see *ḍhikka—1.
*ḍhubba— ‘lump’ see *ḍhappa—.
Addenda: *ḍhukyati: WPah.poet. ḍhvkṇo ‘to penetrate, invade’
(poss. ← H. Him.I 88).
5593 *ḍhulati ‘bends, falls, flows’. 2. Caus. *ḍhōlayati.
3. Pass. *ḍhulyatē. [Poss. < *dhurati beside dhvárati
see *ḍhalati]
1. P. ḍhulṇā ‘to incline, be attentive’; A. ḍhuliba ‘to
rock to and fro’; B. ḍhulā ‘to stagger, nod, doze’; Or.
ḍhuḷā ‘drowsing’, ḍhuḷāibā ‘to doze’; H. ḍhulnā ‘to
slope, slip forward, sink’.
2. S. ḍhoraṇu ‘to pour out’; P. ḍholaṇā tr. ‘to lean
towards’; Ku. ḍholṇo tr. ‘to fling, carry’, intr. ‘to fall’;
N. ḍholnu tr. ‘to spill’, intr. ‘to flow smoothly’; G.
ḍhoḷvũ ‘to pour out’; — NTS xii 158 tentatively relates
Dm. bâdorá, °ḍorá ‘flood’ < vāhá— with *ḍhōla—.
3. P. ḍullhaṇā ‘to be poured out’.
Addenda: *ḍhulati. 2. *ḍhōlayati: OMarw. (Vīsaḷa) 1 sg.fut.
ḍhoḷisuṁ vāi ‘I will fan’ (vāi < vātá—).
3. *ḍhulyatē: WPah.poet. ḍhvlṇo ‘to sway’.
*ḍhulyatē see *ḍhulati Add2.
*ḍhēṅka—
1 ‘lump’ see *ḍhikka—1 Add2.
5594 *ḍhussa— ‘swollen’. 2. *ḍhōssa—.
1. N. ḍhussa ‘swollen with wind’, ḍhussinu ‘to be
swollen’; B. ḍhusā ‘stout and lazy’.
2. N. ḍhose ‘fat, thick (of bread)’.
*ḍhūṇḍh— ‘seek’ see *dhūṇḍh—.
5595 *ḍhūss— ‘push’. 2. *ḍhōss—. 3. *dhūss—. [Cf.
*ṭhōss—, *ṭōss—]
1. N. ḍhusyāunu ‘to strike’, B. ḍhusā ‘to butt’; M.
ḍhusṇẽ ‘to poke, rush into’.
2. H. ḍhos m. ‘thrust’; G. ḍhosɔ m. ‘blow’, M. ḍhosā,
ḍhõ;sā m.
3. P. dhūsṇā ‘to cram, ram, butt’, dhūs, dhuss f.
‘rushing head—foremost’.
*ḍhēṁsa— ‘lump’ see *ḍhēsa—.
*ḍhēkka—
1 ‘lump’ see *ḍhikka—1.
*ḍhēkka—
2 ‘weight on lever’ see *ḍhēṅka—2.
*ḍhēkka—
3 ‘crane’ see dhvā́ṅkṣa—.
*ḍhēgga—. *ḍhēṅka—
1 ‘lump’ see *ḍhikka—1.
5596 *ḍhēṅka—
2 ‘weight on a lever’. 2. *ḍhēkka—
2.
3. *ḍhiṅka—
1. 4. *ḍhikka—
2. [Same as *ḍhikka—1?]
1. Pk. ḍheṁkā— f. ‘beam of a well’; S. ḍhı̄̃go m. ‘water-
wheel’; A. B. Or. ḍhẽki ‘rice—husking pedal’; Bi. ḍhẽkā
‘id.’, ḍhẽki ‘id., lever for raising water’; Mth. Bhoj.
ḍhẽkī ‘pounding or husking machine’; H. ḍhẽkā m.,
°kī f. ‘rice—husking pedal’, ḍhẽkuā m. ‘lever for drawing
water’. — Ext. —ll—: K. ḍē̃kalī f. ‘machine for drawing
water, dip well’; S. ḍhı̄̃gulo m. ‘waterwheel’; P. ḍhı̄̃galī
f. ‘well—bucket on a lever’; Bi. ḍhẽkuḷ, °lā ‘lever for
raising water’; Mth. ḍhẽkul ‘counterpoise for such a
lever’; H. ḍhẽklī f. ‘the lever’.
2. Mth. ḍhekī ‘pounding machine’; M. ḍhekī f. ‘pedal
for crushing lime’, ḍhekẽ n. ‘curved piece of wood which
presses down roller of oil mill’.
3. Or. ḍhiṅki ‘rice—husking machine’.
4. N. Or. ḍhiki ‘id.’; N. ḍhikuwā ‘horizontal beam of
oil press’.
*ḍhēṅka—
3 ‘a partic. kind of bird’ see dhvā́ṅkṣa—.
5597 *ḍhēṅkuṇa— ‘bug’. [Cf. *ḍhēṅka—1 and utkuṇa—:
semant. cf. *dikka— ‘lump’ ~ diṅka— ‘louse’]
Pk. ḍheṁkuṇa—, ḍhaṁkuṇa—, ḍēkuṇa— m. ‘bug’,
ḍhiṁkuṇa—, °kaṇa— m. ‘tick’; M. ḍhẽkuṇ, ḍhekuṇ m.
‘bug’, ḍhẽkṇī, ḍhekṇī f. ‘large stinking cockroach’.
*ḍhēṅga— ‘lump’ see *ḍhikka—1.
5598 *ḍhēḍḍha—
1 ‘lump’. 2. *ḍhēṇḍha—
1. 3. *ḍhiṇḍha—
1.
4. *ḍhiḍḍha—
1. 5. *dhiḍḍha—. [Cf. *ḍhaddha—1 and list
s.v. *ḍhikka—1]
1. H. ḍheṛ m. ‘heap’, ḍheṛhī f. ‘seed—pod’.
2. P. ḍhı̄̃ḍā m. ‘earth pellet’; WPah. jaun. ḍhē̃ḍā
‘circular’; N. B. ḍhẽṛi ‘seed—pod’, Bhoj. ḍhẽṛhī, H.
ḍhẽḍhī, ḍhẽṛī f.
3. WPah. jaun. ḍhiṇḍā ‘anything round’; Ku. ḍhino
‘lump, ball, heap’; N. ḍhı̃ṛi ‘seed—pod’; Or. ḍhiṇḍā
‘lump, handful’.
4. H. ḍhīṛ m.f. ‘heap’.
5. Sh. (Lor.) diḍu ‘bullet’.
*ḍhēḍḍha—
2 ‘belly’ see *ḍhiḍḍha—2.
*ḍhēṇḍha—
1 ‘lump’ see *ḍhēḍḍha—1.
*ḍhēṇḍha—
2 ‘belly’ see *ḍhiḍḍha—2.
*ḍhēppa—, *ḍhēba—, *ḍhēbba—, *ḍhēmpa—,
*ḍhēmba—, *ḍhēmma— ‘lump’ see *ḍhappa—.
5599 *ḍhēra—
1 ‘lump, heap’. 2. *dhēra—. [See list of words
for ‘lump’ with initial ḍh— (dh—) s.v. *ḍhikka—1]
1. Paš. ḍēr ‘heap’; K. ḍēr m. ‘heap, store, granary’;
S. ḍheru m. ‘heap’; L. ḍher ‘much, many’, ḍherī f.
‘hillock’, mult. ‘heap’; P. WPah.bhal. ḍher m. ‘ heap’;
Ku. ḍher ‘heap, large quantity’, ḍheri f. ‘heap’; N. ḍher,
°ri ‘heap, mass, bundle’; A. ḍher ‘much’, ḍheriba ‘to
heap up’, ḍerhi ‘surplus, excess’; B. ḍhera ‘much’,
ḍheri ‘heap’; Or. ḍhera ‘much’; Bi. ḍhērī ‘heap (of grain
or manure)’; Mth. ḍher, °rī ‘heap, quantity, much’;
Aw. lakh. ḍhēr ‘heap, many’; H. ḍher m., ḍherī f. ‘heap’,
G. ḍher m.; M. ḍher m. ‘large lump’, ḍherī f. ‘little
heap’.
2. N. dher, dherai ‘much, many’.
*ḍhēra—
2 ‘belly’ see *ḍhiḍḍha—2.
*ḍhēra—
3 ‘slanting, squinting’ see ṭēraka—.
*ḍhēlla—
1 ‘lump’ see *ḍala—.
Addenda: *ḍhēra—1: S.kcch. ḍherī f. ‘heap of thread’; WPah.kṭg.
ḍhḕr m. ‘heap’, J. ḍhēr.
5600 *ḍhēlla—
2 ‘defective’. [Cf. *ḍhilla—2 and list s.v.
*ṭuṇṭa—2]
Pk. ḍhella— ‘poor’.
5602 *ḍhēsa— ‘lump, heap’. 2. *ḍhēṁsa—. [Cf. *ḍhicca-
and list s.v. *ḍhikka—1]
1. P. ḍheī f. ‘heap’; N. ḍhesinu, ḍhessinu ‘to sit close
to’, ḍhesso ‘a push’, ḍhisko ‘hillock, bank of earth’; B.
ḍhesāna ‘to insinuate’; G. ḍheśkũ n. ‘a thick cake’,
ḍhesrɔ m. ‘heap of dung’; M. ḍhesṇẽ ‘to crowd, cram’.
2. Bhoj. ḍhẽsarāel ‘to be lazy’ (semant. cf. *ḍhilla—1
~ *ḍhilla—2); M. ḍhẽsẽ, ḍhẽsaṇ n. ‘groin’ (semant. cf.
*ḍhuṅga—).
*ḍhōkka—
1 ‘matting’ see *dhōkka—1.
5603 *ḍhōkka—
2 ‘rock’. 2. *ḍhōṅka—. [Perh. belongs to
same group as *ḍōṅga—2 s.v. *ṭakka—3]
1. Kho. (Lor.) ḍok ‘high ground, hillock, heap’; H.
ḍhok m. ‘large piece of broken stone’.
2. Ku. ḍhũgo ‘stone’, N. ḍhuṅgo.
*ḍhōṅkahāra—.
*ḍhōṅka— ‘rock’ see prec.
Addenda: *ḍhōkka—2: WPah.kc. ḍhōk m. ‘mountain slope,
peak’.
5605 *ḍhōṅga—
1 ‘projecting part of body’. [Cf. *ḍhuṅga-
‘lump’]
Ash. ḍoṅg, ḍoṅ, zā̃—ḍõmacr; (< jā́nu—) ‘knee’; Shum.
ḍuä̃lik ‘knee’, ḍuṅgurik ‘elbow’; Gaw. ḍuṅgɔ́ ‘knee’
(→ Woṭ. ḍṓṅga ‘lower leg’ Buddruss Woṭ 100), ḍuṅgī
‘elbow’; Sv. ḍuiṅgya ‘elbow, ankle—bone’; H. ḍhõ;gā m.
‘hip’. — Gy. pal. dṓni ‘knee’ (NTS ii 255) X jā́nu—?
5606 *ḍhōnga—
2 ‘hollow’.
Bshk. ḍoṅ ‘hole’; N. ḍhuṅro ‘hollow stem, funnel’.
5607 *ḍhōṭṭa— ‘defective’. [~ *ḍōṭṭa—. See list s.v.
*ṭuṇṭa—2]
N. ḍhoṭe ‘simple—minded, silly’.
*ḍhōḍḍhi—, *ḍhōṇḍhi— ‘navel’ see tundi—.
*ḍhōmpa— ‘lump’ see *ḍhappa—.
*ḍhōmma— ‘lump’ see *ḍhīmma—.
5609 *ḍhauka— ‘a present’. [Cf. ḍhaukana— n. ‘id.’ Rājat.-
√ḍhauk]
P. ḍhōā m. ‘a present (of fruits, &c.)’, Aw.lakh.
ḍhowā (semant. cf. *bhēṭṭ—).
5611 *ḍhaukyatē ‘is brought’. 2. *dhaukyatē. [√ḍhauk]
1. N. ḍhoknu, ḍhognu ‘to bow down before, salute
respectfully’; H. ḍhoknā ‘to lean against’; — Ku. ḍhok
‘obeisance’, N. ḍhok, ḍhog—bheṭ (whence —g in verb),
H. ḍhok f., OMarw. ḍhoka f.
2. H. dhoknā ‘to bow down before’, dhok f.
‘obeisance’.
5625 *tagg— ‘endure’. [Cf. *taṅga—?]
K. tagun ‘to be possible, be known how to be done’;
S. taǥaṇu ‘to last, endure’; P. tagṇā ‘to persevere, hold
out’; N. tagnu ‘to last, endure’, M. tagṇẽ.
5626 *
tagga— ‘mud’. [Cf. Bur.
t
*lg*l
ỵ ‘mud’]
Kho. (Lor.)
toq ‘mud, quagmire’; Sh.
tăgā́ ‘mud’; K.
tagöri
m. ‘a man who makes mud or plaster’; Ku.
tāgaṛ
‘mortar’; B.
tāgāṛ ‘mortar, pit in which it is prepared’.
*
taṅka— ‘pear’ see
ṭaṅka—
5.
5631 *taṭṭa—
1 ‘pot’.
Pa. taṭṭaka— m. ‘bowl for holding food, flat bowl’
(→ Tam. taṭṭam Kern Toev s.v.); M. tāṭ n. ‘rimmed
metal dining plate’; Ko. taṭṭẽ n. ‘small metal tumbler’;
Si. taṭuva ‘metal vessel, dish’.
*taṭṭa—
2 ‘defective’ see *ṭaṭṭa—.
*taṭṭu— ‘pony’ see *ṭaṭṭu—.
TAḌ
1 ‘strike’. [← Drav. J. Bloch BSOS v 737, T.
Burrow BSOAS xii 380]
*taḍati1, *taḍikā—, tā́ḍa—1, tāḍa—2, tāḍana—, tāḍá-
yati1, tāla—; *ātāḍayati, *uttāḍayati, vitāḍayati.
*TAḌ
2 ‘stretch’: *taḍati2, *taḍḍati, tāḍayati
2.
taḍaga— see taḍāga—.
Addenda: *taṭṭa—1: WPah.kc. tɔṭo m. ‘plate for cooking on’; M.
also tāṭh n., Ko. tāṭa.
TAḌ2: †;*vitāḍa—, †;*vitāḍayati
2.
5633 *taḍati
2 ‘stretches’. 2. *taḍḍati. 3. tāḍayati
2
‘(math.) multiplies’ Apte. [√*taḍ
2]
1. Pk. taḍia— ‘spread out’, taḍiṇa— ‘sparse’; P. taṛṇā
‘to be stretched’; N. tarnu ‘to make ready for slaughter
(by pulling an animal's head forward so that the neck
is stretched out)’, tarkanu ‘to be strained’; A. tariba
‘to open, spread (a net or curtain)’, ṭarāiba ‘to spread,
extend’.
2. Pk. taḍḍaï tr. ‘spreads out, makes’, paritaḍḍaviya-
‘well spread out’; P. ṭaḍḍṇā tr. ‘to open, spread out,
stretch’.
3. Pk. tāḍaï ‘multiplies’; Ash. tāṛ— ‘to think’; S. tāṛī
f. ‘absorption of mind, strong desire’; L. tāṛ m.
‘watching, vigil’; P. tāṛṇā ‘to ponder, understand,
frown’; Ku. tāṛṇo ‘to examine, test, estimate’; N. tāṛnu
‘to hazard a guess’; H. tāṛnā ‘to understand’; M. tāḍṇẽ
‘to investigate, discover, infer’.
5634 *taḍapphaḍ— ‘agitate’. [Cf. √taḍ
1 and traṭ—]
Pk. taḍapphaḍaï ‘crackles, is perturbed’; S. taṛphaṇu
‘to writhe, wriggle, be agitated’; P. taṛphaṛāuṇā ‘to
flutter, cause to flutter’, taṛphāuṇā ‘to agitate’; B.
taṛpāna ‘to frisk, flounce, wriggle (like a fish)’; H.
taṛphaṛnā, taṛpaṛnā, taṛapnā ‘to toss, roll about, be
anxious’; G. taṛphaṛvũ, tarph° ‘to toss about, flounce,
be agitated’; M. taḍphaḍṇẽ intr. ‘to toss about’, taḷapṇẽ
‘to be brandished’.
taḍā́ka— see taḍāga—.
5687 *tamana—
2 ‘dark’. [Same as tamana—1 n. ‘losing one's
breath’ ŚāṅkhŚr.? — See *tamara—. — √tam]
K. tamun m. ‘soot, similar black substance’, tamonu
‘sooty, blackened’.
5688 *tamara— ‘giddiness’. [Cf. tamrá—, r/n stem *tamar-
~ *taman— in *tamana—2. — √tam]
Ku. taũri ‘giddiness, dizziness’, M. tavar m.
5718 *
targa— ‘terrible, strong’. [Cf. Gk.
ta/rbos ‘fear’ EWA i
485: but see also *
taṅga—. — √tarj]
WPah.bhad.
ṭḷagṛo ‘strong’,
ṭḷagṛu n. ‘light’; H.
tagṛā ‘strong’ (→ N.
tagaṛo); G.
trāgũ n. ‘compulsion’;
— L.
trakṛā,
takṛā ‘strong, diligent’ with unexpl.
k.
TARJ ‘threaten’: *
targa—, tárjati, tarjana—.
Addenda: *
targa—: S.kcch.
takkaṛ f. ‘hastiness’,
takṛo ‘hasty’;
WPah.kṭg.
takṛɔ, Wkc.
tɔkṛo ‘strong, healthy’.
†;
tardá— see *
triḍḍa—.
5750 *tāḍa—
3 ‘fan—palm’, tāḍī—2 f. in tāḍī—puṭa— ‘palm—leaf’
Kād., tāla—2 m. ‘Borassus flabelliformis’ Mn., tālī—,
°lakī— f. ‘palm—wine’ W. [Cf. hintāla—]
Pa. tāla— m. ‘fan—palm’, Pk. tāḍa—, tāla—, tala— m., tāḍī—,
tālī— f., K. tāl m., P. tāṛ m., N. tār (tāṛ ← H.), A. tāl, B.
tāṛ, Or. tāṛa, tāṛi, tāḷa, Bi. tār, tāṛ, OAw. tāra, H. G. tāṛ
m., M. tāḍ m., Si. tala. — Gy. gr. taró m., tarí f. ‘rum’,
rum. tari ‘brandy’, pal. tar ‘date—spirit’; S. tāṛī f.
‘juice of the palmyra’; P. tāṛī ‘the fermented juice’;
N. tāṛī ‘id., yeast’ (← H.); A. tāri ‘the fermented juice’,
B. Or. tāṛi, Bi. tārī, tāṛī, Bhoj. tāṛī; H. tāṛī f. ‘the juice,
the fermented juice’; G. tāṛī f. ‘the juice’, M. tāḍī f. -
X hintāla— q.v.
tālavr̥nta—; *madatāḍikā—.
Addenda: tāḍa—3: S.kcch. tāṛ m. ‘palm tree’.
†;*tāḍarukṣa—.
5812 *tinta— ‘wet’. 2. *tinna—. [~ *stinta—; — cf. timita—.
— √tim]
1. Pa. tinta— ‘wet’, Pk. tiṁta—, Gy. rum. tindo, hung.
čindo, germ. rus. eng. wel. kindō, A. titā, MB. tita, B.
titā, Or. tintā; Mth. tī̆tal ‘wet, limp’; H. tītā ‘wet’; Si.
tet ‘wet’, teta ‘wetness’ (e from temanavā < *tēmayati);
— deriv. vbs.: Gy. rum. thind́ar ‘wets’; A. titiba ‘to be
wet’; B. titā ‘to become moist’, titāna ‘to moisten’.
2. Pk. tiṇṇa— ‘wet’, Ku. tino.
Addenda: *tinta—: Md. tet ‘wet’; A. titiba ‘to be wet’ AFD 337.
TIP ‘sprinkle’: †;*tēpya—.
5819 *timbila— ‘a partic. kind of tree’. 2. *triyambala—.
1. S. timiru ‘the tree Avicennia tomentosa’; — altern.
< 2: Ku. N. timilo ‘wild fig tree’.
2. P. taremal, tiamle, timbal m. ‘Ficus roxburghii
macrophylla’.
5824 *tirimiri— ‘dazzle’.
S. tirviri f. ‘dazzling, dimness, greasy spots on water’,
tirvirā m. pl. ‘a disease of the eyes in which things
appear indistinct, particles of dust in the air’; N.
tirimiri ‘dazzle, mistiness’, tirmir ‘dazzling light’,
tirmirāunu ‘to be dazzled’, tiribiri ‘sound of dripping
water’; A. tirbir ‘sparkle’; H. M. tirmirī f. ‘giddiness’;
H. tirmirānā ‘to be dazzled’.
5859 *tunda—3, ‘striking, sharp’. [√tud]
P. tund ‘piercing, sharp, keen, strong, pure’?
*tundati ‘strikes’. [Cf. nítundatē ‘pierces’ RV. -
√tud]
See tunná—1.
5864 *tuppa— ‘grease’. [Prob. like *cuppa— of non—Aryan
origin (Kan. tuppa ‘ghee’ DED 2685 is rather ← MIA.);
but it may have induced glossing of RV. tr̥prá—3 as
‘purōḍāśa—’ Sāy. and ‘ghee’ Uṇk.]
Pk. tuppa— ‘greasy, smeared with ghee’, n. ‘ghee’,
tuppia—, °pavia—, °palia— ‘smeared with ghee’, uttupiya-
‘oily’; G. M. tūp n. ‘ghee’, M. tupaṭ ‘oily’.
TUB ‘strike’: *tumba—2, túmbati, *tumbita—; — √tup.
tubara—
1 ‘astringent’ see tuvara—.
tubara—
2 ‘a pulse’ see tubarī—2.
5869 *tumba—
2 ‘obstruction, boss’. [√tub]
Or. tumbha ‘nave of wheel’; M. tũbā, tũbāḍā m. ‘plug,
back of axe, nave of wheel’; — Si. tum̆basa ‘mound
raised by white ants’ or < *stumba— (+?).
5930 *
tr̥pu— ‘sour’. [Cf. Russ.
terpkiy ‘sour’ < *
tr̥pŭkŭ and
poss. Psht.
trīw NTS xii 192. Other forms in
tr̥pra—
2
and *
tr̥psa— in Parth.
trifš, Bal.
trušp, Pers.
turuš ‘sour’
W. Henning BSOS ix 88]
Kt.
trui—zū ‘sour milk’, Wg.
trui—zƏr, Dm.
tru—c̣hı̄́ra,
Paš.ar.
trua—c̣hīr, chil.
l
ui—čīr, Gaw.
l
uzan—c̣hir (—
zan?),
Phal.
truṇu—c̣hı̄́r (< *
tr̥puna—?); — Tir.
trē ‘salt’ rather
<
tīvrá—.
5947 *tējila— ‘a partic. plant’. [Cf. tējanī— (°jinī— Npr.) f.
‘Sanseviera roxburghiana’ lex., ‘Zanthoxylon rhetsa’
Bhpr., taijana— ‘coming from this plant’ Kāṭh.: for
form cf. Pk. tēilla— = tēaṁsi— < tējasvin—: — √tij?]
Pk. tēāli— m. ‘a kind of tree’ (?); P. teilā m. ‘the shrub
Ribes grossularia (with small and intensely sour fruit
seldom eaten)’.
*tēntara—, *tēntulī— ‘tamarind’ see tintiḍī—.
*tēnduka— ‘ebony’ see tinduka—.
tēpati see *stēpa—.
5965 *tōtta—
1 ‘stammering’. 2. *thōttha—3. 3. *thōntha—
3.
1. P. totlā ‘stammering’; WPah. (Joshi) totḷā ‘lisping’;
N. tote ‘babbling, lisping’; B. totlā ‘stammering’, Or.
totaḷā, °alā, Mth. totrāh, H. totar, totlā, G. totḷũ, totlũ,
totṛũ, M. totḷā, totrā; — P. totlāuṇā ‘to stammer’; Ku.
tutlāṇo ‘to talk wildly’.
2. Or. thothā, thotaṛā (dial. thutrā, thathrā) ‘stammer-
ing’, thotā ‘idiot’.
3. A. thõ;tā ‘stammering’; Mth. thõ;tī ‘babbler,
garrulous’.
*tōtta—
2 ‘blue vitriol’ see tutthá—.
5972 *
tōba— ‘bag’. [Cf.
ṭōpara— ‘small bag’ Dhūrtas. (but
see *
ṭōppa—
2) and Ir. *
tūbraka— in Pers. Psht.
tōbra,
tūbra ‘nose—bag’ (→ P. H.
tobrā → Bi.
tobṛā, G.
tobrɔ,
M.
tobrā), EBal.
thīra
g (→ Brah.
tūra), Bakhtiyari
turba, Kurd.
tūrik]
B.
to ‘fold’; — ext. —
ḍ—: L.
ṭoṛā m. ‘bag hung round
a cluster of dates’; P.
toṛā m. ‘moneybag’; Ku.
toṛo
‘bag (esp. of rupees)’; B. Or. H.
toṛā m. ‘leather
moneybag’ (→ N.
toṛā), G.
toṛɔ m.; M.
toḍā m. ‘bag’. -
B.
torā ‘purse’ ← Bi.?
5977 *tōrī— ‘gourd’. [Poss. < *tubara— ~ tumba—1]
P. torī f. ‘a small gourd’; Ku. toriyā̃ ‘autumnal fruit
of a creeper of which vegetable food is made’; N. toriyo,
°iũ, pl. °iyā, °iyā̃ ‘gourd (eaten as a vegetable)’; B. torā
‘pottage’.
*tōla— ‘group’ see *ṭōla—.
5987 *traṅga—
2 ‘piece of cloth’. [Cf. *truṅga—]
K. trongu
m. ‘worn rag’; L. taraṅgaṛ, °ṛī, tarāṅgaṛī f.
‘large—meshed net for loading on pack animals’, P.
taṅgaṛ m.; N. ṭāṅ—ṭuṅ ‘odds and ends’.
5989 *traṭṭ— ‘crackle’. [Cf. traṭ—]
Sh. c̣ăṭ f. ‘crack’; M. taṭ—taṭṇẽ ‘to crackle’; Si. taṭa-
taṭa ‘trembling’.
*uttraṭṭati.
5990 *traṭṭa— ‘woven work’. 2. *traḍḍa—. [Cf. *thaṭṭha—1]
1. Pa. taṭṭikā— f. ‘mat’, taṭṭaka— m. ‘flat bowl’; Pk.
taṭṭī— f. ‘hedge’, ṭaṭṭī—, °ṭiā— f. ‘screen, curtain’; K.
ṭāṭh, dat. °ṭas m. ‘sackcloth’; S. ṭaṭī f. ‘Hindu bier’; L.
traṭṭī f. ‘screen’; P. taraṭṭī, ṭaṭṭī f. ‘bamboo matting,
screen’; Ku. ṭāṭ ‘sackcloth’, N. tāṭ, ṭāṭ,; A. ṭāṭi ‘bamboo
fence’; B. ṭāṭ ‘temporary roofing, shed’, ṭāṭi ‘bamboo
mat’; Or. tāṭa ‘big wicker tray’, tāṭi, ṭā° ‘bamboo mat’;
Mth. ṭāṭ ‘mat, screen’; Bhoj. ṭāṭ, °ṭī ‘bamboo thatch’;
H. ṭāṭ f. ‘sackcloth, mat’, °ṭī f. ‘bamboo matting’; G.
tāṭ, ṭāṭ n. ‘sackcloth’, tāṭũ n. ‘bamboo seat’, trāṭī, tāṭī,
ṭā° f. ‘bamboo matting’; M. tāṭ n. ‘sackcloth’ (taraṭ n.
← G.), f. ‘quickset hedge’, tāṭī f. ‘light bamboo frame’,
taṭkẽ n. ‘matted or wattled frame’; — prob. WPah.
bhad. khaś. ṭḷāṭ ‘common grass’.
2. L.awāṇ. traḍḍā ‘torn mat’; — WPah.rudh. trāṛ
‘common grass’.
*traḍḍa— ‘matting’ see prec.
TRAP ‘jump, show feeling’: *tarpati, *tr̥pyati Add.,
tr̥prá—1, *trapa—, trápatē, trāpáyati *avatrapatē,
*avatrapya—.
*trapa— ‘jump’ in *markaṭatrapa—. [√trap]
Addenda: *traṭṭa—: WPah.kṭg. taṭi
f. ‘plot of land in front of a
house’ ← H. or EP.
6010 *trāgga— or *tārga— or *tāgra— ‘thread’. [Cf. *dhāgga—]
Pk. tagga— n. ‘gold thread, thread—bracelet’; K.
tagürü
f. ‘thread round a woman's waist’; P. tarāgī,
tarāgaṛī, taṛāgī, taṛāgaṛī f. ‘string round waist’, tāgā,
taggā m. ‘thread’; Ku. tāg ‘quilting cotton’, tāgo m.
‘thread—ceremony’; N. tāgā ‘thread, sacred thread’; B.
tāgā ‘thread’, Or. tāgā̆, OAw. H. tāgā m., G. trāgɔ,
trāgṛɔ, tāgṛɔ m.; M. tāg m. ‘plant from which a kind of
hemp is made’; — S. tāǥaṇu ‘to stitch’ (lw. with t—); P.
taggṇā ‘to sew up a wound’; N. tagnu ‘to quilt with
cotton’; Or. tāgibā ‘to sew with thick cotton’; H.
tāgnā ‘to quilt’. — X pragrahá—: Bi. tagahī ‘tethering
rope for cattle’.
6024 *triḍḍa— and *tiḍḍa— ‘locust, grasshopper’. [L. < tri°,
S. and poss. all others, incl. P. and G., < ti°: perh. ←
Mu. PMWS 135]
Pk. tiḍḍa— m., °ḍī— f., teḍḍa— m. ‘a grain—eating insect,
locust’; S. tiḍ̱o m. ‘cricket, cockroach’, tiḍ̱ī̆ f. ‘insects
such as these’; L. triḍḍā, ‘an acrid insect’, (Shahpur)
triḍḍā, (Ju.) tiḍḍā m. ‘grasshopper’; P. tiḍḍā, ṭiḍḍā m.
‘locust’, Bi. ṭīṛī, (SWShahabad) ṭirrī, H. tiḍḍā m.,
°ḍī f., ṭiḍḍī, ṭīṛī f., G. tīḍ m., ṭīḍ n.— L.mult.
ṭiṇḍāṇā m. ‘firefly’; P. ṭiḍāṇā, ṭaḍ°, ṭiḍiāṇā, ṭaḍ°, tināṇā,
taṇāṇā m. ‘firefly’, ṭiṇḍaṇ m., ṭiṇḍāṇī f. ‘general name for
beetles’.
tridivasa— ‘tertian (of fever)’ AgP. [tri—, divasá—]
See next.
Addenda: *triḍḍa—, cf. tardá— m. ‘a noxious insect’ AV.
(T. Burrow JRAS 1967 42).
6028 *trip— ‘be wet’. [Cf. √*trim, √tim, √stim, √tip, √stip]
Kt. tréwelƏ ‘wet’; Ash. trupalä ‘wet, moist’, Wg.
trupala, trә́pala, tr̥pә́lë, Paš.kuṛ. tapaliwṓ (< *tripya—?).
— Less prob. < tr̥pála—.
6039 *trimyati ‘becomes wet’. [~ tímyati. — √*trim]
S. ṭrimaṇu ‘to ooze’, ṭrimiṇo ‘leaky’, ṭrimṭrimi f.
‘dripping’; L. trimmaṇ ‘to drop, distil, leak’, trimmo f.
‘leaking, distillation’.
6062 *truṅga— ‘piece of cloth’. [Cf. *traṅga—2]
K. trọ̆ngu
m. ‘bundle of rags’; N. ṭāṅ—ṭuṅ ‘odds and
ends’; Or. ṭuṅgeibā ‘to cut into pieces’.
TRUṬ ‘break’. [Prob. (despite P. Tedesco JAOS 73, 80
who derives from MIA. *truṭṭa—, Pk. tuṭṭa— ‘broken’ <
*tr̥tta— pp. of tr̥ṇátti) with EWA i 586 of non—Aryan
origin: cf. tōṭayati ‘breaks’ Rājat., vitruḍyati ‘excoriates’
KātyŚr.com. (tuḍáti, tṓḍati, túṇḍatē Dhātup.) and
tōṭaka— (Daśar.), trōṭaka— n. ‘altercation’ (túṭati,
túḍḍati, tuḍati, tṓḍatē Dhātup.)]
trúṭati, truṭi—1, trúṭyati, *truṇṭati, trōṭa—,
trōṭaka—, trōṭáyati; *uttruṭyati, *vitruṭati.
6066 *truṇṭati ‘breaks’. [Cf. cúṇṭati. — √truṭ]
L. truṇḍaṇ, taruṇḍaṇ ‘to take a little from a large
quantity, pilfer’ (semant. cf. Eng. to break into), awāṇ.
truṇḍuṇ ‘to pluck’; P. taruṇḍṇā tr. ‘to break’.
TRUP ‘pierce, hurt’. [Cf. √truph and forms without
r (tupáti, tṓpati, túmpati, tupháti, tṓphati, túmphati
‘hurts’ Dhātup., prastumpati ‘butts’) which are prob.
of IE. origin EWA i 512; but ac. to T. Burrow BSOAS
xii 142 √trup is ← Drav. see DED 2743. — For
semant. development ‘pierce—abort’ cf. śūlatē, śalyá—]
*trupati, *trúpyati, trúmpati, *trōpa—, trṓpati,
*trōpyatē.
6067 *trupati ‘hurts’, tupáti Dhātup. [~ *truphati. — √trup]
S. ṭruijaṇu ‘to miscarry (only of animals)’, L. tarūṇā,
poṭh. tarūṇā, P. tūṇā; Ku. gng. tuiã ‘aborted (of cattle)’;
H. tūnā ‘to leak, fall, miscarry (of foetus or child)’;
G. tarvāvũ ‘to miscarry (only of animals)’; — N.
tuhunu ‘to have a miscarriage, die in the womb’,
tuhāunu ‘to miscarry, cast young’ poss. < *truphati.
Addenda: trúpati: WPah.kṭg. cv̄ṇõ; ‘to have an abortion’.
6068 *
trupyati or *
trupnāti ‘pierces’. [√
trup]
Paš.kuṛ.
l
upiyém ‘I sew’, Woṭ.
tuph— Buddruss
Woṭ 129 < *
thup— ← Gaw.
l
üpe—, Sv.
l
up—; K.
trọ̌pu
m. ‘stitching’; WPah.bhal.
ṭḷupp f. ‘sewing’; P.
tuppṇā
‘to sew’,
tarupṇā,
turpṇā,
turupṇā, ḍog.
truppanī f.
‘needle’ (→ Ku.
turpaṇo ‘to sew a cloth double’; A.
turup ‘hem’; B.
turpā ‘to pierce, sew’; Or.
turpibā ‘to
make simple long stitches’; H.
turupnā ‘to hem’);
G.
ṭupvũ ‘to pierce, prick’; M.
ṭupṇẽ ‘to pierce, enter,
thrust (e.g. a needle) into’.
TRUPH ‘miscarry’: *
truphati; — √trup.
Addenda: *
trupyati: WPah.kṭg.
chúpṇõ; (
cú—?) ‘to pierce, prick’,
chópṇõ; (
có—?) id.
6069 *truphati ‘miscarries’. [~ *trupati. — Cf. trṓphati
Dhātup. — √truph]
L.awāṇ. trū̀uṇ ‘to give still birth to’; — N. tuhunu
‘to have a miscarriage, to be still—born’, tuhāunu ‘to
miscarry, cast young’ or poss. < trúpati.
6071 *trēḍḍa— ‘slanting, squinting’. 2. *trēḍḍha—. [Cf.
ṭēraka— and *śrēḍa—]
1. S. ṭreḍ̱o ‘slanting, cross—eyed’; Ku. ṭeṛo ‘cross,
perverse’; N. ṭeṛo ‘slanting, squinting’; A. ṭerā ‘crooked’
(or < ṭēraka—); B. teṛā, ṭe° ‘crooked, squinting’; Or.
ṭeṛā ‘crooked’, OG. treḍaü, G. teḍũ, ṭe°; M. teḍā
‘crooked’, tiḍā ‘warped’.
2. L. trēḍhā ‘crooked’, trēḍh f. ‘making a round to
look for tracks’; P. ṭeḍh m. ‘crookedness’, tareḍhā,
ṭeḍhā ‘crooked’, WPah.bhad. bhal. ṭḷèḍḍo, Or. teṛhā,
Mth. teṛh, Bhoj. ṭeṛh, H. ṭeṛhā, M. teḍhā. — X *ḍēvva—:
N. ḍeuṛho ‘crooked, crosswise’, B. teoṛā.
*trēḍḍha— see prec.
*trēdhāra— ‘triple’ see *tridhāra—.
6072 *trēmayati ‘makes wet’. [~ *tēmayati. — √*trim]
S. ṭrehaṇu ‘to damp’, ṭreha f. ‘damping’; P. ṭemṇā ‘to
moisten the surface of a piece of bread’.
6073 *trēmala— ‘wet’. [√*trim]
L. trēḷ f. ‘dew’, mult. awāṇ. treṛ (< treḷ? — Semant.
cf. Paš. līl s.v. *grilla—), P. tel f. — In Longworth-
Dames Textbook of the Balochi Language ix 26 S. trer
‘dew’ is prob. a mistake for L. since trer is found as lw.
only in NBal.
TRAI ‘protect’: trā́—, trāṇa—; *paritrā—.
6077 *trōṭa— ‘breaking, breakage’. [√truṭ]
Pk. tōḍa— m. ‘breaking’; K. trūlu
m. ‘weariness’
(< *trūru
); Ku. toṛ ‘breakage’; B. toṛ ‘force, violence
(as of a stream)’; H. toṛ m. ‘breakage’; G. ṭollɔ m.
‘delay’ (< *toḍlɔ); M. toḍ m. ‘the line made in paper
when folded’.
6080 *trōṭikā— ‘a herb, mustard’. [Cf. truṭi—2 f. ‘small
cardamon’ lex.]
Kal.rumb. trõmacr;ŕyak ‘clover’; P. toryā m. ‘mustard
plant’ (r?); Ku. toṛī f. ‘mustard plant’, torī f. ‘a kind of
mustard’; N. tori ‘mustard oil plant’; B. toṛi, ṭoṛi ‘a
partic. leguminous plant’; Bi. tori ‘an oil seed plant,
mustard’; H. toṛī f. ‘mustard plant and seed, rape seed’.
*trōṭikākāṣṭha—.
Addenda: *trōṭikā—, cf. tōṭaka— m.n. ‘white mustard seed’ lex.
6082 *trōpa— ‘piercing, hole’. [√trup]
L. P. ṭoā m. ‘hole, pit’; M. ṭov m. ‘little hole’.
6084 *
trōpyatē ‘is pierced’. [√
trup]
S.
ṭropaṇu ‘to bore the ears or nose, lance a sore’,
ṭropo m. ‘running stitch’; M.
ṭopṇẽ ‘to pierce’, n.
‘gimlet’,
ṭopasṇẽ ‘to pierce’.
Addenda: *
trōpyatē: WPah.kṭg.
chƏp
e
uṇõ; ‘to cause to be
pierced’; Ko.
toptā ‘pierces’.
6089 *thaṭṭha—
1 ‘framework’. [Poss. < taṣṭá—, but cf.
*traṭṭa—]
K. ṭhoṭhu
m. ‘bridge—pier of logs piled horizontally’,
ṭhaṭhur m. ‘part of a house—wall made of logs laid
horizontally’; P. ṭhaṭh f. ‘bridge—pier’; N. ṭhā̃ṭi ‘inn
(lit. shed made of or covered with bamboo matting?)’;
B. ṭhāṭ ‘framework’; Or. thāṭa ‘framework, skeleton’,
ṭhāṭa ‘bamboo framework for decoration, build of one's
body, body’; Mth. ṭhāṭ ‘bamboo frame of a thatch or of
a mat house’; OAw. ṭhāṭa m. ‘frame of a roof on which
thatch is laid’; H. ṭhāṭh m. ‘frame of a roof’, ṭhāṭar m.
‘bamboo frame’; G. ṭhāṭhũ n. ‘framework, body’,
ṭhā̃ṭhũ n. ‘skeleton’, ṭhāṭhṛī f. ‘bamboo bier’; M. thāṭ,
ṭhāṭ m. ‘frame of a roof’.
Addenda: *thaṭṭha—1: WPah.kc. thaṭo m. ‘projecting part of a
verandah’.
6090 *thaṭṭha—
2 ‘pomp, ceremony’. [Same as *thaṭṭha—1
and < taṣṭá—??]
Pk. thaṭṭa— m.n. ‘pomp, ceremony’; S. ṭhāṭhu m.
‘pomp’, L. ṭhaṭṭh m., P. ṭhaṭh f.; Ku. ṭhāṭ ‘pomp, glory,
property’; N. ṭhā̃ṭ ‘fashion’; A. ṭhāṭ ‘pomp, dignity’; B.
ṭhāṭ ‘affectation’; H. ṭhāṭh m. ‘pomp, posture, fashion,
goods’; M. thaṭṇẽ ‘to act pompously’.
*thaṇḍha— ‘cold’ see stabdha—.
*thantha— ‘empty, blunt’ see *thōttha—2.
6091 *thapp— ‘slap, pat’. 2. *thabb—. 3. *thipp—. [Cf.
*ṭhapp—, *dhapp— PMWS 60]
1. K. thaph, dat. °pi f. ‘grasping with the hand’, thapa
m. ‘seal’, thopu
m. ‘shutter, blind’, thôpu
m. ‘patting’
(< *thāpp—); S. thaphaṇu ‘to pat, flatter’, thapthapi f.
‘slapping’; L. thappaṇ ‘to slap, pat’, thapp m. ‘slap’; P.
thappṇā ‘to beat, hammer, fix’; Ku. thāp ‘beating the
ground’, thāpo ‘mark of hand or foot’; A. thāp ‘pouncing
on’, thapā ‘slap’; Or. thāpa ‘stroke of whole palm on
a drum’, thāpi ‘flat piece of wood used by potters for
patting clay’; Bhoj. thāpī ‘wooden mallet’; H. thāpnā
‘to pat’, thāp m. ‘striking a drum’; G. thāpvũ ‘to flatten
by patting’, thāp f. ‘slap’; M. thāpṇẽ and thāp f. ‘id.’,
thāpā m. ‘wooden instrument for breaking clods’, thāpī
f. ‘mason's patter’. — Ext. —ḍ—: K. thāpur m. ‘slap’, S.
thapaṛa f., P. thappaṛ m.; Ku. thāpaṛ ‘mark of hand or
foot’, thapaṛ ‘slap’, N. thappaṛ; A. thapar ‘slight thud’,
thapariyāiba ‘to slap’; B. thāpaṛ, thapṛā ‘slap’, Or.
thāpaṛa, °puṛa, Bhoj. Aw.lakh. thaparā, H. thappaṛ m.,
G. thāpaṛ f., M. thāpaḍ f. (G. M. thāpaṭ f.); — —kk—:
Ku. thapkāuṇo ‘to tap’.
2. B. thābā ‘to slap’; Or. thābā ‘paw’; G. thābaṛvũ ‘to
pat’, M. thābṇẽ; — S. thāḇo m. ‘trip, stumble’.
3. K. thipun ‘to slap, pat’.
Addenda: *thapp— [Cf. †;sthāpya—]: S. thāpī f. ‘pat, slap’, P.
thāp m.; — WPah.kṭg. thɔ́ppƏṛ, tháppƏṛ m., J. thapēṛ
m.; — M. thāpā m. also ‘cowdung and straw patted
into a lump’.
6092 *thar— ‘tremble’. [~ *thal—, *thur—: cf. tharatharāya-
māna— ‘trembling’ BHSk.]
K. thā̆run ‘to tremble’, thara f. ‘trembling’, thār f.
‘trepidation’; Or. tharibā ‘to tremble’, tharā̆ ‘a shiver’;
— N. tharra ‘trembling, convulsion’ < *tharaḍ—, G.
tharṛāī f.; — L. tharkaṇ intr. ‘to shake’ (cf. S. thaṛkaṇu),
P. tharakṇā, A. tharakiba, H. tharaknā, G. tharakvũ,
M. tharakṇẽ; — Pk. tharaharaï ‘feels giddy’; Ku.
tharrāṇo ‘to tremble’; N. tharahari ‘trembling’; Or.
tharahara ‘shivering’; H. tharharānā, tharrānā ‘to
tremble’, M. tharārṇẽ; — Pk. tharatharēdi, tharattharaï
‘feels giddy’; Sh. koh. thărthăr, gur. thătharai ‘shiver-
ing’; K. thõdotdot;tharun ‘to be flurried’; P. thartharāuṇā ‘to
tremble’, Ku. thartharāṇo, N. thartharāunu; A. thar-
thari ‘trembling’; B. thartharāna ‘to tremble’; Or. OAw.
tharathara m. ‘shivering’; H. thartharnā ‘to quiver’;
G. thartharvũ, thatharvũ ‘to tremble’, M. thartharṇẽ.
Addenda: *thar—: Md. turuturu aḷanī ‘shakes’ (intr.).
6093 *thal— ‘tremble’. 2. *thall—. [~ *thar—, *thur—]
1. N. thalinu ‘to be ill’; — P. thalthalāuṇā ‘to shake
(as flabby flesh)’, tharthallā m. ‘earthquake’; Ku.
thalthalo ‘fat with a swollen body’; N. thalthal ‘shaking
of loose flabby flesh’, thalthalinu ‘to shake (of flabby
flesh)’, thalthale ‘marshy ground’; B. thalthal ‘flabbi-
ness’; H. thalthal f. ‘shaking’.
2. Or. thalathala ‘flabby’; M. thalthal f. ‘flabbiness’,
thalthalṇẽ ‘to shake flabbily’.
*thall— ‘tremble’ see prec.
6094 *thass— ‘press down’. [Cf. *ṭhass—]
N. thāso ‘heap (usu. of dung)’; B. thāsā ‘to ram down’.
*thāna— ‘piece of cloth’ see next.
6095 *thānna— ‘piece of cloth’. 2. *thāna—.
1. Gy. eur. than m. ‘cloth, bed’; Sh. K. thān m. ‘com-
plete roll of cloth or silk’; S. thānu m. ‘a web of cloth’,
P. Ku. thān m.; N. thān ‘piece of cloth, piece, bundle
(used in numbering), head of cattle’ (e.g. bis thān bhaı̃si
‘20 buffaloes’); A. B. thān ‘whole piece of cloth’, Or.
thāna; H. thān m. ‘piece of cloth, covering of a horse,
piece (of corn &c.), unit (in counting)’; G. M. thān n.
‘piece of cloth’.
2. S. thāṇu m. ‘piece of cloth’, M. thāṇ n.
6096 *thigga— ‘rag’. 2. *thēgga—. 3. *thiṅga—.
1. Pk. thiggala— n. ‘patch for mending’, P. thiglī f.; -
S. thiǥiṛī f. ‘rag’; L. thigṛā m. ‘cloth’, thigṛī f. ‘rag’ (Ju.
ǥ for both); G. thigṛũ n., °ṛī f. ‘patch’.
2. H. theglī f. ‘patch of cloth’.
3. G. thı̃gṛũ n., °ṛī f.
*thiṅga— ‘rag’ see prec.
*thiṭṭha— ‘defective’ see *ṭhiṭṭha—.
Addenda: *thigga—: S.kcch. thighṛo m. ‘patch’.
6097 *thukk— ‘spit’. [thūt]
Pk. thukka— n. ‘spittle, phlegm’; Ash. tuk ‘spitting’;
Paš. thūk ‘spittle’, Woṭ. tuk, Phal. thuki, Sh. thúki f.,
K. thŏkh, dat. °ki f., S. thuka f., L. thukk f., WPah.bhad.
thuk n., Ku. thūk, N. B. thuk, Or. thuka, Bhoj. thūk,
Aw.lakh. thūku
, H. thūk m., G. thũk n., M. thūk n.f.; -
Pk. thukkaï ‘spits’, K. thŏkun, S. thukaṇu, L. thukkaṇ,
P. thukkṇā, Ku. thukṇo, N. thuknu, B. thukā, Or.
thukibā, Mth. thukab, H. thūknā, G. thũkvũ, M. thukṇẽ,
thũkṇẽ.
*thuṅga— ‘hill’ see *ṭakka—3.
Addenda: *thukk—: S.kcch. thūkṇū ‘to spit’, WPah.kṭg. (kc.)
thúkṇõ;; thū́k m. ‘spittle’.
6098 *thuḍa— ‘trunk, branch’. 2. *thuḍḍa—. 3. *thōḍa—2.
1. Pk. thuḍa— n. ‘tree trunk’, S. thuṛu m.; N. thur ‘dry
branch of a tree’; G. thaṛ n. ‘tree trunk’, thaṛũ n. ‘trunk
near root, roots of a tree’.
2. S. thuḍ̱ī f. ‘lower part of stalk of a plant’.
3. A. thor ‘unopened leaf’; B. thoṛ ‘spathe of plain-
tain’, Or. thoṛa; H. thoṛ m. ‘spathe of any plant before
it separates from stem’.
6099 *thuḍḍ— ‘kick against’.
S. thuḍ̱o m. ‘a stumble’, thuḍ̱aṇu ‘to kick with the
toe’; L. ṭhuḍḍā (Ju. —ḍ̱ḍ̱—) m. ‘trip, stumble’; N. thuṛnu
‘to stumble’; B. thuṛā, thoṛā ‘to strike, chop’; Or.
ṭhuṛāibā ‘to amass’. — X khura— in Sh. gil. thŭri, pales.
thurī f. ‘heel’.
*thuḍḍa— ‘trunk, branch’ see *thuḍa—.
*thuṇḍa—, *thuttha—, *thuntha— ‘mouth’ see tuṇḍa—.
Addenda: *thuḍḍ—: X khura—: Phal. thuri ‘heel’. — X *khun-
(e.g. Gaw. khunīk, S. khuṇyo s.v. khuriṇī—); Dm.
thuni (AO xviii 240 thuṇī) ‘heel’ Buddruss ZDMG
116, 417.
6100 *thubba— ‘defective’. 2. *thōbba—. [Cf. tūpará-
‘hornless goat’ AV., ‘blunt’ TBr., tūbara—2 m. ‘hornless
bull, beardless man’ lex., tūbaraka— m. ‘eunuch’ MBh.]
1. B. thubuṛā ‘blunt, past marriageable age’; Or.
thubuṛā ‘blunt, past sexual enjoyment, shameless’.
2. B. thobṛā = thubuṛā, Or. thobaṛā, thobarā =
thubuṛā.
6101 *thur— ‘tremble’. [~ *thar—, *thal—]
N. thurthuri ‘convulsively’; A. thurthuriyā ‘tremulous
with age’; B. thurthur ‘trembling’; Or. thurathurā
‘decrepit’; M. thurthuraviṇẽ ‘to bristle up’ (cf. thuḍ-
thuḍṇẽ ‘to tremble’).
*thuṣa— ‘chaff’ see túṣa—.
6105 *thūmma— ‘sexually vigorous’.
S. thū̃ma f. ‘sexual power, virility’; N. thumā,
thummā ‘uncastrated ram’.
*thēgga— ‘rag’ see *thigga—.
*thēcc— ‘press’ see *ṭhēcc—.
*thēṭṭha— ‘defective’ see *ṭhiṭṭha—.
*thēṇṭha—
1 ‘mouth’ see tuṇḍa—.
*thēṇṭha—
2 ‘defective’ see *ṭhiṭṭha—.
6106 *thēppa— ‘pickle, sweetmeat’.
S. thepa f. ‘a kind of sweetmeat’; N. thepe, thebe
‘pickle, chutney (esp. of radishes and unripe mango)’.
6107 *thēbba— ‘flattened’. 2. *ṭhibba—.
1. N. thepco ‘flattened (e.g. of nose)’; B. thebrā ‘flat-
nosed’; Or. thebaṛā ‘flat’.
2. P. ṭhibbā ‘club—footed’.
*thōḍa—
1 ‘mouth’ see tuṇḍa—.
*thōḍa—
2 ‘trunk, branch’ see *thuḍa—.
*thōḍḍa—2, *thōttha—
1 ‘mouth’ see tuṇḍa—.
6108 *thōttha—
2 ‘empty, blunt’. 2. *thōntha—2.
3. *thantha—.
1. S. thotho ‘useless’; P. thothā ‘hollow, toothless’;
Ku. thoto ‘useless, rotten, toothless’; N. thoto ‘gap
caused by loss of tooth’, thote ‘gap—toothed’; B. thotāna
‘to blunten’; H. thothā f. ‘empty, worm—eaten, blunt’,
thoth f. ‘emptiness’; G. thothũ n. ‘rotten part of corn’;
— ext. —ra—: Ku. thotro ‘rotten, hollow (of wood), use-
less’; N. thotro ‘worn out, old’; H. thotar, thotrā
‘empty, worm—eaten, blunt’; G. thothar f. ‘a swelling’.
2. Mth. thõ;th, thõ;thā ‘toothless’.
3. Or. thant(h)aṛā, °arā ‘blunt’; — dantharā ‘having
blunt toothed edge’ X dānta (< dánta—)?
*thōttha—
3 ‘stammering’ see *tōtta—1.
*thōttha—
4 ‘blue vitriol’ see tutthá—.
*thōntha—
1 ‘mouth’ see tuṇḍa—.
*thōntha—
2 ‘empty, blunt’ see *thōttha—2.
*thōntha—
3 ‘stammering’ see *tōtta—1.
6109 *thōba— ‘snout’. 2. *thōbba—. [Cf. stuva— m.n. ‘partic
part of a horse's head’ lex.? — See also list s.v. tuṇḍa—]
1. Ku. thol ‘snout, lips’ (< *thōvala—?).
2. Ku. thobṇo ‘snout, lips’; B. thobanā, thubnā ‘face
or mouth of animal’; H. thobṛā m. ‘snout, muzzle’.
*thōbba— ‘snout’ see prec.
Addenda: *thōba—. 2. *thōbba—: WPah.kṭg. (kc.) thóbbƏṛ m.
‘snout, mouth (contemptuous slang)’; Garh. thobṛu
‘nostrils of an animal’.
*thōbba— ‘snout’ see *thōba— Add2.
6126 *dacc— ‘fear’.
N. dacko ‘fright’, dackanu ‘to be frightened, be
startled’, M. daċkā m., daċakṇẽ.
6127 *daḍavaḍa— ‘onrush’.
Pk. daḍavaḍa— ‘quick’, m. ‘attack’; G. daroṛɔ m.
‘attack by a band of robbers’, M. daroḍā m.
6170 *dab— ‘a noise’. [Onom.]
P. dabaṛ—dabaṛ ‘with the sound of heavy and noisy
steps’; N. dabdab ‘mud’; H. dabdabā m. ‘noise’; M.
dabdab ‘noise of a slack drum’.
6173 *
dabb— ‘press’. 2. *
ḍabb—. 3. *
dapph—. [A. Master
BSOAS xii 348 ← Drav. — Cf. *
drapp—]
1. Gy. eur.
dab f. ‘blow, kick’ (whence
daber— ‘to
pummel’); Mai.ky.
dab— ‘to bury’; K.
dabun ‘to press
into’; S.
daḇaṇu,
daḇāiṇu ‘to press down’ (
d—!); L.
dabbaṇ ‘to press, bury’, (Ju.)
daḇaṇ ‘to be pressed down,
be buried’; P.
dabb f. ‘pressure’,
dabbṇā,
dabāuṇā ‘to
press down’, intr.
dabṇā,
dabīṛnā ‘to press back’; Ku.
dābṇo ‘to press, force, bury’, intr.
dabṇo; N.
dābnu ‘to
press down’,
dabāunu ‘to crush, bury’,
dabinu ‘to be
put out of sight’; A.
dābiba ‘to sink’,
dabāiba ‘to press’;
B.
dābā ‘to press down’,
dābnā ‘snub’,
dābṛi ‘intimida-
tion’ (ODBL 446 wrongly <
darpa—); Or.
dābibā ‘to
press down, prohibit, reprimand’,
dabibā,
dabakibā ‘to
shrink back’; H.
dāb m. ‘pressure’,
dābnā ‘to press, rule,
snub’,
dabnā intr.
dabaknā, ‘to be covered, be hidden’;
G.
dāb m. ‘restraint’,
dābvũ ‘to press’,
dabāvvũ ‘to
press, intimidate’; M.
dābṇẽ ‘to press’,
dabṇẽ,
dabakṇẽ
‘to bend under a weight’.
2. A.
ḍābi ‘threat’,
ḍabāiba ‘to press down’; Or.
ḍābibā ‘to cover’; G.
ḍabāvvũ ‘to press, intimidate’,
ḍabkɔ,
ḍapkɔ m. ‘fear, apprehension’.
3. Kho.
daphḗik ‘to crush’.
*
ādabb—.
*
dabba— ‘box’ see *
ḍabba—
1.
*
dabbara— ‘mud’ see *
ḍabbara—.
DABH ‘hurt, deceive’:
dabdha—, dábdhi—, dábhati,
dabhnṓti, dabhrá—, dambhá—, dambháyati, dambhin—,
dahara—, dahrá—; ádbhuta—, dūḍábha—.
Addenda: *
dabb—: S.kcch.
dhabāyṇū ‘to suppress’; WPah.kṭg.
dabṇõ; ‘to cover with earth, bury’,
dƏbauṇõ; ‘to press
down’, kc. °
ṇo ‘to bury’; J.
dābṇu ‘to press’. -
S.kcch.
dh <
d represents spirant e.g.
d
ābṇū ‘to
press’ AKŚ xxii,
d
abāyṇū (← G.
dābvũ,
dabāvvũ?).
6212 *dal—
2 ‘quiver’.
B. daluyā ‘boggy’; — H. dalaknā ‘to tremble, glitter’;
— N. daldal ‘marsh, mud’; A. daldalni ‘quagmire’, dal-
daliyā ‘muddy’; B. daldal ‘quagmire, flabbiness’,
daldaliyā ‘boggy’; Or. daladala ‘tremulous’; H. M.
daldal f. ‘marsh’.
dala—
1 ‘lump’ see *ḍala—.
6261 *dādda— ‘father or other elderly relative’. [Cf.
*diddā—, tātá—]
Gy. germ. dād ‘father’; Ḍ. dādo m. ‘grandfather’;
Dm. dádi ‘father’; Paš.lauṛ. dadā́ ‘elder brother’, gul.
dādā ‘father’, kuṛ. dādo ‘father's brother’; Kal. dā́da
‘father’; Bshk. dād ‘grandfather’, dēd f. ‘grandmother’;
Phal. dōdo ‘father's father’, dēdi ‘father's mother’; Sh.
dādo ‘grandfather’, dādi f.; S. ḍ̱āḍ̱o m. ‘father's father’,
ḍ̱āḍ̱ī f., L. ḍ̱āḍ̱ā m., °ḍ̱ī f., dādā m., °dī f., P. dāddā, ḍā°
m., dāddī, ḍā° f., WPah.bhal. dādo m.; Ku. dā̆dā ‘grand-
father, elder brother’, dādī ‘grandmother, elder sister’,
dā ‘term of address to an elder brother’; N. dādā ‘old
servant’, dājyu, dāi (X bhāi < bhrā́tr̥—) ‘elder brother’;
A. dādā ‘elder brother’; B. dādā ‘grandfather, elder
brother’, dādi ‘grandmother’; Or. dā̆dā, dādi ‘grand-
father, father's brother, elder brother’; Mth. dādā
‘grandfather’; H. dādā m. ‘father's father, elder
brother’, dādī f. ‘father's mother’; G. dādɔ m. ‘father's
father’, dādī f.; M. dādā m. ‘elder brother’, dādī f.
‘respectful term for an old woman’.
*dāddatāta—, *dāddaśvaśura—, *dāddaśvaśrū—.
Addenda: *dādda—: S.kcch. ḍāḍo m. ‘grandfather’; WPah.kṭg.
dād m. ‘father's father, elder brother’, J. dādā m.
‘grandfather’; kṭg. daddi
f. ‘father's mother’.
6307 *
dārśa— ‘hair’. [Cf. Wkh.
d
ürs, Mj.
lurs, Par.
dō̤š,
Orm.
dā̃š ‘goat's hair’ < *
darsa— NTS v 43: →Brah.
drassam ‘goat's hair’ Bray Brah 99]
S.
ḍ̱āsa f. ‘goat's hair’,
ḍ̱āsī ‘made of it’.
6308 *dāla—
1 ‘tearing, splitting’. [~ dāra—1. — Same as
dāla—2? — Separate from *ḍāla—1. — √dal
1]
K. dāla m. ‘skin (esp. a whole skin) of sheep, goat,
&c.’ (cf. dalun ‘to excoriate’ s.v. dálati); WPah.bhal.
dāl f. ‘crack (in soil, wood, &c.)’.
6318 *dāsaka— ‘beam’.
L. ḍāhā m. ‘piece of wood fastened to neck of cattle
to prevent straying’; Ku. dāso ‘rooftree’; N. dāso
‘beam’; H. dāsā m. ‘broad and long piece of stone or
wood’; M. dāśā (< *dāsiā?) ‘lath used to reinforce a
thin wall’.
6326 *dikka— lump'. 2. *digga—. [dikka— m. ‘young ele-
phant’, diṅka— m. ‘young louse’ lex., (cf. *ḍhēṅka-
‘lump’ ~ *ḍhēṅkuṇa— ‘bug’). — See list s.v. *ḍhikka—1]
1. G. dīkrɔ m. ‘son’, °rī f. ‘daughter’ (semant. cf.
ḍimbha—2?).
2. Ku. digaṛo m. ‘lump, clod of earth’.
*dig— ‘tremble’ see *ḍag—1.
*digga— ‘lump’, diṅka— see *dikka—.
*dita—, *ditta— ‘given’ see dattá—.
Addenda: *dikka— ‘lump’, dikkarī— f. ‘adolescent girl’ lex.
†;*diṇṭa— ‘stem’ see *ḍaṇṭha—.
*dinna— see dattá— Add2.
*dilla— see ḍala— Add2.
6327 *diddā— ‘elder sister’. [diddā— f. ‘name of a Kashmir
princess’ Rājat. — Cf. *dādda—, *jījja—]
K. dĕd f. ‘elderly lady, chief wife in a household’, voc.
dĕdi ‘respectful term of address to an older woman’;
WPah.paṅ. dēddī, cur. daiddī ‘elder sister’, Ku. didī,
dī, N. didi; B. Or. didi ‘elder sister’ (B. also ‘grand-
mother’), H. dīdī f.
6401 *duḍḍa—
2 ‘defective’. [Cf. *ḍuḍḍa— and list s.v.
*ṭuṇṭa—2]
L. (Ju.) duḍ̱ m. ‘stump of tree, anything useless’; G.
duḍ f. ‘bare tree—trunk’.
*duṇṭi— ‘navel’ see tundi—.
*duṇḍa— ‘mouth’ see tuṇḍa—.
duṇḍubha— see dundhubha—.
duta— see dūta—2.
6419 *
dumbha— ‘tail’. [Only Kal. attests an aspirate: poss.
all NIA. forms, and cert. those of Dard. with
l—, are
← Ir., Av.
duma—, Pahl.
dumbak, Pers.
dum(
b), Psht.
lƏm EVP 36. But, besides Kal., some derivatives, e.g.
s.v. *
dumbhaśa—, suggest possibility of orig. IA. form]
Gy. eur.
dumo m. ‘back, shoulder’; Wg.
dumä́ŕ,
tumtä́ ‘tail’, Kt.
dƏmŕә́i, Pr.
lümṳ̄,
dƏmū́ (← Kt. Rep
1 47),
Paš.gul.
dum(
b), nir.
dumā́ (← Pers. IIFL iii 3, 55), ar.
līm, Shum.
līmƏ, Gaw.
limoṭá, Kal.
dh
*l
mŕḗi, Kho.
rūm,
K.
dumba m.; L.
dumb m. ‘ear of millet’; P.
dumb,
dumm m. ‘tail’, N.
dum, Or.
duma, Mth.
dom, H.
dumb,
dum f., G.
dum f.; M.
dumālā m. ‘hind part’. -
X *
lōpi— q.v.
*
dumbhaśa—; *dumbhaśvāvidh—.
6452 *dula— ‘hole’. [√dal
1?]
Ku. dulo m., °li f., dulno m. ‘hole, cavity, animal's
den’; N. dulo ‘hole, animal's hole (e.g. of a mouse)’,
nāka ko dulo ‘nostril’, dulko ‘little hole’; — M. ḍuḷū̃ n.
‘little hole’, ḍolā m.; — poss. Ash. dūra ‘hole’ (kāsāra-
dū́ra ‘nostril’, dum—durḗk ‘smoke—hole’); Wg. dúri,
dorı̄́g ‘smoke—hole’: but these poss. < dúr—. — Con-
nexion, if any, with P. duḍ(h) f. ‘wolf's den’, ḍuḍḍ f.
‘mouse—hole’ s.v. *ṭōṭṭa—1 is obscure.
*dhuradulaka—.
6453 *dulati ‘swings’. 2. *dulyati. [√dul]
1. Pk. ḍulaï ‘shakes’; — altern. < 2: K. ḍulun ‘to roll’;
Ku. ḍulṇo ‘to wander’; N. ḍulnu ‘to walk about’; B.
dulā ‘to swing’; H. dulnā, ḍu° ‘to move’.
2. S. ḍ̱ulaṇu ‘to wander vainly’; L. ḍullaṇ ‘ṭo be
shaken’, P. ḍullṇā, OMarw. ḍūlaï; G. dulvũ, ḍu° ‘to be
absorbed in’; M. ḍulṇẽ ‘to stagger’.
See dōlāyatē.
6489 *dūta—
2 ‘pained’ (dūda— ‘afflicting’ lex.). [Cf. dūná—,
duta— ‘pained’ Śiś., dūtaka— m. ‘name of Agni in the
form of forest—fire’ Gr̥hyaS. — √du
1]
NiDoc. dutaǵa ‘burnt (?)’; — B. duyā, do ‘in pain,
hated’ rather < durbhága—.
*dūtakāri—.
6492 *dūna—
2 ‘distant’. [~ dūrá—. — √du
3]
Paš.ar. Shum. dúnik ‘far, distant’ IIFL iii 3, 55.
6509 *dr̥ḍhi— ‘firmness’. [Cf. dr̥ḍhīkāra— m. and adj.
‘strengthening’ MBh. — √dr̥ṁh]
P. dariṛh f., diṛh m. ‘firmness of mind’. — Deriv.: S.
ḍ̱iṛhi ‘firm’ (< *dr̥ḍhin—? — not with LM 355 <
dhr̥ṣṭá—), N. darilo.
6510 *dr̥ta— ‘cleft’, dr̥daka— m. ‘hole in the ground for cook-
ing’ W. [Cf. dr̥ka— n. ‘hole’ lex. — √dr̥̄]
Pk. dia— ‘struck’; Sh.jij. dә́ṛu ‘valley’.
6565 *dēhuḍī— ‘mound, threshold’. 2. dēhuḍḍ(h)ī—. [Cf.
dēhalı̄́—, dēhı̄́—: for variation of a, ī̆, u in suffix cf. Av.
daēza— ~ dēhı̄́— and vamrá—, °rı̄́— ~ *vamlu— (in vāma-
lūra—). — √dih]
1. G. devṛī f. ‘platform in front of house, police-
station’; — altern. < 2: Ku. ḍyoṛī ‘threshold, gate,
enclosure’; B. de(h)uṛi ‘threshold, vestibule, outer gate
of mansion’, Or. dehuṛi (whence dehuṛiā ‘gatekeeper’);
H. dihuṛī, ḍehuṛhī, ḍeoṛhī, ḍyoṛhī, ḍihuṛī, ḍihaṛī f.
‘threshold, porch’; M. dehuḍī, devḍhī, devḍī f. ‘platform
in front of house, porch, vestibule’.
2. K. ḍīḍi
, dat. ḍēḍĕ f. ‘entrance of a large house,
portico’; S. ḍ̱euḍhī, ḍ̱eḍhī f. ‘porch’, L. ḍeuḍhī, (Ju.)
ḍ̱eḍhī f.; P. ḍeuḍhī, ḍeuṛhī f. ‘threshold’, N. ḍeuṛho, °ṛo,
°ṛi ‘porch’, (Tarai) ‘door, house’; Mth. ḍeuṛhī ‘doorway
of a house’; Bhoj. deoṛhī ‘gate’; Māl. ḍūḍhī f. ‘threshold,
porch’; G. ḍoḍhī f. ‘watchman's seat near entrance
gate’.
*dēhuḍḍ(h)ī— ‘mound’ see prec.
*dēhula— ‘mound’ see dēhalı̄́—.
DAI ‘clean’: avadāta— Add., *uddāta—.
6581 *dōr— ‘look at or for’.
N. dornu ‘to notice, discern’, WN. ḍornu ‘to know
how (to do something), have a thorough grasp of’; G.
dorvũ ‘to direct’; — S. ḍ̱oraṇu ‘to wander in search of’
rather < dōlāyatē.
dōraka— see davara—.
6583 *dōla—
2 ‘bucket’. [Poss. same as dōla—1. Forms of
S. Mth. Aw. G. M. < *ḍōlla— or are ← H.]
Bshk. ḍōl ‘brass pot’; K. ḍol m. ‘bucket’, S. ḍ̱olu m.,
P. ḍol m., WPah.bhal. ḍol n., Ku. N. B. Mth. ḍol, Aw.
lakh. ḍōlu
, H. dol, ḍol m., G. ḍol f., M. ḍol m.
Addenda: dōla—2: Bshk. ḍōl ‘brass pot’; WPah.poet. ḍōr m.
‘small pot’, kṭg. ḍōl m. ‘bucket’, J. ḍō'l m. ← H. or
< *dōlla—).
6613 *drakk— ‘drag’.
Paš.lauṛ. drakaṛ— ‘to trail, be dragged along the
road’, kuṛ. lōik—; Gau. žek— ‘to pull’, Sv. dark—, Phal.
drakū—, Sh. ẓakal—; — Woṭ. likh— (with i from likh <
dīrghá— Buddruss Woṭ 111).
*drakṣā— ‘grape’ see drā́kṣā—.
6616 *
draṅgha—
1 ‘long’. [Cf. Pers.
diraṅg: IE. *
dl—on—gho-
(Lat.
longus, &c.) ~ *
del—Ə—gho— (Sk.
dīrghá—) and
*
dol—i—gho— (Gk.
dolixo/s)?]
Kho.
drū̆ṅg ‘long, tall’; — Gau. Sh.pales.
ẓugo
poss., bec. of
u, ← Kho.
6617 *draṅgha—
2 ‘something firm or fixing’. [Cf. Av.
drƏnǰaiti ‘strengthens’, ONorse drengr ‘thick stick’,
OSlav. drǫgŭ ‘pole’ NTS xv 258]
Pr. ḍugó ‘stick, yoke-peg’; — Si. (SigGr) dag, daṅga
‘bound, made firm’??
6618 *draṭ— ‘press’. 2. *draṭṭ—. 3. *draṇṭ—.
1. M. daḍṇẽ ‘to press down’, daḍaṇ f. n. ‘hiding
place’, daḍā m. ‘plug’, daḍakṇẽ, daḍapṇẽ ‘to press
down’.
2. Pk. saṁdaṭṭa—, °aya— ‘touching, rubbed’; K. droṭu
‘tough’, drõdotdot;ṭhu
‘hardened’; S. ḍ̱aṭaṇu ‘to bury, cork up’,
ḍ̱aṭo m. ‘cork’; L. P. ḍaṭṭā m. ‘stopper’; P. ḍaṭṇā ‘to
stop’; H. ḍāṭnā ‘to threaten, check, plug’ (→ P. ḍāṭṇā
‘to check, cram’); G. dāṭvũ, ḍā° ‘to bury’, dāṭɔ, ḍā° m.
‘cork’, dāṭ, °ṭī f. ‘crowd’; M. dāṭ ‘thick’, dāṭṇẽ ‘to be
pressed in, become thick’.
3. B. ḍā̃ṭā ‘to threaten’; Or. ḍāṇṭibā ‘to check’; H.
ḍā̃ṭnā ‘to threaten, check, plug’ (→ N. ḍā̃ṭnu ‘to
threaten’, (Tarai) dā̃ṭnu). — See daṣṭa—.
*draṭṭ—, *draṇṭ— ‘press’ see prec.
6619 *drapp— ‘press’. [→ Psht. drabƏl ‘to press down’ (rather
than, with EVP 22, ← *dabb— for which no NIA. forms
attest dr—). But both MIA. and NIA. forms may be
conn. w. darpá—, darpáyati, dŕ̥pyati (with semantic
development ‘excitement — arrogance — oppression -
force’) or at least have collided with them or have been
affected by meaning of forms of *dabb—]
P. dap(p)aṭ, ḍapaṭ m. ‘rebuke’, dapaṭṇā, ḍa° ‘to
rebuke’; N. dapkāunu ‘to rebuke’, dapoṭ ‘hiding’; A.
dāpiba ‘to control, reprove’, dapāliba ‘to rebuke’; B.
dāpā ‘to stamp’; Mth. dāpab ‘to press, squeeze’; H. dāp
m. ‘stamping forcibly, strength’, dapaṭnā ‘to rebuke’;
M. dāpṇẽ ‘to menace’, dapṇẽ ‘to lie hid’, dapaṭṇẽ ‘to
cram in, menace’. — Pk. dappa— m. ‘force’ and S.
ḍrapu m. ‘fear’ rather < darpá—. — Wg. dr̥p— ‘to copu-
late (of a man)’ poss. but less likely < dŕ̥pyati.
DRAM ‘run’: drámati, *drāmayati.
6620 *
dramaṇa—,
damana—
2 m. ‘wormwood, Artemisia
indica’ Mantram.,
°aka— VarBr̥S. 2. *
dramṇa—.
[*
dramṇa— (→ Brah.
dranna ‘Artemisia’) ← Ir., cf. Pahl.
dramnak,
°na
g ‘wormwood’ < *
dramanaka— H. W.
Bailey BSOS vii 764]
1. Pk.
damaṇaka—,
°aga—,
°aya—,
davaṇaya— m. ‘a
plant with fragrant leaves’; P.kgr.
donā m. ‘the shrub
Daphne oleoides (infusion of bark and leaves used
medicinally for colic and gonorrhoea), Artemisia
elegans’; N.
damanā ‘Artemisia indica’, A.
damanā,
dawanā, B.
donā; Or.
dayaṇā,
daaṇā ‘A. indica, A.
chinensis, A. latifolia, thyme’; H.
daunā,
donā m. ‘A.
indica or lactifolia’,
nāg—daun m. ‘asparagus’; G.
damaṇ
m. n. ‘a fragrant medicinal plant’,
damrɔ,
ḍa° m. ‘A.
indica’; M.
davaṇā m. ‘A. abrotanum’. — K.
dramun
m. ‘a species of grass’ rather < *
dhārmaṇa—.
2. Wg.
drә̃ ‘a kind of Artemisia’; Kho. (Lor.)
drōn
‘wormwood, kinds of small scrub used for firewood’;
Sh. (Lor.)
j̣ūn ‘a kind of shrub (twigs of which are
ground and given as a vermifuge for children)’; — P.
durũgā m. ‘Artemisia elegans’.
Addenda: *
dramaṇa— [Cf. Shgh.
ċū
d
m ‘wormwood’ < Ir.
*
dramna— EVSh 22]
Brj.
dawan,
dauno m. ‘Artemisia indica’.
6632 *drāmiḍa—,
dramiḍa—, drāviḍa— MBh., draviḍa— m.
Mn. ‘name of a people, Dravidian’. [EWA ii 73]
Pk. damila—, daviḍa—, davila— m.; OSi. demeḷ ‘Tamil’,
Si. demaḷā.
6666 *dvārapr̥ṣṭha— ‘lintel’. [dvā́ra—, pr̥ṣṭhá—]
M. dārvaṭhā, °vãṭhā, dārı̃vṭhā m. ‘upper crosspiece
or lintel of door’.
Addenda: *dvārapr̥ṣṭha—: Md. dorāṛi, dorōṛi ‘gateway’?
6701 *dhakk— ‘push, strike’. [dhakkayati ‘annihilates’
Dhātup.]
K. daka m. ‘a push, blow’, S. dhaku m., L. P. dhakkā
m.; Ku. dhakkā ‘collision’, dhā̃kā ‘forcibly pushing’;
N. dhakkā ‘collision, push’; B. dhā̆kkā ‘push’, Or.
dhakā; H. dhak m. ‘shock, sudden terror’, dhakkā m.
‘push’; OMarw. dhakā—dhakī f. ‘rush’; G. dhakkɔ m.
‘push’, M. dhakā, ḍhakā m.; — P. dhakkṇā ‘to push,
oust’; — S. dhakiṛaṇu ‘to half—clean rice by beating it
in a mortar’; — Ku. dhakelṇo ‘to push’, N. dhakelnu,
H. dhakelnā, ḍha°, G. dhakelvũ.
Addenda: *dhakk—: S.kcch. dhakko ḍeṇo ‘to push’; WPah.kṭg.
dhàkkɔ m. ‘push, dash’, J. dhākā m.
†;*dhakkha— ‘defective’ see *ḍagga—2.
6704 *dhagg— ‘throb, glitter’. [Cf. dhagiti ‘at once’ Kād.,
dhagad—dhagiti ‘crack!’ HPariś., and *ḍag—1]
Pk. dhagadhagaï ‘flares’, dhagadhaggamāṇa—, dhaggī-
kaya— ‘blazing’; H. dhagdhagānā ‘to throb, glitter’; G.
dhagdhagvũ ‘to burn fiercely’; M. dhagdhagṇẽ ‘id., to
beat (of heart)’; — S. dhakdhaki f. ‘palpitation’; N.
dhakāunu ‘to pant’; B. dhak ‘sudden blaze’, dhakdhak-
āna ‘to throb, glitter’; Or. dhaka ‘blaze’, dhakadhaka
‘throbbing, blazing’; H. dhakdhakānā, dhadhaknā ‘to
blaze’, G. dhakdhakvũ; M. dhakdhakṇẽ ‘to palpitate’.
*dhaṅga— ‘defective’ see *ḍagga—2.
Addenda: *dhagg—: Ko. dhaggu ‘heat’, dhagdhagu ‘blazing heat’.
†;*dhagga— ‘defective’ see ḍagga—2.
6705 *dhajja— ‘pomp’. [Cf. dhvaja— m. ‘penis’ Suśr., ‘arro-
gance’ lex., *dhākka— ‘pomp’, *dhakk— ‘push’: similar
mngs. s.vv. darpá—, *drapp—, *dabb—]
K. daza m. ‘ostentatious pride’; S. dhaj̄u ‘dressed up’;
P. dhaj f. ‘style’; Ku. dhaj m. ‘immense riches’; N. dhaj
‘pomp’; H. G. dhaj f. ‘style’, M. dhaj̈ f.
6707 *dhaṭa—
2, dhaṭī— f. ‘old cloth, loincloth’ lex. [Drav.,
Kan. daṭṭi ‘waistband’ etc., DED 2465]
Ku. dhaṛo ‘piece of cloth’, N. dharo, B. dhaṛā; Or.
dhaṛā ‘rag, loincloth’, dhaṛi ‘rag’; Mth. dhariā ‘child's
narrow loincloth’.
*dhaṭavastra—.
Addenda: *dhaṭa—
2. 2. †;*dhaṭṭa—: WPah.kṭg. dhàṭṭu m.
‘woman's headgear, kerchief’, kc. dhaṭu m. (also
dhaṭhu m. ‘scarf’, J. dhāṭ(h)u m. Him.I 105).
†;*dhaṭṭa— see *dhaṭa—2.
6708 *dhaṭa—
3 ‘edge’, dhaṭika— ‘(cloth) with hemmed edges’
BHS ii 275. [Same as *dhaṭa—2?]
S. dhaṛī f. ‘coloured edge to cloth’; L. dhaṛā m.
‘field boundary’; P. dhaṛī f. ‘line’; Or. dhaṛi ‘edge’; H.
dhaṛī f. ‘line’; M. dhaḍ f. ‘brink, edge (esp. of a raised
place)’, dhaḍī f. ‘border of cloth’; — ext. in N. dharko
‘stripe, line’, dharcho, dharso ‘streak, line, shred of
cloth, long narrow piece of land’.
6711 *dhaḍ— ‘throb, beat’.
Pk. dhaḍahaḍia— n. ‘thunder’; N. dhaṛnu ‘to press (for
payment)’, dhaṛādhaṛ ‘boldly’; Or. dhaṛ—dhaṛ ‘palpita-
tion’; H. G. dhaṛādhaṛ ‘dashingly’; M. dhaḍādhaḍ ‘id.’,
dhaḍ—dhaḍ ‘palpitatingly’. — Ext. —kk—: S. dhaṛkaṇu ‘to
palpitate, winnow’; P. dhaṛkṇā ‘to palpitate with fear’,
dhaṛkā m. ‘fear’; N. dharkanu ‘to be torn, be grieved’,
dhaṛkanu ‘to beat loudly (of heart), walk smartly’; Aw.
lakh. dharkab ‘to throb’; H. dhaṛaknā ‘to throb, blaze
up’; G. dhaṛakvũ ‘to throb’, dhaṛak f., dhaṛākɔ m.
‘quick push’, dhaṛkaṇ ‘timid’; M. dhaḍakṇẽ ‘to throb’,
dhaḍākā m. ‘throbbing’.
6712 *dhaḍa— ‘trunk of body’.
Pk. dhaḍa— n. ‘trunk of body’, S. dhaṛu m., P. dhaṛ f.;
Ku. dhaṛ m. ‘trunk of body or tree, middle part of any-
thing’; B. dhaṛ ‘trunk of body’, Or. dhaṛa ‘trunk of body
or tree’; Mth. dhar ‘headless body’; OAw. dhara m.
‘body, heart’; H. dhaṛ m. ‘trunk of body’ (→ Mth. N.
dhaṛ), OMarw. dhaṛa m., G. dhaṛ n.; M. dhaḍ n. ‘head-
less body’. —L. dhaṛ f., dhaṛā m. ‘heap, party’??
*dhaḍāṅgaka—.
6729 *dhapp— ‘slap, drive’. [Cf. *thapp—: PMWS 60 ←
Mu.?]
L. dhappā m. ‘blow with both hands’; P. Ku. dhappā
m. ‘slap’; Ku. dhāp ‘striking the earth with the hand in
cursing’; N. dhāp ‘slap’; B. dhāp ‘leap’; Or. dhāpa
‘oppression, attack’, dhāpaṛa ‘slap’; H. dhappā m.
‘slap’, G. dhappɔ m., dhāplũ n.; M. dhāp f. ‘panting’; -
Ku. dhapyoṇo ‘to force to run’, dhapkaṇo ‘to leap’; N.
dhāpinu ‘to be strained’, dhapāunu ‘to drive away’; H.
dhā̆pnā ‘to be weary’; G. dhapvũ ‘to proceed’; M.
dhāpṇẽ ‘to pant’.
*dhappa— ‘spot’ see *ḍabba—2.
DHAM or DHMĀ ‘blow’: dhamá—, dhámati, dha-
mana—, dhamáni—, dhamanī—, dhamyátē, dhmātá—,
dhmātŕ̥—, *dhmātra—, dhmāna—; ādhmāna—, ā́dhmā-
yati, uddhama—, *uddhāma—, uddhmāna—, *uddhmā-
yatē, upadhmā́na—, prádhamati, vidhmāpayati.
6735 *dhamm— ‘noise’. [Cf. dhamadhamā ‘with the noise of
bellows or trumpet’ MW., dhamadhamāyatē ‘roars’
Nāg., ‘quakes’ Mālatīm.]
Pk. dhamadhamaï ‘makes a noise’; P. Ku. dhamādham
m. ‘noise of beating’; N. dhamādham ‘incessantly’; A.
dhamdhamāiba ‘to roar’; B. dhamdham ‘blowing re-
peatedly’; Or. dhamādham ‘with a thump’; OAw.
dhamari f. ‘tumultuous movement’, dhamadhama m.
‘tumult’; H. dhamādham ‘noisily, suddenly’; G.
dhamādham f. ‘scuffle’, M. dhamādhamī f.; — P.
dhammaṛdhussā m. ‘noisy stamping’; N. dhamardhus
‘fat, stalwart’, H. dhamdhūsar.
*dhammakka—.
6765 *dhava—
2 ‘white’.
M. dhavā ‘white’, Ko. dhavo.
dhavalá—2.
dhavá—
3 m. ‘man’ Naigh., ‘husband’ BhP. [Extracted
from vidhávā—]
*gōrdhava—.
6769 *dhākka— ‘pomp, boast’.
S. dhāka f., °ko m. ‘fame, awe’; P. dhāk f. ‘pomp’;
Ku. dhāk ‘eager wish’; N. dhāk ‘pomp, boasting’; H.
dhāk f. ‘pomp, grandeur’; G. dhāk f. ‘awe’, M. dhāk m.
6770 *dhāgga— ‘thread’. 2. *dharāgga—. [Poss. X dhara-
m. ‘flock of cotton’, Pk. dhara— n. ‘raw cotton’: but
cf. *trāgga—]
1. S. dhāǥo m. ‘thread, twine’; L. dhāggā m. ‘small
string by which thong attaching yoke to plough—shaft is
itself fastened to peg in shaft’, awāṇ. dhāgā ‘thread’, P.
dhāggā m., Ku. N. dhāgo; Or. dhāgā, ḍhāgā ‘single
stitch’; H. dhāgā m. ‘thread’; G. dhāgɔ m. ‘thread, piece
of cloth’, dhāgī f. ‘patchwork quilt’; M. dhāgā m.
‘thread’; — ext. —l—: Ku. dhāgulo ‘bracelet’, H. dhagulā
m. — X dā́man—1: Gy. eur. thav m. ‘thread’, pal. dăf,
as. def?
2. Pk. dharagga— m. ‘cotton’.
*DHĀṬ ‘drive out, attack’: *dhāṭayati, dhāṭī—;
nirdhāṭayati.
Addenda: *dhāgga— [Rather †;*dhārga— ~ †;*dharga— with dial.
a ~ ā < IE. o (*dhorgo— in NPers. darz ‘suture’,
darzmān ‘thread’); Pk. dharagga— < *dhargga— <
*dharga— T. Burrow BSOAS xxxviii 73]
WPah.J. dhāgā m. ‘thread’, kṭg. dhàggɔ m., poet.
dhaguḷo, °gḷo, °gḷu m. ‘bracelet’ (Him.I 105).
6797 *dhārmaṇa— ‘a kind of grass’. [Cf. dharmaṇa—2?]
K. dramun, dat. °manas m. ‘the grass Panicum
dactylon or Cynodon dactylon’ (rather than < *dra-
maṇa—); L. dhāman m. ‘the excellent grass Pennisetum
cenchroides’, mult. dhāmhuṇ m., P. dhāmaṇ m.; H.
dhāman m. ‘a grass of good quality’.
Addenda: dhārmaṇa—: WPah.poet. damno (°ṇo?) ‘grassy’ Him.I
98.
6811 *dhipp— ‘flicker, shine’. [Onom.? Cf. *dhapp— and
poss. influence of √dīp]
Pk. dhippaï ‘shines’, dhippira— ‘shining’; N. dhipdhip
‘glimmering light’, dhipdhipāunu ‘to flicker’, dhipko
‘gleam’; A. dhipdhipāiba ‘to palpitate’; Mth. dhīpal
‘warm’, dhipāeb ‘to set alight, to warm’; — Ku. dhuppa
f. ‘faint gleam’, dhupdhupāṇo ‘to glimmer, twinkle,
flame’.
6814 *dhīmma— ‘slow’. [Cf. *ḍhīmma— ‘lump’?]
P. dhīmā ‘slow’, Ku. dhīmo, N. A. B. Or. dhimā, H.
dhīmā, G. dhīmũ, M. dhim(m)ā.
Addenda: *dhīmma—: A. also ḍhimā (phonet. dh—) ‘slow, languid’
AFD 210.
6820 *dhukk— ‘tremble’.
Pk. dhukkādhukkaï ‘trembles’; N. dhukdhuki ‘palpita-
tion’, H. dhukdhukī f.; M. dhukdhukṇẽ ‘to palpitate’,
dhukmuk ‘with palpitation’.
DHUKṢ ‘kindle’: dhúkṣatē; saṁdhukṣatē.
6825 *dhuppā— ‘sunshine’. [Cf. *dhapp—, *dhipp—]
S. dhupa f. ‘heat of sun’, L. dhupp f., awāṇ. dhup;
P. WPah. dhupp f. ‘sunshine’, Ku. dhūp, N. dhup; A.
dhupiba ‘to pant with heat’; B. dhup, Or. OAw. dhūpa,
H. G. M. dhūp f.; — NOGaw 37 in Gaw. handā́dup
‘darkness’ —dup < *dhuppā—; but perh. it is adup
‘absence of sunshine’ with Gaw. negative prefix.
6828 *dhuradhara—,
dhuraṁdhara— ‘bearing a yoke, fit to
be harnessed’ MBh. [dhúr—, dhara—]
Pk. dhuraṁdhara— ‘capable of bearing a load’; G.
dharār, dharāḷ ‘able to bear the yoke’.
6833 *dhuvati
2 ‘washes’. 2. dhūtá—
2 ‘rinsed (of soma)’ RV.,
dhuta—2 ‘cleansed’ R. [Same as dhuváti
1 and dhūtá—1?
— √dhāv
2]
1. Pk. dhu(v)aï ‘washes’; Dm. dūwāy— ‘to wash’,
Bshk. du—, Phal. dhūv—; K. ḍuwun ‘to sweep’ (or <
dhuváti
1); WPah.bhal. dhũṇū ‘to wash’, cam. dhūṇā,
M. dhu(v)ṇẽ; Ko. dhuttā ‘washes’, dhuvaṇa n. ‘wash-
ing’. — S. dhuaṇu, N. dhunu (both with pp. dhoyo)
prob. < dho— s.v. *dhauvati. — Anal. pass. stems in
P. dhuppṇā ‘to be washed’, M. dhupṇẽ ‘to be washed, to
wash’, caus. dhupaviṇẽ (after MIA. type chuvaï ~
chuppaï) and P. dhuccṇā (after type paaï ~ paccaï).
2. Gy. kar. duhend ‘they washed off’; Dm. pret.
duwam ‘I washed’, Phal. dhūwēli; WPah.bhal. pp.
dhuho ‘washed’ (< *dhuo huo?); Or. dhuā ‘bleached’.
*dhūtamāṣya—.
*dhuṣa— ‘chaff’ see túṣa—.
Addenda: *dhuvati2: S.kcch. dhūṇū ‘to wash’.
6834 *dhuṣṭa— ‘dust, powder’? [See *dhūḍi—]
N. ḍhuṭo ‘powder, bran’.
dhustū́ra— see dhattūra—.
DHŪ ‘shake’: dhāvayati3, *dhunvati, dhuváti1,
dhūtá—1, dhūna—, dhūni—, dhūnṓti, *dhūya—, dhūyatē1,
dhūvati; *uddhavati, uddhūta—, vídhūnōti; -
dhūpa—, dhūpana—; — √dhāv2
.
dhū́ṅkṣṇā— see dhvā́ṅkṣa—.
6835 *dhūḍi— m., dhūli— f. ‘dust, powder’ Pañcat., dhūlikā— f.
‘pollen, fog, mist’ lex. [Prob. < *dhū̆ẓḍi— (IE. origin
and comparison with OSlav. dŭždĭ ‘rain’ given in ND
331 a 23 wrongly rejected in EWA ii 110): three other
words with poss. original meaning ‘dust’ may belong
here, *dhuṣa—, *dhuṣṭa— and dhūsara— (~ dhvas(i)rá—).
The variation dh ~ t seen in tūsta— n. ‘dust’ Pāṇ.Kāś.,
tusta— m.n. lex., though suggesting non—Aryan origin,
may be due to influence of tuṣa—]
Pk. dhūlī̆— f. ‘dust’; Gy. arm. thuli ‘earth, ashes, snow’,
pal. dīl, dı̄́li ‘dust, ashes, clay’, díri—kerar ‘makes ashes,
scatters, winnows’; Tir. (Leech) "dùda" ‘dust’; Paš.
weg. duṛı̄́, dar. dū́ri ‘dust—storm’; Tor. dur m. ‘mist’;
Phal. dúṛi ‘dust’, S. dhūṛi f.; L. dhūṛ f. ‘dust (in the
air)’; P. dhūṛ, dhūl f., dhor m. ‘dust’, dhūṛā m. ‘fine dust
of anything pulverized’, kgr. dhūr f. ‘thick mist or
cloud’; WPah.bhal. dhuṛ f. ‘dust’, cam. jaun. dhūṛ,
bhad. dhuṛo ‘grey’; Ku. dhūl, dhuli ‘dust’, dhulo ‘dust,
flour’, dhuliyā ‘flour’; N. dhulo ‘dust, powder’; A. dhuli,
dhulā ‘dust’, B. dhul, dhulā; Or. dhuḷi, dhūḷā, (dial.)
dhūri ‘dust, pollen’; OAw. dhūrī f. ‘dust’, H. dhūl,
dhūr, dhūliyā f. (whence dhū̆riyānā ‘to throw dust on,
winnow’); OMarw. dhūli f. ‘dust, ashes’; G. dhūṛ, dhūḷi
f. ‘dust’, M. dhūḷ f., Ko. dhūḷi.
*uddhūḍi—, uddhūlana—, uddhūlayati; *dhūḍi-
dhāna—, *dhūḍipaṭṭa—.
Addenda: *dhūḍi—: S.kcch. dhūṛ f. ‘dust’, WPah.kṭg. dhv̀ḷɔ m., J.
dhūḷ f.; Garh. dhūḷū ‘dust’, dhūṛu ‘flour’.
6839 *dhūṇḍh— ‘seek’. 2. *ḍhūṇḍh— (ḍhuṇḍhati ‘seeks’ lex.).
1. Or. dhuṇḍhibā, °ḍibā, dhundibā ‘to search’, G.
dhuṇḍvũ, M. dhũḍṇẽ, dhũḍāḷṇẽ.
2. Pk. ḍhuṁḍhullaï, ḍhaṁ°, ḍhaṁḍhōlaï ‘wanders
round, seeks’; Gy. eur. rod— (wel. with unvoiced r—) ‘to
seek’, arm. lor— ‘to find’; S. ḍhū̃ḍhaṇu ‘to seek’, L.
ḍhūṇḍhaṇ, ḍhūḍaṇ, P. ḍhū̃ḍhṇā, Ku. ḍhunṇo, N.
ḍhũṛālnu, B. ḍhũṛā, ḍhõ;ṛā, Aw. lakh. ḍhū̃ṛhab, H. ḍhū̃ḍhnā,
G. ḍhũḍhvũ, ḍhũḍvũ, M. ḍhũḍhāḷnẽ, ḍhā̃ḍhuḷṇẽ.
*ādhūṇḍh—.
6862 *dhūya— ‘to be shaken, to be swept up’. [√dhū]
P. dhujj m. ‘heap’; N. dhujo ‘piece, shred’.
6880 *dhōkka—
1 ‘sacking, matting’. 2. *dhōkha—.
3. *dhōṅga—
2. 4. *ḍhōkka—
1. [Cf. *ṭōkka—1]
1. Ext. —ḍ—: N. dhokro ‘large jute bag’, B. dhokaṛ; Or.
dhokaṛa ‘cloth bag’; Bi. dhŏkrā ‘jute bag’; Mth.
dhokṛā ‘bag, vessel, receptacle’; H. dhukṛī f. ‘small bag’;
G. dhokṛũ n. ‘bale of cotton’; — with —ṭṭ—: M. dhokṭī f.
‘wallet’; — with —n—: G. dhokṇũ n. ‘bale of cotton’;
— with —s—: N. (Tarai) dhokse ‘place covered with a mat
to store rice in’.
2. L. dhohẽ (pl. dhūhı̄̃) m. ‘large thatched shed’.
3. M. dhõ;gḍā m. ‘coarse cloth’, dhõ;gṭī f. ‘wallet’.
4. L. ḍhok f. ‘hut in the fields’; Ku. ḍhwākā m. pl.
‘gates of a city or market’; N. ḍhokā (pl. of *ḍhoko)
‘door’; — OMarw. ḍhokaro m. ‘basket’; — N. ḍhokse
‘place covered with a mat to store rice in, large basket’.
*dhōkka—
2 ‘defective’ see *ḍōkka—2.
*dhōkha— ‘matting’ see *dhōkka—1.
*dhōṅga—
1 ‘lump’ see *ḍhikka—1.
*dhōṅga—
2 ‘matting’ see *dhōkka—1.
dhōḍa— see dundhubha—.
6881 *dhōtta— ‘cloth’. 2. dhōtra— ODBL 506 (lex.?). [Cf.
*dhauta—1 which is poss. same as dhautá—2, replaced in
MIA. by anal. *dhōtta— in WPah.l.rudh. dhōtā s.v.
*dhauvati. — If dhōtra— is old, then it could be source
of all NIA. forms (E forms with meaning ‘loin—cloth’
with —t(t)— having spread to K. S. L. P.). But if it is
sanskritization of MIA. *dhotta—, then the dhotar of
L. P. Ku. H. G. M. may derive from an extended
*dhotta—ra—]
1. K. dūti
(with definite article dōtyāh) f. ‘loin—cloth’.
S. dhotī f., dhotyo m., P. dhottī f., Ku. dhotī, dhotā
m. pl., gng. dhweti
, N. dhoti, A. dhuti, B. Or. dhoti,
dhuti, Bi. Mth. H. dhotī f., G. dhotī f., dhotiyū n.,
dhotlī f. ‘small do.’. — Or. dhotaṛa ‘worn out and torn’.
2. L. dhōtar m. ‘thin country cloth’; P. dhotar f. ‘very
thin coarse cotton cloth’ (→ Ku. H. dhotar f.); G.
dhotar n. ‘loin—cloth’ (→ M. dhotar n.). — Connexion
with L. adhōtar m. ‘thin country cloth’, OH. adhotara
m. ‘a coarse country cloth’ is unexpl. (scarcely with
HŚS 1716 < adhō—vastra—).
*bāladhōtta—.
dhōtra— see prec.
Addenda: *dhōtta—: S.kcch. dhotyo m. ‘man's white garment
round waist and tucked in behind’.
6882 *dhōdda— ‘hollow, swollen’. 2. *dhōnda—. [Cf.
*ḍōṭṭha—, *ṭhōṭṭha—]
1. N. dhodro, dhotro ‘hollow’; A. dhod ‘sluggard’;
M. dhodyā, dhodar ‘swollen, puffy’, dhodśī f. ‘puffiness,
flabbiness’; — N. dhollo ‘flabby’ < *dhodlo?
2. A. dhond ‘hollow in a tree’.
*dhōddha— ‘belly’ see tunda—1.
*dhōnda— ‘hollow’ see *dhōdda—.
*dhōndha— ‘belly’ see tunda—1.
*dhōrśa— ‘cloth’ see dūrśá—.
*dhaukyatē ‘is brought’ see *ḍhaukyatē.
6883 *dhauta—
1 ‘cloth, thread’, dhautaka— ‘made of bleached
silk’ Pat., dhautakaṭa— m. ‘bag of coarse cloth’ lex.
[Perh. same as dhautá—2: see also *dhōtta—]
WPah.bhal. dhou m. ‘thread (wool or cotton)’?
dhautá—
2 ‘washed’ see *dhauvati.
dhaura—
1 see dhavá—1.
*dhaura—2, *dhaurya— ‘pertaining to the yoke’ see
next.
6902 *dhvasa— ‘fall’. [See dhváṁsati. — √dhvaṁs]
Or. dhasā ‘place from which earth is falling down,
soil which gives way because of water below’; H. dhas
m. ‘dive’; M. dhas m. ‘steep slope’.
dhvasáti, dhvasta—, dhvasyatē see dhváṁsati.
6934 *naṭati ‘trembles, totters’. 2. *nāṭayati. 3. *naṭyati.
[~ *laṭati, *lāṭayati: cf. unnaṭati ‘jumps up’ Kāś. on
Pāṇ. ~ *ullaṭati. Prob. ← Drav. Kuiper IL 16, 104.
— √*naṭ]
1. B. naṛā intr. ‘to shake, flinch, move’, caus.
naṛāna; Or. naṛibā intr. ‘to shake’, naṛa—naṛa ‘unsteady,
shaking’. — Poss. also Pk. ṇaḍaï ‘is distraught’; Ku.
naṛak ‘scolding’, naṛkyūṇo ‘to scold, frighten’; Mth.
narab ‘to refuse scornfully’; G. naṛvũ ‘to obstruct’; M.
naḍṇẽ ‘to go with difficulty, be embarrassed’.
2. B. nāṛā tr. ‘to shake, agitate’. — M. nāḍṇẽ ‘to
rob’?
3. K. naṭun intr. ‘to shake, tremble, be afraid’.
6935 *
naṭṭa— ‘defective’. 2. *
naṭṭha—. 3. *
naḍḍha—.
4. *
naṇḍha—. 5. *
niḍḍha—. [Cf. *
laṇṭha—, *
laḍḍha—,
*
laṇḍha—, *
liḍḍa— in group of ‘defective ’words s.v.
laṭṭa—
1. — *
naṭṭha— prob. orig. separate from
naṣṭá-
with which it collided in MIA. and from which in some
cases it is difficult both phonet. and semant. to dis-
tinguish it]
1. S.
naṭu m. ‘knave’; P.
nāṭā m. ‘dwarf’; Ku.
nāṭo,
naṭuwā,
naṭṭal ‘unmarried’; Bi.
nāṭā,
naṭwā ‘stunted
bullock’; Mth.
nāṭ ‘dwarf’; H.
nāṭā ‘short, dwarfish,
vile, dissolute’; M.
nāṭā ‘vile’.
2. Ku.
naṭhalo ‘childless’; N.
nāṭho ‘contemptuous
term for a wifeless man, paramour’; Or.
nāṭhā ‘dwarf-
ish, having no heirs’; H.
nā̃ṭhā ‘deceased without heirs’
(perh. <
naṣṭá—, see
naṣṭi— in Ku.),
nā̃ṭh m. ‘the estate
of such a person’,
naṭhiyā m. ‘scoundrel’; G.
naṭhārũ
‘rude, unbecoming’; M.
naṭhārā ‘bad, useless’.
3. Woṭ.
nāṛ m. ‘boy’,
nyāṛ,
ny
e_
ṛ f. ‘girl’; L.
naḍḍhā
‘small, young’, (Salt Range)
naḍhā m. ‘bridegroom’,
(Hindko of Peshawar)
naḍḍhā m. ‘boy’, awāṇ.
naḍhā
‘young boy’; P.
naḍḍhā m. ‘old person’; Si.
naḍi ‘large,
stout, bulky’,
naḍa ‘filth, any impure thing’ (or <
laṇḍa—
1).
4. S.
naṇḍho ‘small, short, low, unimportant’; L.
(Tinauli)
naṇḍā ‘boy’.
5. L.
niḍḍhā ‘small, young’, (Shahpur)
niḍhā.
*
naṭṭha— ‘defective’ see *
naṭṭa—.
*
naṭyati intr. ‘shakes’ see *
naṭati.
Addenda: *
naṭṭa—. 1. Garh.
nāṭ ‘childlessness’.
5. *
niḍḍha—: S.kcch.
niṇḍho ‘small’.
NAD: †;
vinadati.
6939 *naḍina—,
naliná— n. ‘lotus flower’ MBh., naḍínī— f.
‘reed—bed’ Pāṇ.gaṇa, nalinī— f. ‘lotus pond, lotus’ MBh.
[< *naḍin—? — naḍá—]
Pa. nalinī— f. ‘pond’; Pk. ṇaliṇa— n. ‘red lotus’, °ṇī̆— f.
‘lotus pond’; Si. neḷun, °um, °um̆ba ‘lotus flower’.
*naḍḍha— ‘defective’ see *naṭṭa—.
7037 *nākka— ‘like a nose, projecting’. [*nakka—]
K. naka ‘big—nosed’; S. nāko m. ‘eye of needle
(semant. cf. N. nāthro s.v. nastā—), entrance, pass’; L.
nakkā m. ‘edge’; P. nākkā m. ‘river—mouth, van of an
army’; N. nāko ‘tip, ridge of a hill’; B. nākā ‘defile’;
Or. nākā ‘eye—end of a needle, spout of a jug, town-
gate’, nāki ‘eye of a needle’; H. nākā m. ‘eye of needle,
end of road, passage, gap’, G. nākũ n.; M. nākẽ n., °kā
m. ‘end of road’.
7055 *nānda— ‘pot’, nandā— f. ‘small earthen waterjar’,
°dikā— f. lex.
Pk. ṇaṁda— n. ‘pot’; S. nādu m., °dī f. ‘large water
vessel’, P. nā̃d m.; A. nadīyā ‘large earthen pot’, B.
nādā, Or. nandiā ‘big open—mouthed pot’; Bi. nā̃d, nād,
lād, lāed ‘earthen feeding trough for cattle’, nadiyā
‘vessel for curds’; H. nā̃d f. ‘large open earthen water-
pot’, M. nā̃d(ī) f.
*nāndakūpikā—, *nāndatapikā—.
Addenda: *nānda— [~ nandā— with dial. a ~ ā < IE. o
T. Burrow BSOAS xxxviii 73]
7059 *
nānna— ‘term of respect for an older relative’. [Cf.
nanā̃— f. ‘mother’ RV.]
Pk.
ṇaṇṇa— m. ‘eldest brother’; Ḍ.
n
*l
na ‘grand-
mother’; Ash.
nänı̄́ ‘father's sister’; Kt.
nanı̄́,
nū̃
‘mother's sister’; Pr.
nan,
nän ‘mother, wife's mother’;
Dm.
nan ‘mother's sister’; K.
nāñ f. ‘father's or mother's
mother’; S.
nāno m. ‘mother's father’,
°nī ‘her mother’
nānāṇo ‘belonging to mother's family’; L. P.
nānā m.
‘mother's father’,
°nī f. ‘her mother’, WPah.bhal. Ku.
nāno m.,
°nī f.; N.
nāni ‘baby, term of address to younger
woman’; B.
nānā ‘mother's father’,
°ni ‘her mother’; Or.
nānā ‘mother's father’,
°ni ‘mother's mother, father's
sister, elder sister’,
nāna ‘son’,
nanā ‘elder brother,
mother, daughter’,
nani ‘term of address for a Brahman's
daughter’; H.
nānā m. ‘mother's father’,
°nī f. ‘her
mother’,
naniyā ‘belonging to mother's grandfather’; M.
nānā m.,
°nī f. ‘respectful term of address’. — L.khet.
nāṇā ‘grandmother’ < *
nānakā—?
*
nānnīpitākula—.
Addenda: *
nānna—: WPah.kṭg.
nān m. ‘mother's father’, J.
nān(
ā) m.; kṭg.
nanni
f. ‘mother's mother’, J.
nānī f.;
Garh.
nɔni ‘a small girl’ (or <
nagná—).
7570 *nīvara—
2 ‘fat’. [Cf. nı̄́vati ‘becomes fat’ Dhātup. and
pīvará—]
Si. neranavā, neriyanavā ‘to become fat’??
7581 *nr̥tti— ‘dancing, quivering’. [√nr̥t]
K. naṭh, dat. °ṭi f. ‘quivering, trembling’ or more
prob. deriv. of naṭun s.v. naṭati
1.
7618 *pakk— ‘move forward, reach’. [Loss of final syllables
and of —m— in K. would make derivation from prákram-
ati doubtful. Pk. paccala— ‘sufficient, able’ suggests
connection with pakvá—]
Pk. pakka— ‘reached, sufficient, able’, pakkaṇa— ‘able’;
K. pakun ‘to go, tread, advance, go on well, succeed’;
Or. pakāibā ‘to make move, throw, throw away, place,
put’; — A. B. pāk ‘bend, twist, eddy, rounds of a field
in ploughing’?
Addenda: *pakk— [< pr̥kṣá— ‘strong’ RV. (semant. cf.
pūryátē)? — (But Pk. pakka— ‘pakā huā, tr̥pta,
garvit, samartha, pakkā’ PSM, WPah.kṭg. pakkɔ ‘ripe,
clever’ may confirm der. from pakvá—; Pk. pakka-
‘pahũcā huā’ PSM suggests pakvá— collides with a
Pk. pakka— < prā́pta— like mukka— < mukta—, etc.
J.C.W.)]
7619 *pakkaḍ— ‘seize’. 2. *paggaḍ—. [Cf. Pk. paggaï,
paṁgaï, piṁgaï ‘seizes’. — Obscure and doubtful con-
nexion with pragrahá—, prágr̥hṇāti ‘holds’ AV., Pa.
paggaṇhati, pp. paggahita—, Pk. paggahiya—]
1. P. pakaṛṇā, pha° ‘to seize’, Ku. pakaṛṇo, N.
pakranu, A. pākariba, B. pākaṛā, Or. pakaṛāibā,
Aw.lakh. pakarab, H. pakaṛnā, Marw. pakaṛṇo, G.
pakaṛvũ, M. pakaḍṇẽ.
2. P. pagaṛṇā ‘to seize’, Or. pagaṛibā.
Addenda: *pakkaḍ—: S.kcch. pakaṛṇū ‘to catch’, WPah.kṭg. (kc.)
pakƏṛnõ;, Wkc. pɔkƏṛno, J. pākṛnu ‘to arrest’.
7643 *paggala— ‘mad’. [pāgala— BrahmavP. — Poss. a
‘defective’ word of the group paṅgu— (cf. esp. Or.
pāṅguḷā)]
K. P. pāgal ‘mad’, Ku. pāgal, paglo, N. A. B. pāgal;
Or. pāgaḷa, °gala, pagaḷā, °galā ‘mad’, pāṅguḷā ‘madness’
(or < paṅgula—?); H. pāgal, paglā ‘mad’.
Addenda: *paggala—: WPah.kṭg. (kc.) pagƏl ‘mad’ (prob. ← H.
Him.I 109).
7644 *paggā— ‘headdress’. [Scarcely with ODBL 461 <
pragraha—]
K. pag f. ‘turban’, S. paǥa f., L. pagg, pl. °gã f., (Ju.)
paǥ f., P. pagg f., Ku. pāg f., N. A. B. pāg, Or. pāga,
Bi. Mth. H. pāg f., G. pāgh f.; — ext. —ḍa—: K. pagürü
f.,
S. paǥiṛī f., L. pagṛī f., P. paggaṛ m.; Ku. pāgṛo m.
‘turban, loin—sheet’; N. pagari ‘turban, cap’; A. pāguri
‘turban’, B. pāgṛi, Or. pagaṛi, Bi. pagrī, H. pagṛī f.
(→ Mth. pagaṛī), G. pāghṛī f.; M. pagḍī f. ‘child's
turban’.
*paggapaṭṭa—.
Addenda: *paggā—: S.kcch. pāg, pāgh ‘turban’, WPah.kṭg. pagg
(prob. ← P. Him.I 109), pāg f., J. pāg f., A. pāg AFD
182; Md. faguḍi ‘turban’ ← Ind.
7648 *paṅgur— ‘cover’.
Pk. paṁguraï ‘covers’, paṁguraṇa— n. ‘cloth, garment’;
G. pā̃graṇ n. ‘small kind of dhotī worn by men,
bodice’; OM. pāṁguraṇeṁ ‘to cover loosely, put on
loosely’, pāṁguraṇa n. ‘covering, sheet’.
7652 *pacchi— ‘basket’.
Pa. Pk. pacchi— f. ‘basket’; L. pacchī f. ‘basket (woven
from grass, wheat straw, palm leaves or ends of reeds)’;
A. pāsi ‘bamboo basket’; Si. päsa, pähä ‘basket’; -
deriv. Or. pāchiā ‘kept in a basket (of milk for curdling)’.
7711 *paṭyati ‘splits’. [√paṭ
1]
S. paṭaṇu ‘to dig up, pluck out’; L. paṭṭaṇ ‘to dig up,
bite’, awāṇ. paṭṭuṇ ‘to uproot’; P. paṭṭṇā ‘to dig up,
open’; N. paṭnu ‘to lie fallow’ (i.e. after being dug up?);
H. paṭnā ‘to be levelled, be irrigated’. — See pāṭayati.
PAṬH ‘recite, read’: páṭhati, paṭhana—, pāṭha—,
pā́ṭhaka—, pāṭhayati, pāṭhin—; *āpaṭhati, pari-
pāṭha—; — √prath.
Addenda: *paṭyati: WPah.kṭg. pɔṭṇõ; ‘to uproot’, J. paṭṇu.
7732 *
patta—
2 ‘back’. 2. *
pattama—. 3. *
pattama—. [Poss.
<
apāktáḥ AV.,
ápāktāt RV. ‘from behind’,
ápāñc-
‘behind’ RV.: √
añc. — But as a specifically NW word
it may derive from Indo—Ir. *
pati (Av.
paiti, &c. ~ Sk.
práti) with doubling of —
t— as in
iyattaká— or Pk.
itti ~
íti (J. C. W.)]
1. Ash.
patē̃́i ‘after’, Wg.
alé patái, Paš.
pat; Gaw.
pata ‘behind’,
patae ‘afterwards’; Woṭ.
padḗ ‘back,
again’; Bshk. (Biddulph)
pat ‘after’,
patai ‘second’,
patka ‘again’; Tor.
pat,
pad ‘behind’, Mai.
patō, Sh.
phătú (
ph ?); K.
potu
‘hinder, subsequent’,
pȧti
‘behind’; WPah.bhal.
pátte ‘behind’; Ku.
patīr ‘after,
beyond’ (+?).
2. WPah.bhal.
pattar ‘further behind’,
pattraũ ‘hinder’.
3. NiDoc.
patama adv. ‘back’; — with —
ima—: K.
patyumu
‘hindmost’; WPah.bhiḍ.
p
e
ttiõ; ‘hinder’.
*
patta—
3 ‘fallen’ see
pátati.
*
pattaṅga— ‘flying insect’ see
pataṅgá—.
pattana— see
paṭṭana—.
*
pattama—, *pattara—, ‘behind’ see *
patta—
2.
7748 *
pada—
2 ‘tendon’. [Cf. Psht.
pala ‘tendon, nerve’, Pers.
pai]
Pr.
wy
e
le ‘tendon’ NTS xv 278; Kho. (Lor.)
poi
‘tendon, sinew’.
7967 *palla—
3 ‘cloth’. [Cf. pallava—2, and further paṭa— and
poss. palya—]
S. pālu m. ‘tent’ (← Centre or G.?); L.awāṇ. pallā
‘cloth, scarf’; Ku. pāl ‘canopy’; N. pāl ‘tent’; A. pāl
‘sail, large sheet of cloth, palanquin’; B. pāl ‘sail’, pāil
‘sail, awning’; Or. pāla ‘sail’; H. pāl m. ‘sail’, pallā m.
‘sheet, border’; G. pāl m. ‘cloth curtain for side of tent’;
M. pāl n. ‘large cloth to form a tent’; Si. pala ‘cotton
cloth’ (or < paṭa—). — P. H. pallā m. ‘cloth spread out
for grain’ poss. < palya—.
Addenda: *palla—3: S.kcch. pāl m. ‘big jute cloth’.
†;*palla—
4 see pala—3.
7968 *
pallaṭṭ— ‘turn, overturn’. [Origin very doubtful:
< *
palyaṭṭ— < *
paliaṭṭ— (cf. Pk.
pariaṭṭa—) <
pári-
vartatē? — Or < *
paly—aṭyati ‘goes round’ (cf.
paryaṭati ‘roams’ MBh.? — Or X
paryasta— LM 367]
Pk.
pallaṭṭaï,
palaṭṭaï ‘turns over’,
allaṭṭa—pallaṭṭa-
n. ‘turning from side to side’ Deśīn.; Dm.
palaṭ— intr.
‘to roll, fly (of things, e.g. a stone)’; Paš.lauṛ.
palaṭı̄́
‘rolling about’; K.
palaṭun ‘to melt’; S.
palṭaṇu ‘to cast
metal’; P.
palṭaṇā intr. ‘to turn, change’,
palṭāuṇā tr.,
palṭā m. ‘turn’; WPah.bhal.
pal
e_
ṭnū ‘to fold’; Ku.
palṭaṇo intr. ‘to return’,
palṭauṇo tr. ‘to send back,
overturn’,
palaṭ,
palṭo ‘exchange’; N.
palṭanu intr. ‘to
overturn’,
palṭāunu tr.,
palṭa,
°ṭo ‘time, occasion’; A.
pālṭiba intr. ‘to overturn’,
pālṭāiba tr.,
pālaṭ ‘exchange’;
B.
pālṭāna tr. ‘to turn, change’,
pālaṭ ‘exchange’; Or.
pālaṭibā ‘to overturn’,
pālaṭa ‘exchange’,
°ṭā ‘change of
clothes’; Mth.
palṭab ‘to be reversed’; OAw.
palaṭaï intr.
‘returns’; H.
palaṭnā intr. ‘to overturn’,
palṭānā tr.,
palṭā m. ‘turn’; G.
pā̆laṭvũ intr. ‘to change’,
palṭɔ m.
‘rise and fall in music’,
pālṭɔ m. ‘return, recompense’;
M.
pālaṭ m. ‘turn’,
palāṭaṇ,
paleṭaṇ n. ‘turn, wandering’.
— See
parivarta—, párivartatē.
Addenda: *
pallaṭṭ—: WPah.Wkc.
pɔlṭṇo, °
ṭiṇo ‘to turn back,
return (into)’,
pƏlṭ
e
uṇo ‘to cause to retract’; A.
pālaṭ
‘turned up (AFD 204), turned down (236)’,
pālaṭiba
‘to turn back’ (337); OMarw.
palaṭaï ‘alters’.
8013 *paṣṭa— ‘breast’. [Identification with IE. *pek̂t— in
Lat. pectus &c. very doubtful NTS xiii 229]
Pr. wustū́, ustū́ ‘breast, rib’.
8014 *paṣṭāna— ‘Afghan’. [← Ir. cf. Psht. paštūn, pl. °tānƏ
< *pr̥ṣṭāna— ‘hill people’ EVP 61]
K. paṭhān m., °ṭhöñü
f. ‘Pathan’, S. paṭhāṇu m., P.
paṭhāṇ m., N. paṭhān, A. B. pāṭhān, Or. paṭhāṇa, H.
paṭhān m., G. M. paṭhāṇ m.
8015 *
paṣṭha— ‘young animal’. 2. *
pāṣṭha—. [Connexion
with
paṣṭhaváh— ‘four or five year old bull’ VS. (ND
374 a 21, EWA ii 241) very doubtful: and in absence of
other evidence for —
ṣṭh— orig. rather *
paṭṭha—, *
pāṭṭha-
~ *
pāḍḍa— q.v.]
1. S.
paṭha f. ‘kid of 8 or 9 months’; L.
paṭṭh,
paṭṭhṛī f.,
paṭhōrā m.,
°rī f. ‘kid’,
paṭṭhā m.,
°ṭhī
f. ‘young donkey’; P.
paṭṭh f. ‘young she—goat not
yet giving milk, pullet’,
paṭṭhā m. ‘young he—goat or
cock or man or grass’,
paṭṭhī f. ‘young girl before
puberty’,
paṭhor,
°rī f.,
°rā m. ‘young goat’; WPah.
bhal.
paṭh
e_
r m.f. ‘well—developed lamb’; Ku.
pāṭho m.,
°ṭhī f. ‘kid, lamb’,
paṭṭhā ‘young man’,
paṭhaṅaro
‘young she—goat’, gng.
pāṭh m.,
pyeṭh f. ‘kid’; N.
pāṭho
m.,
°ṭhi f. ‘kid’; A.
paṭhā ‘full—grown uncastrated goat’,
pāṭhī ‘she—goat’; B.
pā̃ṭ(
h)
ā ‘he—goat, young ram’,
pā̃ṭhi
‘young she—goat, any young female animal’; Or.
peṇṭhā m.,
°ṭhī f. ‘kid, lamb’; Bi.
pāṭhā m.,
°ṭhī,
paṭhiyā
f. ‘kid’, Bhoj.
pāṭhā,
paṭṭhā; H.
pāṭhā,
paṭṭhā,
paṭh m.
‘young full grown animal’,
paṭhiyā f. ‘young she—goat’;
M.
pāṭ(
h) f. ‘kid’; Si.
päṭavā,
päṭiyā ‘young of any
animal, young person’, — ext.
kk—: Sh.
faṭikĕr m.f.
‘foal’; Si.
päṭikkī ‘girl’.
2. K.pog.
pāṭh ‘kid’; S.
pāṭho,
pāṭhuru m. ‘10 or 12
months old kid’; P.
pāṭhā m. ‘young elephant’; H.
pāṛhī
f. ‘young buffalo’ (or < *
pāḍḍa—?).
*
paṣṭharūpa—; *ajapaṣṭha—, *avipaṣṭha—.
Addenda: *
paṣṭha—: S.kcch.
paṭṭh m. ‘young goat’.
8018 *pahuñca— ‘forearm, wrist’.
L. pôcā m. ‘paw’, (Shahpur) paucā m. ‘paw, claw’;
P. pahũcā m. ‘wrist, paw’; N. paũjā ‘paw’; OAw.
pahuṁcihi obl. sg. f. ‘wrist’; H. pahũcā m. ‘forearm,
wrist’; G. pɔ̃hɔ̃cɔ m. ‘wrist’, M. pohãcī f.
PĀ
1 ‘drink’: pa—1, pā́tra—, pā́na—, pānı̄́ya—, pāyáyati,
*pipāsaka—, pipāsā́—, pipāsitá—, píbati, pītá—1, pīyátē,
pēya—; āpāna—1, nipāna—, prapā́—.
PĀ
2 ‘protect’: pa—2, pā—; *āpāna—2.
pā— in cmpds. ‘protecting’: adhipā́—, tanūpā́—, pa-
śupā́—; — pa—2.
Addenda: *pahuñca—: S.kcch. paũco m. ‘wrist’, WPah.kṭg. pɔ̄́nj̈ɔ
m.
8041 *pāḍi— ‘row, line, turn’, pālí—1, °lī— ‘boundary, edge’
MBh., ‘row, line’ Ratnāv., ‘dam, dike’ Rājat. [Perh. <
*prāḍi— ~ *āḍi—2 (cf. prānta— ~ ánta—); semant. for
‘line’ > ‘turn’ cf. Ku. pā̃t ‘line, turn, rotation’ <
paṅktí—. — Other suggestions with lit. EWA ii 263 s.v.
pāliḥ]
Pa. pāḷi— f. ‘line, row, text’; Pk. pāli— f. ‘edge, boun-
dary, bank of tank’, °lī— f. ‘line, direction’, °liā— f.
‘handle of sword’; L. pāl f. ‘arrangement in line’; P.
pāl, °lī f. ‘line, row, series’; Ku. pāl ‘covering of a roof’;
N. pāri ‘border, hem’, pāli ‘lower edge of thatched
roof’, pāro ‘beat in music’; A. pāri ‘line of teeth, em-
broidered border’; B. pāṛi, pāiṛ ‘edge, border, one of
side pieces of thatched roof’, pāli ‘edge, border’; Or.
pāṛ ‘border of cloth, high bank of a tank’, pāeṛ (Sam-
bhalpur pāer) ‘small embankment, ridge of a field’,
pāḷi ‘turn’; Bi. pārī ‘field’; Mth. pāṛhi, °ṛhiā ‘edge,
margin, coloured edge of cloth’; H. pāṛ m. ‘edge of
cloth’, pāṛā m. ‘boundary of field’, pāl f. ‘raised bank,
dam, causeway’, pālā m. ‘heap of earth to separate two
sides in the game kabaḍḍī’, (EH.?) pārī f. ‘time, turn’
(→ Ku. pārī); G. pāṛɔ m. ‘column in multiplication’,
pāḷi
f. ‘edge, parapet’, pāḷī f. ‘turn’; M. pāḍā m.
‘column in multiplication’, pāḷ f. ‘edge, parapet’, pāḷī f.
‘encircling line, turn’; Ko. pāḷi ‘turn, chance’; Si. peḷa
‘row, line, text (as opposed to commentary)’, paḷi
‘revenge’, pella ‘turn’ (< *peḷya—?).
In the languages which do not distinguish MIA. —āl-
or —āḷ— from —all— the words may, but less prob., repre-
sent MIA. *pallaya— < paryaya—: Gy. wel. på̄lē ‘back,
in return’; Ku. pālo, °lī ‘turn, time, rotation’, N. pālo,
°li, A. pāl, B. H. pālā.
*agrapāli—, aṅkapāli—, *daṇḍapāli—.
Addenda: *pāḍi—: S.kcch. pār f. ‘border, bank’, WPah.J. pāḷi f.
‘turn’; Garh. pāḷ ‘wall’ rather than < pālá—?
†;dantapāli—.
8042 *pāḍḍa— ‘young of buffalo or goat’, paḍḍika— m. ‘calf’
lex. 2. *pēḍḍa—. [Cf. *kaḍḍa— and *paṣṭha—. — Prob.
← Drav. DED 3208]
1. Pk. paḍḍaya— m. ‘buffalo’, °ḍī— f. ‘cow or buffalo
that has calved once’, °ḍiyā— f. ‘id., small buffalo cow’,
pāḍī— f. ‘young buffalo’, paḍḍacchī— f. ‘buffalo cow’;
Paš.dar. nir. pāṛek f., weg. pāyaṛék ‘goat’; S. pāḍ̱o m.
‘buffalo calf’; Ku. pāṛo ‘wild goat, fawn’; N. pāṛo m.,
°ṛi f. ‘buffalo calf’, Bi. pāṛā m., °ṛī f., H. pā̆ṛā, paṛūā,
pãṛwā m., pāṛhī, paṛiyā f., G. pāḍɔ m., °ḍī f., °ḍũ n.;
OM. pāḍasa n. ‘fawn’ (< *paḍḍaccha—?), M. pāḍā m.,
°ḍī f. ‘buffalo calf’, pāḍẽ n. ‘calf of a cow’.
2. Pk. peḍḍa— m., °ḍā— f. ‘buffalo’; A. perā ‘stout male
buffalo’, perī ‘buffalo cow’; Or. peṛā ‘young buffalo’.
*pāḍḍarūpa—.
8044 *pāḍhaka— ‘a spotted deer’. [MIA. (amg.) < *pārṣṭaka-
~ *pr̥ṣṭa—2 ‘spotted’: very doubtful]
S. phāṛho m. ‘hogdeer or Cervus porcinus’, L.
pāhṛā m., °ṛī f., P. pāṛhā m.; H. pāṛhā m. ‘spotted
antelope, hogdeer’.
8046 *pāṇikā— ‘spoon’. [pāṇí—?]
Pa. pāṇikā— f. ‘a sort of spoon’; — Ku. paṇyũ ‘a
spoon to stir rice—water with’; N. paniũ, puniũ ‘ladle to
stir rice’; G. paḷī f. ‘ladle, dipper’, paḷɔ m. ‘large ladle’:
phonet., but not semant., rather < praṇītā—.
8050 *pāṇḍaśa— ‘yellowish’. [~ pā́ṇḍara—: cf. *dhūmaśa-
~ dhūmara—. — pāṇḍú—]
Wg. pr̃ä̃sƏ ‘grey’.
8141 *pāhāḍa— ‘rock, hill’. [Despite EWA ii 266 prob. con-
nected with pāṣı̄́—, pāṣāṇá—]
K. pahār m. ‘mountain’, L. P. Ku. pahāṛ m.; N.
paharo ‘rock, cliff’ (pahāṛ ‘mountain’ ← H.); B. pāhāṛ
‘hill, steep bank’; Or. pāhāṛa ‘hill’; Mth. H. G. pahāṛ
m., M. pahāḍ m.
pi prefix = ápi: *pikāla—, *pikṣōṭayati, *pikṣōbha-
yati, *pijānāti, pidadhāti, pidhāna—, pinaddha—,
*pinahati, pināsa—, *pibandhati, *pivr̥ddha—, pihita—.
Addenda: *pāhāḍa—: WPah.kṭg. pā́ṛ m. ‘mountain, hill’, pā́ṛi
‘mountainous’, m. ‘mountaineer’, f. ‘language of
mountaineers’; Garh. pāṛ ‘mountain’; — WPah.poet.
pwāṛ m. ‘hill, mountain’ (< †;*utpāhāḍa—?).
†;*utpāhāḍa—.
pi prefix: †;*pibandha—, †;*pibandhita—.
8144 *pikkā— ‘saliva’.
S. pika f. ‘spittle’; P. pīk f. ‘spittle spat out when
chewing betel’; A. pik ‘juice of betel nut chewed and
spat out, spittle’; B. pik ‘spittle’; Or. pika ‘betel-
stained saliva’; Mth. pik—dānī ‘spittoon’; H. pīk f.
‘juice of betel—nut spat out’; G. pik f. ‘do., saliva’; M.
pı̃k, pı̃kī, pikī f. ‘spittle (esp. when chewing tobacco,
betel, &c.)’, pīk n. ‘spittle’.
8150 *piccikā— ‘mucus in the eyes’. [Cf. piccaṭa— m.
‘ophthalmia’, piñjaṭa— m. ‘excretion from the eyes’ lex.
which are ← Drav. T. Burrow BSOAS xii 384]
S. picī f. ‘mucus in the eyes’, picyaru m. ‘one from
whose eyes mucus exudes’.
Addenda: *piccikā—: Ko. piċċaḍa ‘secretion from eye’.
8159 *piñjati ‘cards cotton’. [Cf. piñjáyati ‘strikes’ Dhātup.
— piñjā—]
Pk. piṁjaï ‘cards cotton’, S. piñaṇu, L. piñjaṇ, awāṇ.
piñjuṇ, P. piñjṇā, pãjāuṇā, B. pı̃jā, pẽjā, Or. piñjibā, H.
pı̄̃jnā, G. pı̄̃jvũ, M. pı̃j̈ṇẽ. — ← NW. piññ—: EP. pinnanā,
H. pīnnā (whence pinnā ‘to be carded’).
8195 *pidda— ‘a small bird’. [Cf. pidvá— m. ‘some kind of
animal’ VS.?]
L. (Ju.) piddī f. ‘tom—tit, robin, honeysucker’; P.
piddā m., °dī f., pidṛā m., °ṛī f. ‘a kind of small bird,
tom—tit’; H. pīdṛī f. ‘tom—tit’.
pidvá— see prec.
8202 *pippa—
1 ‘pipe (for playing), mouthpiece’. [Onom.?]
L. pīpī f. ‘reed of a pipe’; P. pīpnī f. ‘fife’; N. pipri
‘mouthpiece of a flute’; G. pīpī, pīpuṛī f. ‘pipe, mouth-
piece’; M. pı̃pāṇī, °poṇī, °pārī f. ‘mouthpiece of a wind
instrument’.
8203 *pippa—
2 ‘fly’.
Pk. pippaya— m. ‘mosquito’ (cf. pippaḍā— s.v. pipīlá—);
N. pipso ‘fly, small child’, piuso ‘small insect which
worries cattle’.
8212 *pira— ‘sharp, pungent’.
Ku. piro ‘irritating’, pirpiro ‘angry—looking’; N. piro
‘sharp, pungent’, pirpirāunu ‘to tingle’; A. pirpirāiba ‘to
irritate, tickle slightly’; M. pirakṇẽ ‘to have a sudden
and scanty stool’.
Addenda: *pira—: cf. WPah.J. pirprā ‘bitter’.
†;*piratara—.
8214 *pilla— ‘small, child, young of animal’, pillika— m.
‘chicken’ Mānas. [← Drav. Tam. piḷḷai DED 3449,
LM 368]
Pa. pillaka— m. ‘young of animal, child’; Pk. pilha— n.
‘fledgeling’, pīlua—, pella—, °aga— m. ‘child’; B. pil ‘young
of animal’, cāliyā—pilā, cele—pile ‘children’; Or. pila
‘small tubers coming from root of plaintain’, pilā
‘small’, sb. ‘child’; Bhoj. pillā ‘puppy’, Aw.lakh.
pilawā, H. pillā m.; G. pīlɔ m. ‘sprout, shoot’; M. pīl,
pilẽ, °lū̃, pillū̃, pilkū̃ n., pilā, pilvā m. ‘young of animal’;
Si. pilavā, pillā ‘young of animal, maggot’.
*vaṁśapillaka—.
pillika— see prec.
*pivanī—, *pivarī— ‘ball of cotton’ see *pūna—.
Addenda: *pilla—1: S.kcch. pill m. ‘a partic. kind of very small
berry’.
8236 *
pītsa— ‘pine’. [Cf.
pı̄́tudāru— n. ‘deodar’ NTS ii 271
and Lat.
pīnus (< *
pitsnu—) &c. IEW 794]
Shum. —
wič in
l
yēwič ‘pine’, but prob. with Kaf.
words for ‘pine’ < *
pōśī— q.v.
*
pīthala— ‘yellow’ see
pītala—
1.
8246 *pukkār— ‘shout’. [Onom.: cf. pūtkarōti ‘makes a
noise of loud breathing’ Pañcat.]
Pk. pukkā̆rēi, pokkārēi, pokkaraï ‘shouts’, pukkāra—,
pok° m. ‘shout’ (pukkaï, pok° ‘shouts’, pukkā— f.), S.
pukāraṇu, pukāro m., P. pukārnā, pukār f., Ku. pukār,
N. pukārnu, OAw. pukāraï, pukārā m., H. pukārnā;
OMarw. pukāra f. ‘complaint’; G. pukārvũ, pok° ‘to
shout’, pokār m. ‘loud noise’, M. pukārṇẽ, pukārā m.
8248 *pucca— ‘vulva’. [See list s.v. pūta—2]
M. puccī f. ‘pudendum muliebre’.
Addenda: *pucca—: cf. H. pūc ‘worthless’? — deriv. OP.
pocāraṇu ‘to caress’, P. H. puckārnā.
8256 *puṭṭa—
2 ‘small, dwarfish’, puṭṭáyati ‘is or becomes
small’ Dhātup. [With T. Burrow BSOAS xii 385 ←
Drav. (Kan. Tu. puṭṭa ‘small, dwarfish’ etc. DED
3498)]
N. puṭṭa ‘chubby’; — ext. with —kk— in N. puṛko
‘dwarf’.
puṭṭáyati see prec.
*puḍa—, *puṇḍa— ‘lump’ see *pēḍa—.
8264 *putta—
2 ‘insect’, puttikā— f. ‘white ant’ Mn. (San-
skritized as putra—2 m. ‘small animal’ Car., putraka—2 m.
‘id.’ Suśr., ‘grasshopper’ lex.). 2. *puttala—
2, putta-
likā—2 f. ‘fly’ Yaśast.com. [Like (pipīlika—)puṭa— n.
‘anthill’ MBh., ← Drav. T. Burrow TPS 1945, 111,
EWA ii 304 (Tam. puṛṛu, Kan. puttu, Tel. puṭṭa, Prj.
putkal ‘white ant hill’: DED 3556)]
1. Ku. dhan—putā ‘winged ants’; N. putko ‘a kind of
small bee’.
2. Ku. putalo m., pur—putalī f. ‘butterfly’, dhan-
putalī f. ‘winged ant’; N. putali ‘butterfly’.
puttala—
1 ‘puppet’ see *putrala—.
*puttala—
2 ‘insect’ see *putta—2.
puttalikā1— ‘puppet’ see *putrala—.
puttalikā—
2 ‘fly’ see *putta—2.
puttikā—
1 ‘puppet’ see *putrala—.
puttikā—
2 ‘white ant’ see *putta—2.
8298 *puśśī— ‘cat’. [Onom., cf. Psht. pišō, Pers. pušek, Eng.
puss]
Ash. pisä̃́s, Wg. pisā̃́, Kt. pšäs f., Pr. pšigī, Dm. pū̃ši,
Paš.ar. pisā̃so, kuṛ. pisō̃́sō, lagh. pišū́ndak (—ṇḍ—? -
X uṇḍar s.v. undura— IIFL iii 3, 148), Gaw. pšǟ̃šī, Kho.
pušī, Bshk. pišı̄́r, Tor. pīš, Kand. púši, Sv, piši, Phal.
púšī, Sh.pales. púšo, (Lor.) būši f., S. phūsī, phūsnī f.,
Or. pusi; H. pus pus ‘affectionate call for a cat’. — X
mūṣa—1 q.v.
PUṢ ‘nourish’: puṣṭá—, púṣṭi—, púṣyati, pṓṣa—,
pōṣaṇa—, pōṣáyati, pōṣita—, *pōṣiya—, pṓṣya—; *ati-
puṣṭa—, *prapuṣṭa—, prápuṣyati, *vipuṣṭa—; — puṣ-
kara—, puṣkalá—, púṣpa—, púṣya—1?
8310 *pusati ‘leaves, is left’. 2. Pp. *pusta—
1 whence
pustayati ‘*makes disappear, diminishes’ (‘disrespects’
Dhātup.). [pōsayati
1 ‘decreases’ Apte (cf. IE. *paus-
IEW 790). But pōsáyati
2 ‘emits’ Dhātup. (to which
NTS xiii 232 refers these words) is MIA. < *prōṣayati
(: pruṣyati
1 ‘sprinkles’), Pa. pōsituṁ ‘to sprinkle’ (cf.
Pk. pōsa— m. ‘anus, penis’, pōsaṇa— n. ‘anus’ < *prōṣa—,
prōṣaṇa—). — For forms of Dm. Gaw. Phal. cf. also
*phuss—1. — √pus]
1. Ash. pƏs— (pret. pusóu) ‘to lose’, Wg. pus—, püsā—;
Pr. ps— (pċ—?) ‘to leave behind, lose (?)’; Paš. pƏs— ‘to
hide’; Woṭ. pusā́— ‘to lose’, Gaw. phusa—; Phal. phus-
‘to make disappear’.
2. Ash. pus ‘lost’, Wg. püs, Kt. pyüs, pīs; Paš.kuṛ. pus
‘disappeared, hidden’; Dm. Gaw. phus ‘lost’.
*pusta—
1 ‘lost’ see prec.
pusta—
2 n. ‘working in clay’ see pōta—2.
pustaka— see *pōstaka—.
8326 *pūna— ‘bundle, roll (esp. of cotton)’. 2. *pōna—2.
3. *pivanī—. 4. *pivarī—. [Cf. pūṇáyati ‘collects’
Dhātup. Prob. conn. with piñjā—, pañji— and poss.
puñja—. — Scarcely *pūna— ‘cleaned (i.e. carded)’ ~
pūtá—1]
1. Pk. pūṇī—, °ṇiā— f. ‘roll of cotton’, S. L. pūṇī f.
(→ Psht. pūṇaī rather than with NTS xii 284 < *pāš(m)-
nakī—), P. pūṇ, pūṇī f.; Ku. puṇo, °ṇi f. ‘bundle, ball’; H.
pūnī f. ‘roll of cotton’, G. pūṇī f.
2. Pk. pōṇiā— f. ‘spindle full of thread’; WPah.bhal.
poṇo m. ‘bundle of maize with ears cut off’, poṇi, pl.
pūṇī f. ‘roll of cotton for spinning’, H. ponī f.
3. Bi. peunī ‘roll of cotton’.
4. N. piuri ‘roll of cotton or wool after carding’; Mth.
pīr ‘roll of cotton’.
8327 *pūni— ‘pus’. [Cf. pū́ti— and pūyana— n. ‘pus’ lex.
— √pūy]
L. pūn f. ‘pus’ (n?).
pūpa— see apūpá—.
*pakvapūpaḍa—.
pūpalā— see apūpá—.
PŪY ‘stink’: pū́ti—, pūtika—, *pūni—, pū́ya—, pūyana—,
*pautya—; *paripūya—, *prapūya—.
8329 *
pūr—, or *
pavara— ‘fire’. [Cf.
paví— ‘fire’,
pavana—
3 n.
‘potter's kiln’,
pāvana— m. ‘fire’ lex.,
pāvaká— (metr.
pavāká—) ‘bright’, m. ‘Agni’ RV. — Gk.
pu=r, &c.]
Wg.
puř,
purǘi ‘embers’ NTS xviii 289 with (?); Paš.
lauṛ.
pūr ‘big fire, bonfire’, ar.
puer, dar.
pōr (IIFL iii 3,
146 < *
paura— or *
pāvara—); Shum.
pōr ‘burning
embers’.
8350 *pūliya— ‘rotten’. [Cf. pū́lya— n. ‘shrivelled grain’
AV., pulāka—2 m. ‘shrivelled or bad grain’ Mn., Pa.
pulaka— m. ‘a shrivelled grain’, Pk. pulāga—, °āya— m.n.
‘poor tasteless food consisting of chick—peas and dry
grain’. — If not of IE. origin (Lith. pū́liai ‘pus’, &c.
EWA ii 326), then poss. conn. with words for ‘hollow’
s.v. *pōḍa—]
Kho. púli ‘rotten, addled’ BelvalkarVol 94, (Lor.)
pulik ‘to become addled or rotten or crumbly or worn
out (as egg, stone, wood, clothes), be lost (as a sum
owed)’. — Or < prálīyatē?
pū́lya— see prec.
PR̥ ‘cross’: *partana—, pārá—, pāraṇa—, pā́riya—;
*atipāra—, níṣparati, níṣpārayati, *viyāpāra—, *viyā-
pr̥ta—, *vyāparati, vyāpāra—, vyāpārayati, *vyāpr̥ta—,
supārá—. — Perh. rather from √pr̥̄: pāráyati1, pāla—,
pālana—, pāláyati, na pārayati, *nipārayati, saṁ-
pārayati.
8376 *
pēṭṭa—
2 ‘belly’. 2. *
pēḍḍuka—. 3. *
pōṭṭa—
2.
4. *
pōtta—
3. [Similar phonetic range in words for
‘basket’ (
pēṭa—, *pēṭṭa—1, *pōtta—
4) with which these
may be identical]
1. Pk.
peṭṭa—,
piṭṭa— n. ‘belly’, Gy. SEeur.
peṛ, wel.
pēr̄ m., boh. germ.
pēr, gr. rum. hung.
per m., arm.
per,
pal.
pēt, Ḍ.
pēṭ, pl.
°ṭa, K.rām. ḍoḍ.
pēṭ; S.
peṭu m.
‘belly, womb, foetus’ (whence
peṭyo m. ‘food’); P.
peṭ,
peṭṛā m. ‘belly’,
peṭ(
ṭ)
ā m. ‘tripe, guts’,
peṭ(
ṭ)
ī f.
‘girdle’; WPah.bhad. bhal.
p
e_
ṭ, pl.
°ṭã n., pāḍ.
pēṭ,
paṅ.
pēṭh ‘belly’, Ku. N. A.
peṭ; A.
peṭu ‘entrails’,
peṭi
‘girdle’; B.
peṭ ‘belly’, Or.
peṭa, Mth.
peṭ(
h), Bhoj.
Aw.lakh.
peṭ m.; H.
peṭ,
peṭā m. ‘belly’,
peṭī f. ‘girth’;
OMarw.
peṭa m. ‘belly’, G.
peṭ n.
2. P.
peḍū m. ‘lower belly’; H.
peṛū m. ‘lower belly,
pubes’; G.
peḍũ n. ‘belly below navel’.
3. Pk.
poṭṭa—,
puṭṭa— n. ‘belly’; Gy. SEeur.
poṛ
‘navel’, boh.
pora ‘intestines’, gr. it.
por m. ‘belly’,
span.
po,
poriá; P.
poṭṭā m. ‘fowl's crop’; B.
põ;ṭā
‘entrails’; Or.
puṭā,
°ṭi ‘bowels, viscera, lungs’,
poṭā
‘animal's entrails, bladder of fish’; H.
poṭā m. ‘bird's
crop’,
°ṭī f.; M.
poṭ n. ‘belly’.
4. WPah.bhal.
pɔ̄t n. ‘stomach’.
*
pēṭṭāra— ‘basket’ see
piṭaka—
1.
Addenda: *
pēṭṭa—
2. 1. WPah.kṭg. kc.
pēṭ m. ‘stomach, belly’, J.
pē'
ṭ m.; kṭg.
peṭṭi
m. ‘man with protruding belly’, f.
‘waistband’; Garh.
peṭ ‘belly’.
3.
pōṭṭa—2: WPah.kṭg. kc.
pōṭ m. ‘stomach of an
animal, protruding part of a wall, bag made of
animal's stomach’, Wkc.
poṭkro m., Garh.
poṭgu.
8377 *pēḍa— ‘lump’. 2. *pēḍha—2. 3. *pēṇḍa—. 4. *pēntha—.
5. *pēnda—. 6. *puḍa—. 7. *puṇḍa—. 8. *pōdda—.
[See píṇḍa—]
1. Pa. yaka—pēḷa— ‘liver’; Pk. pēḍa—, °aya— n. ‘collec-
tion, troop’; K. per f. ‘lump of dough’; S. peṛo m.
‘lump of clay’; L.awāṇ. P. peṛā ‘lump’; Ku. pyāṛā
m. pl. ‘balls made of inspissated milk’; B. peṛā ‘lump
of dough’; Or. peṛā ‘sweetmeat of sugar and thickened
milk’, Bi. peṛā; H. peṛ m. ‘lump’, peṛā m. ‘lump of
dough’; M. peḷū̃ n. ‘boil’; Ko. peḍ m. ‘raised bench,
hillock’.
2. Pk. pēḍha— n. ‘lump’, pēḍhāla— ‘round’.
3. Pk. peṁḍa— n. ‘lump’, B. pẽṛā ‘sort of sweetmeat’
(or < 1); Or. peṇḍā ‘cluster, calf of leg’, peṇḍi ‘small
cluster’, peṇḍu ‘ball’; H. pẽḍ m. ‘rising ground’; G.
pẽḍɔ m. ‘lump of clay, a kind of sweetmeat’; M. pẽḍ m.
‘large turf or clod, mud attached to shoes’, pẽḍā m.
‘lump of cowdung’.
4. Or. penthā, °thi ‘cluster, bunch’.
5. K. pĕnd f. ‘ball’, Si. pen̆da.
6. Pk. puḍa—, puḍḍa— m. ‘son’, puḍaïa— ‘lump—shaped’.
7. Pk. puṁḍaïa— ‘lump—shaped, globular’, poṁḍa—,
°aya— m. ‘fruit’; Ash. puṇū́ ‘kidneys’; Wg. pũř ‘spleen,
calf of leg’, pūṇī ‘calf of leg’, pū̃řīk, puṇḍrṓk ‘kidney’;
Kt. puṇú ‘kidney, calf of leg’, puṇyuk ‘swollen’; Pr.
puṇḍik ‘upper knob of an axe’, puḍo—musuk ‘calf of leg’,
puḍúk ‘bullet’, yüṇḍo—bokso ‘swollen (of a boil)’, oḍob-
igyī ‘thumb’; Tir. (Leech) "pondî" ‘calf of leg’; N. pũṛi
‘sow’ (lit. ‘having teats’?); Or. puṇḍā ‘herd of cows &c."
adj. ‘corpulent’, puṇḍukā ‘a person with stout body and
swollen cheeks’.
8. G. podḷɔ m. ‘lump of dung, indolent person’.
*pēḍḍa— ‘young buffalo’ see *pāḍḍa—.
*pēḍḍuka— ‘belly’ see *pēṭṭa—2.
pēḍha—
1 ‘stool’ see pīṭha—.
*pēḍha—
2 ‘lump’ see *pēḍa—.
Addenda: *pēḍa—1: S.kcch. peṛī f.pl. ‘offerings’, WPah.kṭg. peṛɔ
m. ‘a partic. kind of sweetmeat prepared from milk’
(poss. ← H. P. peṛā Him.I 114).
8378 *pēṇāhi— ‘pelican’.
Pa. pēṇāhi—, °ikā— f. ‘a species of bird’; S. peṇi f.
‘pelican’, L. peiṇ, pêṇ, (Ju.) pain f.
*pēṇḍa— ‘lump’ see *pēḍa—.
*pēṇḍha— ‘packet’ see *pōṭṭa—1.
*pēntha— ‘lump’ see *pēḍa—.
8379 *pēnda—
1 ‘bottom’. 2. *pōnda—. [Cf. pōta—4, °aka—,
pōṭa— m. ‘foundation of a house’ lex., pōṭī— f. ‘rectum’
PārGr̥.com. and ‘buttock’ group s.v. pūta—2]
1. P. pẽdā m., °dī f. ‘bottom’; N. pı̃d, pı̃dh, pin
‘bottom, fundament, buttocks’; A. penda ‘lower or
inner extremity of the alimentary canal or the vagina’;
Or. pendi ‘earth bulging at bottom side of a brick when
in the mould, depression at bottom of a pot, pedestal of
a cup’; Bi. pẽd(ā), °dī, penī ‘bottom of a granary’, Mth.
pẽdo; H. pẽdā m. ‘bottom’; M. pẽd n. ‘tuft of grass’,
pẽdī, pẽdhī f. ‘bottom’; Si. pen̆da ‘bird's tail’; Md. fīndu
‘hips’, fidu ‘posterior’.
2. K. põ̂du
m. ‘vulva’, pōn m. ‘anus, female parts’;
Ku. pūn, punaṛ m. ‘backside, loin, vulva’; B. põ;d ‘anus,
posterior, hips’; M. põ;d n. ‘the bottom (as of a vessel)’.
*pēnda—
2 ‘lump’ see *pēḍa—.
Addenda: *pēnda—1: Md. fin̆du ‘private parts’.
8391 *pōka— ‘hollow’. 2. *pōkkala—. 3. *pōkkhara—.
4. *pōggala—. 5. *pōṅka—1. 6. pōṅga—1. 7. *phōkka—.
8. *phōkkara—. 9. *phōṅka—. [See also *pōcca—1,
*pōḍa— (pōra—1, *pōla—, *pōlla—, *phōra—, *phōlla—),
*phōttara—, *pōppa— (*phōppha—, *phōmpha—), *phōssa—,
*bhōkka— (*bhōṅka—2, *bhōṅga—), *bhōsa—. — Prob. ←
Drav. which has similar series of words DED 3646]
1. M. poyẽ, povẽ n. ‘honeycomb in hollow of wood or
stone’.
2. G. M. pokaḷ ‘hollow’, G. pokḷī f. ‘cavity’.
3. B. phukar ‘hole’; Or. pokhara ‘cavity in tree trunk’;
M. pokhā̆r ‘hollowed, excavated’, pokhar n., pokhār(ā)
m. ‘hole, cavity’.
4. G. pogaḷ f. ‘hollowness’, pogar f. ‘a hollow,
vacuum’.
5. Ko. põ;kaṇ n. ‘a hollow grain’.
6. H. põ;gā ‘empty, hollow’.
7. Pk. phukkā ‘in vain’ Deśīn.; K. phŏka ‘hollow’, S.
phoku, P. phokā; N. phoko ‘blister, bubble’; Or.
(Bastar) phok—hā ‘useless’; H. phok, °kā ‘hollow’; OG.
phoka ‘in vain’, G. phok ‘hollow’; — S. phokaṭu ‘use-
lessly’; P. phokaṭ m. ‘dregs’; N. phokaṭo ‘unirrigated
field’; H. phokaṭ m. ‘worthless thing or person’; G.
phokaṭ, phogaṭ ‘in vain’; M. phukaṭ ‘gratis’; — Ku.
phokso ‘swollen’; N. phokso ‘lung’; — Ku. phokāṇo,
°āno m. ‘the bladder, penis’; — Mth. phokcā ‘a small
fish (whose belly, blown up by cruel boys, swells
enormously)’.
8. B. phokar ‘hole’.
9. K. phọ̆ngu
‘hollow, pithless’; H. phõ;k ‘hollow’.
Addenda: *pōka— ‘hollow’. 7. *phōkka—: WPah.J. fokā ‘empty’.
8. *phōkkara—: WPah.kṭg. phúkhrɔ ‘worthless man’.
8392 *pōkka—
1 ‘bundle, fold’. [For words of this type in
many languages see F. W. Thomas AO xiii 54]
Ku. poko ‘thigh, loins, back, rectum’; N. poko ‘re-
ceptacle made by doubling up a handkerchief or the
slack of a dhoti’; A. pokaṛ ‘buttock, posterior, back,
anus’.
8393 *pōkka—
2 ‘worm, grub’. [Cf. pulaka— m. ‘kind of
insect or vermin’ lex. and similar phonet. relationship
in jalūkā— ~ *jōkkā—]
A. pok ‘worm’; B. pokā ‘insect, worm’; Or. poka
‘insect, worm, maggot, moth’, pokaṛā ‘worm—eaten’;
H. pokā, põ;kā m. ‘caterpillar, worm, wood—worm; -
big flying insect on plants (= bõ;kā m.)’.
*pōkkala—, *pōkkhara— ‘hollow’ see *pōka—.
pōganḍa—, *pōgga— ‘young’ see *pōṅga—2.
*pōggala—, *pōṅka— ‘hollow’ see *pōka—.
*pōṅka—
2 ‘young’ see *pōṅga—2.
*pōṅga—
1 ‘hollow’ see *pōka—.
8394 *pōṅga—
2 ‘young of animal or plant’. 2. *pōgga—.
3. *pōṅka—
2. [Cf. pōgaṇḍa—, paugaṇḍa— ‘not fully
grown, deformed’, m. ‘boy’ BhP., Pk. pōaṁḍa— m.
‘eunuch’. — Belongs to the group of pṓta—1]
1. H. pū̃gṛā m. ‘boy’; M. põ;gā m. ‘young snake,
shoot’, põ;gḍā m. ‘stripling’, põ;gḍī f. ‘girl’.
2. P. poggā m. ‘tender branch’ (rather than <
prōdgata—).
3. B. põ;k ‘young shoot of coconut’.
8395 *pōcca—
1 ‘hollow’. [See list s.v. *pōka—]
Pk. pocca— ‘very soft’, poccaḍa—, puc° ‘sapless, worth-
less, dirty’; WPah.jaun. pōcrō ‘hollow’; G. poc f. ‘un-
husked rice which is soft and has no grains in it’, pocũ
‘soft, feeble’.
*pōcca—
2 ‘cloth’ see pōta—2.
pōṭa— see *pēnda—1.
pōṭī— see pūta—2 and *pēnda—1.
Addenda: *pōcca—1: S.kcch. poco ‘hollow, tender’.
*pōṭṭa—
2 ‘belly’ see *pēṭṭa—2 Add2.
8396 *pōṭṭa—
1 ‘bundle’. 2. pōṭṭala— n., °lī— f. lex., °laka— n.,
pōṭala— m. Car. 3. *pēṇḍha—. [Cf. puṭa—]
1. Pk. poṭṭa— n. ‘bundle’; S. poṭiṛī f. ‘bag, satchel’;
P. poṭ f. ‘bag, load’; N. poṭi ‘bulb (e.g. of garlic)’,
poṭinu ‘(ears) to be filled with grain’, poṭilo ‘filled with
grain (of an ear)’; H. poṭ f. ‘bundle, bale’; G. poṭ
‘bundle’, poṭkũ n. ‘packet’.
2. Pk. poṭṭala— n., °liyā— f., puṭṭala—, °laya— m.n.,
°liyā— f. ‘bundle’ (whence poṭṭaliya— m. ‘porter’); P.
poṭlī f. ‘small bag’; B. põ;ṭlā, pũṭal, °ṭuli ‘bundle’, Or.
poṭaḷā̆, °ḷi, H. poṭlā m., °lī f. ‘small do.’, G. poṭlɔ m.,
°lī f., °lũ n.; M. poṭḷā m., °ḷī f. ‘bundle of stuff’.
3. M. pẽḍhī f. ‘packet’.
*pōṭṭa—
2 ‘belly’ see *pēṭṭa—2.
*pōṭṭa—
3 ‘young’ see pṓta—1.
pōṭṭala— see *pōṭṭa—1.
8397 *
pōḍ— ‘burn’. [Cf.
pauli— and Pk.
paü(
l)
laï ‘cooks’,
paüliya— ‘cooked, burnt’,
appaüliya—,
appōli— ‘uncooked
fruit cake’: S. K. Chatterji ZII ix 40 wrongly connects
with Gk.
pu=r, &c.]
Kho. (Lor.)
pūlik ‘to be burnt’,
p
*l
leik ‘to burn’,
(LSI)
pulī ‘having burnt’; N.
polnu ‘to burn, bake,
cook’; OA.
poliba ‘to burn’, A.
poriba; B.
poṛā,
puṛā ‘to
burn, be burnt’, caus.
puṛāna; Or.
poṛibā,
puṛ° ‘to set
fire to, heat, burn, be afflicted with grief’, caus.
poṛāibā,
puṛeibā; M.
poḷṇẽ ‘to burn’.
*
āpōḍ—.
Addenda: *
pōḍ—: Kho.
pāleik ‘to burn (tr.)’ BKhoT 71.
8398 *pōḍa— ‘hollow’. 2. *pōra—
1. 3. *pōla—. 4. *pōlla—.
5. *phōra—. 6. *phōlla—. [Cf. Pa. pōṭa— ‘bubble’. -
See also list s.v. *pōka—; — poss. conn. with *pūliya—]
1. Ku. nak—poṛ ‘nostril’; N. poro ‘small hole’ (or
< 2); G. poṛũ n. ‘thin scaly crust’ (semant. cf. *pōppa—);
M. poḷ, °ḷẽ n. ‘honeycomb’ (or < 3: semant. cf. *pōka—).
2. S. poru m. ‘cavity’, poro m. ‘hollow’ (or < 3); P.
por f. ‘hollow bamboo’ (or < *pōra—2); N. see 1.
3. S. see 2; L. polā ‘hollow, porous, loose (of soil)’;
M. see 1.
4. Pk. polla—, °aḍa—, pulla— ‘hollow’; P. pollā ‘hollow’,
pol m., pulāī f. ‘hollowness’; Or. pola ‘hollow’, sb.
‘puffed—up pastry’, polā ‘empty’; G. poli
f. ‘cavity’,
polũ, polrũ ‘hollow’, polāṇ n. ‘hollowness’; M. pol n.
‘empty tube or grain’, polā ‘hollow’; — altern. < 3:
Woṭ. pōl, f. pyēl ‘light (in weight)’; Gaw. pōlá, f. pōlī
‘small’; K. pọ̆lu
‘weak’, pŏluru
‘plump but unsubstantial’;
Ku. polo ‘hollow, weak’, m. ‘beehive’ (l or ḷ?); N. pol,
pwāl ‘hole’, polo, pwālo ‘beehive’; A. pola—kaṭā ‘burglar’;
B. polo ‘basket open at both ends for catching fish’; H.
pol f. ‘hollowness’, polā ‘hollow, empty, flabby’.
5. B. Or. phorā ‘hollow’.
6. P. pholuṛ m. ‘chaff’; H. pholā m. ‘blister’; G.
pholvũ ‘to husk’; M. phol n. ‘hollow grain’.
Addenda: *pōḍa— ‘hollow’. [~ Drav. DED 3726]
4. *pōlla—: WPah.kṭg. pollɔ ‘hollow’, J. polā.
8403 *pōttī— ‘glass bead’.
Pk. pottī— f. ‘glass’; S. pūti f. ‘glass bead’, P. pot f.;
N. pote ‘long straight bar of jewelry’; B. pot ‘glass
bead’, puti, pũti ‘small bead’; Or. puti ‘necklace of
small glass beads’; H. pot m. ‘glass bead’, G. M. pot f.;
— Bi. pot ‘jeweller's polishing stone’ rather than
< pōtrá—1.
*pōttha—
1 ‘young’ see pṓta—1.
*pōttha—
2 ‘cloth’ see pōta—2.
*pōttha—
3 ‘bundle’ see piṭaka—1.
8405 *pōppa— ‘hollow’. 2. *phōppha—. 3. *phōmpha—.
[See list s.v. *pōka—]
1. P. H. poplā ‘toothless’; — Or. poparā ‘hollow,
worn out’; — G. popṛũ, n., °ṛī f., °ṛɔ m., popcũ n. ‘de-
tached scaly crust’ (semant. cf. *pōḍa—), popṭɔ m. ‘pod’,
poplā̃ n. pl. ‘vain struggles’.
2. S. phopho ‘hollow’; M. phopā m. ‘puffed out or
flabby person’; — B. phopar ‘hollow’; Or. phoparā ‘full
of holes, decayed, spongy’, (Sambhalpur) phuphlā
‘toothless’.
3. B. phõ;parā ‘hollow’; H. phõ;phī f. ‘hollow reed,
pipe’, phõ;phar ‘hollow’.
*pōra—
1 ‘hollow’ see *pōḍa—.
Addenda: *pōppa—. 2. *phōppha—: A. phopolā ‘hollow’ AFD 212.
*pōlla— ‘hollow’ see *pōḍa— Add2.
8406 *
pōra—
2 ‘joint’. [Cf.
śata—pōra(
ka)— n. ‘species of sugar-
cane’ Suśr.,
nīla—pōra—, —
paura— m. lex. — Connexion.
with
párvan— (through *
parvara— as Gk.
pei=rar ~ gen.
pei/ratos) very doubtful]
Pk.
pōra— n.m. ‘knot’,
pōraga— n.m. ‘a sort of plant
with knots’; P.
por f. ‘hollow bamboo for drilling seed’
(or < *
pōra—
1 s.v. *
pōḍa—),
porā m. ‘joint of bamboo’;
Ku.
por,
porī ‘knot or joint of bamboo’; H.
por f.
‘space between two joints’,
porā m. ‘beam’,
poruā m.
‘knuckle’; Si.
puruka ‘knot or joint of bamboo, knob,
link’. — M.
per n. ‘joint, articulation’?
*
pōla— ‘hollow’ see *
pōḍa—.
pōlī— see
pauli—.
*
pōlla— ‘hollow’ see *
pōḍa—.
8407 *
pōśī— ‘pine’. [Cf. Gk.
peu/kh f. ‘pine’, Lith.
pušìs,
OPruss.
peuse NTS xiii 229]
Ash.
piċ—kandƏ ‘pine’, Kt.
pṳ̄ċi,
piċi, Wg.
puċ,
püċ
(
pṳ̄ċ—kƏŕ ‘pine—cone’), Pr.
wyoċ, Shum.
l
yēwič (
l
yē—?).
— In Shum.
ts >
č, and earlier for the forms with
i
NTS ii 271 suggested *
pītsa—, but they are scarcely to be
separated.
8534 *pratañcā— ‘bowstring’. [Cf. patañcikā— f. ‘id.’ lex.,
pratyañcā— f. HŚS 2230, pataṅgikā— f. Apte. — Prob.
of non—Aryan origin]
Pk. paḍaṁcā—, paḍaṁsuā— f. ‘bowstring’; N. parı̃jo
‘pocket between strings of pellet—bow to hold shot
when being fired, forked stick of a sling’ (rather than
with ND 365 b 34 < *pratijya— ‘near the bowstring’).
9034 *phakk—
1 ‘toss food into the mouth’.
Paš.lauṛ. gul. pak— ‘to eat (mulberries, grain and
similar things)’, Shum. pheki—; S. phakaṇu ‘to jerk into
mouth (when eating from hand)’, phaku m. ‘handful so
eaten’, °kī f. ‘dose of powdered medicine’; L. phakkā m.
‘mouthful’; P. phakkṇā ‘to toss food into mouth’,
phakkā m. ‘quantity so thrown’, N. phakyāunu, phā̃k,
°ko; Mth. phakā ‘act of so eating’; H. phā̃knā ‘to jerk
any dry food into mouth’, phāk, phā̃k m. ‘as much as
can be so eaten, bit, piece’, phā̃kī f. ‘mouthful of dry
grain &c.’; G. phākvũ ‘so to eat’, phākɔ m. ‘mouthful’,
M. phākṇẽ, phā̃k°, phākā, phā̃kā m.
Addenda: *phakk—1: WPah.kṭg. phákkɔ m. ‘handful of eatables
(e.g. grain)’, J. fākā m. ‘handful of roasted grain’.
9035 *phakk—
2 ‘deceive’. 2. phakkikā— f. ‘proposition’
Naiṣ., ‘(in logic) statement to be refuted, sophism,
fraud’ lex. [Cf. phakkati ‘propounds a statement to be
refuted’ Dhātup., ‘acts wrongly’ lex. — Similar mean-
ings in *phaṭ—2]
1. K. phakun ‘to state one's poverty as inability to
give’; S. phakiṛī f. ‘altercation’; P. phakkaṛ, °ṛī f.
‘abuse’; WPah.jaun. phākūṇõmacr; ‘to dispute’; N. phakāunu
‘to flatter, seduce’; A. phākaṭi ‘deception’; B. phakā ‘to
be disappointed’, phakkaṛ ‘hoaxer’; Or phakaṛi ‘fraud’;
H. phakkaṛ m. ‘abuse’, phā̃kṛā m. ‘vain boaster’ (→ P.
phā̃kṛā m.); G. phā̃kɔ m. ‘pretension’, phagvũ ‘to be
misled’ (X ṭhagvũ s.v. *ṭhagg—?); M. phākaḍ ‘flashy’.
2. Pk. phakkiyā— f. ‘passage in a text hard to inter-
pret’; WPah. (Joshi) fākī f. ‘complaint’; A. phāki
‘deception, trick’, B. Or. phā̃ki; H. phā̃kī f. ‘objection
(in logic), trick, fraud’; M. phā̃kī f. ‘proposition, sen-
tence’.
9036 *phakk—
3 ‘open’.
P. phakkṇā ‘to squander’; N. phakranu intr. ‘to open
(of flowers)’, phaklā̃se ‘spendthrift’; B. phā̃k ‘opening’;
H. phā̃knā ‘to open’; M. phākṇẽ, phākaṭṇẽ ‘to open
wide’.
9038 *
phaṭ—
1 ‘sudden movement’. 2. *
phaṭṭ—1. [Cf.
pháṭ
interj. ‘crack!’ AV. —
spháṭati ‘breaks, tears’ Dhātup.
prob. hyper—sk. for
ph—]
1. Ash.
paṛakǟ́ı̃ ‘lightning, flicker’ NTS ii 274; S.
phaṛphaṛi f. ‘flapping’,
phaṛkaṇu ‘to tremble, flutter,
throb’; P.
phaṛphaṛāuṇā ‘to move convulsively’; B.
phaṛ ‘flapping, explosion’,
phaṛphaṛ ‘flapping’; Or.
phaṛaphaṛa ‘sound of flapping, fluttering, tearing’; H.
phaṛphaṛānā ‘to move convulsively’; G.
phaṛ m. ‘bang’,
phaṛphaṛvũ ‘to flutter’, M.
phaḍphaḍṇẽ; — altern. <
*
spharati: N.
pharpharāunu ‘to twitch, flutter, flap’; A.
pharpharāiba ‘to tingle’; OAw.
pharakaï ‘throbs’, Mth.
pharkab.
2. S.
phaṭaṇu ‘to wound’,
phaṭāko m. ‘cracker’; P.
phāṭṭṇā ‘to beat’,
phaṭakṇā ‘to winnow’,
phaṭkārṇā ‘to
shake’; Ku.
phaṭakṇo ‘to winnow, fan’,
phaṭkoṇo ‘to
‘beat’, gng.
ph
*l
ṭk
*l_
ṛ̃ ‘winnowing’; N.
phaṛkanu ‘to jump
about, winnow’,
phaṛkārnu ‘to shake’,
phaṭphaṭāunu ‘to
flap about’; A.
phaṭphaṭīyā ‘shining’,
phaṭkā ‘cracker’;
B.
phaṭkā ‘speckled’; Or.
phaṭakā ‘fireworks’; H.
phaṭphaṭānā ‘to flap about’,
phaṭaknā ‘to winnow’,
phaṭkārnā ‘to beat clothes’; G.
phaṭak f. ‘throbbing’,
phaṭakvũ ‘to beat’,
phaṭkārvũ ‘to slash’; M.
phāṭṇẽ ‘to
wander wildly’,
phaṭakṇẽ ‘to winnow, fan’,
phaṭkārṇẽ
‘to slash’.
Addenda: *
phaṭ—
1. 1. WPah.kṭg.
phƏṛakṇõ; ‘to separate grain
from impurities with a
bhɔ̀ṭṭi
, to remove dust’.
2. *
phaṭṭ—1: WPah.kṭg.
phɔ́ṭṭa—phɔ́ṭṭa ‘quickly’,
poet.
phƏṭkāṇo ‘to throw, fling’.
9039 *phaṭ—
2 ‘cheat’. 2. *phaṭṭ—2. [Cf. phaṭā ‘a cheat’ lex.
(← NIA. cf. B. below?) and similar meanings s.v.
*phakk—2; sphaṇṭayati, sphiṇ°, sphuṇ° ‘mocks’ Dhātup.]
1. K. phar m. ‘cock and bull story’, phoru
m. ‘ridicule’,
pharun ‘secretly to help oneself to the results of
another's success’.
2. N. phaṭṭi ‘liar, funny’, phaṭāhā ‘exaggerater’,
phaṭphaṭinu ‘to plead poverty when help is asked’; B.
phaṭ, phaṭā ‘cheat’; M. phaṭaviṇẽ ‘to cheat’.
*phaṭṭagāna—.
Addenda: *phaṭ—
2. 2. *phaṭṭ—: Ko. phaṭṭi ‘false’, phaṭiṅgu ‘a
cheat’.
*phaṭṭ—
1 see *phaṭ—1 Add2.
9041 *phaṭṭagāna— ‘joking song’. [*phaṭṭ—2, gāna—]
G. phaṭāṇũ n. ‘song full of joking’.
PHAṆ
1 ‘spring’: pháṇati1, phāṇayati
1.
*PHAṆ
2 ‘swell, rise, boil’: phaṇá—2, *phaṇati,
phāṇayati2, phāṇita—; *utphaṇati, *utphāṇa—, *ut-
phāṇayati.
9045 *phaṇati
2 ‘swells, rises, boils’. [Cf. phaṇá—2, phḗna—,
phēṇa— ‘froth’; phaṇa—1, *phēṇa—2, phēna—2, phaṭa-
‘expanded hood’, phāṇḍin— ‘name of serpent demon’
lex.; perh. also phāṇayati
2, phāṇṭá— s.v. phāṇita—;
PMWS 163 associates phā̆ṇḍa— ‘belly’ with phaṭa—. -
√*phaṇ
2]
P. phaṇphaṇāuṇā ‘to foam, boil, raise the hood (of
cobra)’, phaṇakṇā ‘to rise’; N. phanphaninu ‘to show
anger by movement’, phankanu ‘to rise uncere-
moniously, get angry’; Or. phaṇaphaṇa ‘slightly
swollen’; G. phaṇakvũ ‘to rise’; M. phaṇphaṇṇẽ ‘to be
in a glow (from anger &c.)’, phaṇkā m. ‘fit of anger’.
*phaṭṭiṅga—, phaḍiṅgā— see pataṅgá—.
9047 *phaṇṭa— ‘barren’. [Cf. baṇḍá— and list of ‘defective’
words s.v. phakka—]
S. phaṇḍī f. adj. ‘barren, having ceased bearing’; L.
phaṇḍar, °ḍir f. ‘an old cow or buffalo which has ceased
calving or giving milk’; P. phaṇḍar ‘barren (of animals)’;
— poss. Dm. phaṇḍa ‘anus, vulva’ (semant. cf. similar
meanings in baṇḍá—, laṇḍa— and many ‘defective’
words).
9048 *phatta— ‘defective’. 2. phadda—. [Cf. *phutta— and
list s.v. phakka—]
1. Ku. phatīṇo ‘to be disgraced or misused’; N.
phataro ‘babbler’, phatarinu ‘to talk nonsense’, phat-
phatāunu ‘to be garrulous’; Or. phatuā ‘unsuccessful,
liar, malignant’; G. phātṛɔ m. ‘fool, eunuch’; M. phāt-
māy f. ‘fat bloated woman’, phatulā m. ‘an impotent,
imbecile’.
2. L.awāṇ. phaddā ‘toothless’; P. phaddaṛ ‘very fat
and ugly, without energy, worthless’; G. phadiyũ n.
‘value of 4 pies only’; M. phadūl ‘puffed up, bloated,
flabby’, phadyā m. ‘small copper coin, a paisā’.
*phattiṅga— ‘flying insect’ see pataṅgá—.
*phadda— ‘defective’ see *phatta—.
*phanasa— ‘breadfruit’ see panasá—.
9049 *phapphara— ‘buckwheat’.
P. phaphrā, phāph° m. ‘buckwheat’; WPah.jaun.
phāphrā ‘husk of wheat’; Ku. phāpar ‘a kind of buck-
wheat growing near the snow—line’; N. A. phāpar
‘buckwheat’; M. phāprī f. ‘a kind of pot—herb’.
*phara—
1 ‘blade’ see phala—2.
*phara—
2 ‘board’ see phala—3.
phara—
3 ‘shield’ see phalaka—2.
9050 *pharati ‘moves, turns’. [Cf. phálati
3, phḗlati ‘goes’
Dhātup. — See *phirati]
Ku. pharakṇo ‘to turn round’; N. pharkanu ‘to turn
back’; G. pharakvũ ‘to move’; M. pharakṇẽ ‘to move
out of the way’; — G. pharvũ ‘to turn, return’ rather <
*phirati.
*pharpaṭa— ‘thin crust’ see párpaṭa—1.
PHAL ‘burst’: phala—2, phala—3, phálaka—1, phá-
lati2, *phāla—2, phālayati; viphalati; — phála—1,
phā́la—1?
Addenda: *pharati: WPah.kṭg. phƏrkauṇõ; ‘to fling’, J. farkāwṇu.
9068 *phass— ‘loose’. [Cf. *phuss—1]
K. phasun ‘to become opened or dismembered or
tender’; S. phasu ‘wearied’; Ku. phaskano ‘flabby,
swollen’; N. phasphase ‘loosely woven’, phasko ‘loose,
brittle’; B. phaskā ‘loose’; Or. phasaṛa ‘fruitless, vain’,
phaskā ‘loose’; H. phas, phasphasā ‘loose, soft’, phas-
aknā ‘to become loose’; G. phasakvũ ‘to burst, come to
nothing’, M. phasakṇẽ.
9069 *phāṭṭakka— ‘gate, door’. [< *prahaṭṭa— ~ haṭṭa—??]
P. N. phāṭak m. ‘gate’; A. phāṭak ‘prison’, phaṭak
‘gate’; B. phā̆ṭak ‘gate, prison’; Bi. H. phāṭak m. ‘gate’;
G. phaṭkiyũ bārṇũ n. ‘a single shutter to close a door’;
M. phāṭak, phākaṭ n., phaṭkā m. ‘gate (of a village &c.)’.
phāṇáyati
1 ‘makes spring’ see pháṇati
1.
phāṇayati
2 ‘skims’ see next.
9071 *
phāṇṭ— ‘separate by beating or cutting’.
K.
phanḍun ‘to beat out (e.g. dust from a carpet)’; S.
phāṇḍaṇu ‘to separate, apportion’; P.
phā̃ṭ f. ‘piece’;
WPah.bhal.
phaṇḍnū,
ph
*l
nnū ‘to gin cotton’,
phāno m.
‘one who gins’, (Joshi)
fā̃ḍṇu ‘to divide, distribute’; Ku.
phā̃ṭaṇo ‘to divide’; N.
phā̃ṛnu ‘to cut (esp. bushes and
scrub)’; G.
phãṭāvũ ‘to be divided’; M.
phā̃ṭā m. ‘long
divergent piece’.
phāṇṭá— see
phāṇita—.
Addenda: *
phāṇṭ—: WPah.kṭg.
pháṇṭ m. ‘contribution given by
each village to a temple or common fund’ ← H.
(Him.I 125: semant. comparing
sv́ṇḍ <
samūḍha—).
9073 *phāla—
2 ‘piece split off’. [Cf. phala—3. — √phal]
Pa. phāla— m. (?) ‘board, slab’, phālaka— ‘splitting’;
Gy. eur. phal ‘board’, wel. phal f. ‘pailing, rail, stake’;
K. phal f. ‘strip of wood’ (or < phala—3?); S. phāra f.
‘slice’; P. phāl f. ‘wedge’; Ku. phālo ‘piece of wood or
metal, iron bar’; N. phāli ‘thin strip of metal’; A. phāli
‘strip’; B. phālā ‘chip’, °li ‘strip’; Or. phāḷiā ‘chip’;
Bi. phārī ‘half a hide’; H. phāl m. ‘lump of areca—nut’,
(poet.) phār m. ‘piece’; G. phāḷɔ m. ‘share’; M. phāḷ
‘slip of wood’.
Addenda: *phāla—2: Md. fali ‘oar’ or < phala—2?
†;phāla—
3 ‘jump’ see sphāla—.
9077 *phiñc— ‘scatter’. [piṭṭayati X *khiñc—??]
Ku. phı̃jlaṇo ‘to scatter, strew over’; N. phı̃jnu ‘to
scatter, spread out’; Bi. phı̄̃cab ‘to beat clothes in wash-
ing’. — WPah. (Joshi) fı̃cṇu ‘to rub, press’?
9078 *
phirati intr. ‘moves, wanders, turns’. 2. *
phērayati
‘makes moves &c.’ 3. *
phēra— ‘turn, turning’. [Cf. *
pha-
rati ‘moves, turns’ (with
phálati
3,
phḗlati ‘goes’ Dhātup.).
Poss.
phar— and
phir— are MIA. < *
spar—, *
spir— and
belong to √
spr̥ for which the basic meaning ‘convey’
(~ √
pr̥) would account for the uses ‘rescue (from: abl.)’,
‘help (towards: dat.)’, ‘attain, win’ (cf. *
sparati). With
this Ir. *
spar— (usu. attributed to Sk.
sphuráti: Bar-
tholomae AirWb 1613 for Av.
spar— ‘tread, hasten’,
Horn NPE 155) may be cognate in some of its meanings,
e.g. Pers.
sipardan ‘to travel’ (J. C. W.)]
1. Pk.
phiraï ‘goes, returns’; Gy. eur.
phir—, gr.
pir-
‘to wander round, walk about, walk’; Sh.gil.
phĭróĭki̯
intr. ‘to turn, return’, koh.
phĭrōnu̯, gur.
phĭryōnu̯ tr. ‘to
turn’; K.
phirun tr. ‘to turn over’, kash.
phirunu
‘to
turn’; S.
phirṇī f. ‘spinning jenny’; L.awāṇ.
phiruṇ
‘to be moved’; P.
phirnā ‘to wander’; WPah.paṅ.
phirṇā
‘to turn’, (Joshi)
firṇu ‘to whirl, wander’; Ku.
phirṇo
‘to wander’; N.
phirnu ‘to wander, turn’, A.
phiriba;
B.
phirā intr. ‘to turn’; Mth.
phirab intr. ‘to turn,
twist, leap’; Bhoj.
phiral ‘to return’; OAw.
phiraï
‘wanders, returns’; H.
phirnā intr. ‘to turn’; OMarw.
phiraï ‘turns, walks about, moves’; G.
pharvũ ‘to
wander’; M.
phirṇẽ ‘to wander, turn’; — absol. as
adverb: Dm.
phīri ‘again’, Sh.koh.
phĭrī, gur.
phărḗ,
P.
phir, WPah.bhal.
phirī, OAw.
phiri, H.
phir, G.
pharī.
2. Pk.
phēraṇa— n. ‘turning’; Sh.gil.
pheróĭki̯ tr. and intr.
‘to turn, turn back; K.
phērun intr. ‘to wander’; S.
pheraṇu
tr. ‘to turn’; L.
pheraṇ tr. ‘to return’, awāṇ.
pheruṇ tr.
‘to move’; P.
pherṇā tr. ‘to turn’ (
phervā̃,
phermā̃ ‘liable
to be turned’ < *
phēritavya—); WPah. (Joshi)
ferṇu ‘to
send back’; Ku.
pheraṇo tr. ‘to return, move from one
place to another, set in motion’; N.
phernu tr. ‘to change’;
B.
pherā tr. ‘to turn’; Or.
pheribā intr. ‘to turn, come
back, change’,
pherāibā tr.; Mth.
pherab tr. and intr. ‘to
turn aside’; OAw.
pheraï tr. ‘turns, changes’; H.
phernā
intr. ‘to turn, wheel, return’,
phirānā tr.; G.
pheravvũ
tr. ‘to turn’, M.
pherṇẽ; — absol. as adverb: P. L.
pher
‘again’, N.
pheri, B.
pher, Or.
phera, Bi. H. G. M.
pher.
3. Sh. (Lor.)
pheri ‘whirlpool’; K.
phēra,
phyūru
m.
‘sauntering’; S.
pheru m. ‘turn’,
°ro m. ‘circle’; L.
pher,
°rā m.,
°rī f. ‘turn, time’; P.
pher m. ‘turn’,
°rā m.
‘circle’; WPah. (Joshi)
ferā m. ‘bad turn, swindle’; Ku.
pher ‘turn’,
°ro ‘circle’; N.
pher ‘edge, hem’,
°ro ‘circle’;
A.
pher ‘turn of fortune’,
pherā ‘particle placed after
nouns to denote a small quantity’; B.
pher ‘turn’; Or.
phera ‘coil, twist of a rope’,
°rā ‘circle’; Bi.
pher ‘turn’;
Mth.
pherā,
°rī ‘circuit, routine’; OAw.
phera ‘circum-
ambulation’; H.
pher m. ‘turn’,
°rā m. ‘circle’; Marw.
phero m. ‘circumambulation of the marriage fire’; G.
pher m. ‘turn’,
°rɔ m. ‘circle’, M.
pher,
°rā m.
Addenda: *
phirati. 1. S.kcch.
pherṇū ‘to go round’; WPah.kṭg.
(kc.)
phírnõ; ‘to turn round, return, wander’, J.
firṇu;
kṭg.
phíri
f. ‘turn’, caus.
phƏr
e
uṇõ; ‘to make turn’,
phír adv. and postp. ‘round’,
phíri, °
rhi ‘again’, J.
firi;
Md.
firukenī ‘creeps’,
furoḷu ‘wheel’,
furoḷanī ‘rolls,
turns over, changes’?
2. *
phērayati: S.kcch.
pharāyṇū tr. ‘to spin (a top)’;
WPah.kṭg. (kc.)
phérnõ; ‘to turn upside down’.
3. *
phēra—: WPah.kṭg. (kc.)
phérɔ m. ‘circle, turn,
time’.
9079 *phis— ‘burst’.
S. phisaṇu intr. ‘to split, burst’, phehaṇu tr. (intr. —iss-
~ tr. —ēs—); L. phissaṇ ‘to be squeezed, be bruised, be
rotten’; P. phissṇā intr. ‘to burst’.
9080 *phiss— ‘slip’ [Cf. picchala—].
S. phiskaṇu ‘to slip’, P. phisalṇā, WPah. (Joshi)
fisalnu, fiśkṇu, Ku. phislaṇo, H. phisalnā; M. phiskaṭṇẽ
‘to fall away’.
Addenda: *phiss— ‘slip’. [Onom. *pusati, *phass—, *phuss—,
peth. X picchā— in picchala—, picchila— and
WPah. *ph(r)iśśaḷ—]: WPah.kṭg. phríśśƏḷnõ; ‘to slip,
slide’ (intrusive r as in phraṛnõ; < sphāṭayati?).
9081 *phissa— ‘defective’. [See list s.v. phakka—]
N. phissa ‘easily torn’, phisphise ‘easily giving way’;
G. phīsũ ‘weak, faded’.
Addenda: *phissa— [Semant. ‘defective’ as ‘genital’ cf. *phussa—]
1. Paš.ar. phisū ‘vulva’ Morgenstierne IIFL iii 3;
S.kcch. phisso ‘tasteless’.
2. †;*phiñca—: WPah.kṭg. phı̄́nċ f., phínċɔ m.
‘testicle’.
9082 *phukyatē ‘is opened, untied’. 2. *phōkayati ‘unties’.
1. Kal.rumb. phɔk ‘loose’; N. phuknu intr. ‘to open,
loosened’, phuko ‘free, untied’.
2. Pk. phōiaya— ‘set free, spread out’ Deśīn.; N. phunu,
absol. phoi ‘to unfasten’, H. phonā. — X *khōll—: S.
pholhaṇu ‘to open’, P. pholṇā.
Addenda: *phukyatē: WPah.kṭg. phúkṇõ; ‘to be untied or
loosened’.
9083 *
phuṅga— ‘mustache’. [Scarcely with AO viii 307 <
*
spaṁśuka— ~
śmáśru—. Cf. *
juṅgha—]
Dm.
phū̃ka ‘mustache’, Kal.
uṣ—phuṅ (
uṣṭ <
ṓṣṭha—),
Bshk. Tor.
phuṅ, Phal.
phuṅga m. pl., Sh.gil.
phŭṅ m.,
pales.
phugg
*l, jij.
phuge.
9084 *phucca— ‘defective’. [Cf. *bucca—1, *bhucca— and list
s.vv. phakka— and *bukka—4]
Ku. phucco ‘undersized, short, dwarfish’; N. phuco
‘small, little boy’, phuci ‘little girl’, phucunu ‘little
fellow’; A. phusuṅ ‘worthless’; Si. pus ‘empty, blank,
blighted (of fruit)’, puhu ‘empty (of fruit)’, pussa ‘un-
productive, blighted, having no kernel’, pussā ‘animal
born without testicles or castrated when very young’,
pussī ‘barren cow’, pusiyā ‘old and decrepit ox’.
9085 *phutta— ‘insignificant’. [Cf. *phatta—]
Bshk. phut ‘fly’, phit ‘mosquito’; Phal. phutto ‘fly’,
phutti f. ‘mosquito’.
9089 *phupphu—, *phupphī—, *phapphī— ‘father's sister’.
Pk. pupphā—, °phī—, °phiā— f., Dm. phâpi, Gaw. pīpı̄́;
Bshk. pēp ‘father's or mother's sister’; Tor. pāp, pabī
‘father's sister’, Phal. phḗpī, Sh.gil. pales. phīpī, koh.
gur. phīpi̯ ‘father's sister, mother's brother's wife’; K.
phŏph, pŏph ‘father's sister’, pŏphuwu
m. ‘her husband’,
S. puphī f., puphaṛu m.; L. phupphī f. ‘father's sister’,
phupphuṛ m. ‘her husband’, phupphēr m. ‘her son’; P.
phupphī f. ‘father's sister’, phupphā m. ‘her husband’,
WPah.bhal. pupphi f., puppho m., Ku. phūphū f.,
phūp(h)ā m., N. phupu f., phupāju m., H. phūphū, °phī,
phūā f., phūphū, °phā m., G. phoī, phui, phai f., phuvɔ
m.; M. phuī f. ‘father's sister, husband's mother’ (used
esp. by women).
*phupphāputra—, *phupphīśvaśura—, *phupphī-
śvaśrū́—.
phupphukāraka— see next.
Addenda: *phupphu—: OG. phūihāīu ŚSB, G. phoiyāi m. ‘father's
sister's son’.
9098 *phuss—
1 ‘be loose’. [Cf. *phass— on the one hand, and
aspirated forms of *pusati on the other]
N. phuskanu ‘to be loosened, slip’; Or. phusuki jibā
‘to miscarry (of a work)’; H. phusphus f. ‘looseness,
flabbiness’, phusphusā, phuskā ‘loose, flabby, soft’; G.
phusphusiyũ ‘flimsy’; M. phusakṇẽ ‘to break off’,
phuskaṭṇẽ ‘to fall away’; — Sh. gil. phū̃ṣku, gur. phūšu
‘empty’?
Addenda: *phuss—
1 ‘be loose’. [Cf. also *phiss— Add2]
WPah.kṭg. luś—phuśśɔ ‘slippery, sliding’ (cf. *lussa—
‘defective’, *phussa— ‘defective’).
9099 *phuss—
2 ‘hissing, whispering’.
Ku. phusphusāṭ ‘whispering’, phuskaṇo ‘to whisper’,
phuskī f. ‘whisper’; N. phusphus ‘whisper’; B. phusphus
‘whispering’, phuslāna ‘to flatter’; Mth. phūsab ‘to
whisper’, phusiā ‘whisperer, deceiver’; H. phusphus f.
‘hissing’.
9100 *phussa— ‘defective’. [Cf. *bhussa—1, *bussa—, and
busa
1]
H. phūs m. ‘old dried straw, rubbish, anything de-
cayed’, phūsī f. ‘chaff, rubbish’, phūsṛā, phūsrā m. ‘rags
and tatters’; — WPah. (Joshi) fusā m., °sī f. ‘pudendum
muliebre’. — See púṣya—1.
Addenda: *phussa— [Semant. for ‘defective’ word in sense of
‘genitals’ cf. *phissa— Add2]
WPah.kṭg. phv́ssi
f. ‘female genitals’, phv́śṭi
f. (for ś
cf. púṣya—1), J. fusi. — Gy.eur. phus m. ‘straw, hay’
~ Gy.pal. bis despite W. Schmid IF 70, 350 rather
< *bhusa—.
9102 *phūtka— ‘blowing’. [phūt—]
Pk. phukkaï ‘blows’, phuṁkā— f. ‘blowing’; Gy. wel.
phūko ‘distended’, gr. pukó ‘swollen up’, boh. phukní
‘bellows’, hung. phukni f. ‘bag’; Ash. puk ‘breath’,
Wg. puk, pṳ̄ ‘breath, soul’; Dm. phūky
— ‘to breathe,
blow’; Paš.kuṛ. phuk— ‘to winnow’; Woṭ. phuk reflexive
pron. ‘self’; Gaw. phūk ‘breath, life’; Tor. pug— ‘to blow’;
Phal. phūk— ‘to blow out’; K. phŏkh, dat. °kas m. ‘puff,
blowing’, phukh, dat. °kas m. ‘blowpipe’, phukun ‘to
blow up (a fire)’, phŏkun intr. ‘to blow (of wind)’; S.
phūkaṇu ‘to blow’, phūka f. ‘blast, puff’; P. phū̆kṇā
‘to blow’, phukk f. ‘soul’; WPah.bhal. phukki f. ‘puff of
air (from bellows or mouth)’, (Joshi) fukṇu ‘to burn,
cremate’; Ku. phukṇo ‘to blow’, phūk ‘breath, life, soul’,
phū̃kṇo ‘to practise magic’; N. phuknu ‘to blow’, phuk-
phāk ‘incantation’; A. phũkiba ‘to blow’, B. phũkā, Or.
phuṅkibā, Mth. phūkab, phū̃k°, H. phuknā, phū̃k°,
phũk°, OMarw. phūkaï, G. phũkvũ, M. phũkṇẽ. — X
útpunāti q.v.
Addenda: *phūtka—: S.kcch. phūkāyṇū ‘(wind) to blow’; Garh.
phukṇu ‘to blow’, phūk ‘blowing with the mouth’.
9105 *
phūha— ‘wantonness’.
S.
phūhu m. ‘pride of youth’; — ext. —
ḍa—: S.
phūhaṛu ‘intemperate in language’; P.
phūhaṛ ‘obscene’;
N.
phohar,
°hor,
phor ‘obscene language’; Or. (Sam-
bhalpur)
puhar ‘dirt, filth’; H.
pūhaṛ ‘obscene’; G.
phuaṛ,
phu
e
ṛ ‘filthy’.
Addenda: *
phūha—: S.kcch.
phūvaṛ ‘filthy, slatternly (of women)’.
9106 *
phēkk— ‘throw’. 2. *
phēṅk—. 3. *
phēṅg—.
1. B.
phekā ‘to throw’, Mth.
phekab.
2. N.
phẽknu,
phyā̃k°, H.
phẽknā, G.
phẽkvũ, M.
phẽkṇẽ,
phek°.
3. Or.
pheṅgibā.
*
phēṅk—, *phēṅg— ‘throw’ see prec.
*
phēṅga— ‘lame’ see
paṅgú—.
Addenda: *
phēkk—. 2. *
phēṅk—: WPah.kṭg.
ph
e/
ṅkṇõ; ‘to throw’
← H. Him.I 126.
*
phēṅk— see *
phēkk— Add
2.
9107 *phēṭṭa—
1 ‘strip of cloth’. 2. *phēṇṭa—. [Cf. phuṭṭaka-
n. ‘a kind of cloth’ BHSk., °ṭikā— f. Kathās.; paṭṭa—2]
1. S. pheṭo, phẽṭo m. ‘strip of cloth used as turban’;
Ku. pheṭ, °ṭo ‘end of a sheet’; N. pheṭā ‘turban’; B.
pheṭi ‘turban, skein of thread’; Bi. pheṭwāl ‘a kind of
cotton’; H. pheṭ, phẽṭ f. ‘waistband’, pheṭā, phẽṭā m.
‘waistband, small turban’; G. phẽṭɔ m. ‘turban’; M.
pheṭ ‘skirt’.
2. Gy. eur. (boh.) pherno ‘head—cloth’.
*phēṭṭa—
2 ‘snake's hood’ see phaṭa—.
phēṇa—
1 ‘foam’ see phḗna—.
*phēṇa—
2 ‘hood of snake’ see phaṇa—1.
*phēṇṭa— ‘strip of cloth’ see *phēṭṭa—1.
9113 *phōttara— ‘hollow’. [See list s.v. *pōka—]
G. photrũ n. ‘chaff’.
*phōppha—, *phōmpha— ‘hollow’ see *pōppa—.
*phōra—, *phōlla— ‘hollow’ see *pōḍa—.
9114 *phōssa— ‘hollow’. [See list s.v. *pōka—]
A. phõ;hā ‘blister’; — Dm. phōsı̄́ra ‘rotten’; -
P. phosaṛ m. ‘idle fellow’; N. phosro ‘empty, useless’; -
B. H. phoskā m. ‘blister’.
9117 *bakk— ‘chatter’.
Pk. bakkara— n. ‘laughter’; K. bakun ‘to prate’; S.
bakaṇu ‘to prattle’, P. bakṇā, N. baknu, A. bakiba, B.
bakā, Or. bakibā, H. baknā, G. bakvũ, M. bakṇẽ; -
redupl.: S. bakbaki f. ‘prattling’, Ku. N. bakbak, Or.
bakabaka, H. G. M. bakbak f.
*bakkavāda—.
Addenda: *bakk—: WPah.kṭg. bakṇõ; in jāt bakṇi
‘to open the
mouth, to talk’, J. bākṇu ‘to stretch the mouth’.
9119 *baggaḍa— ‘a kind of rice’.
P. bagaṛ f. ‘coarse grass, a kind of red rice’; Ku.
bagaṛ ‘a kind of rice’; N. bagaṛā ‘a kind of coarse rice’;
H. bagaṛ, bagṛā m. ‘rice roughly cleaned’, M. bagaḍ f.
9120 *baggha— ‘defective’. [Cf. phakka— and other ‘de-
fective’ words with initial b— s.vv. baṇḍá—, *bukka—4]
P. bagghū m. ‘fat stupid person, scarecrow, bugbear’.
9122 *baḍabaḍa— ‘grumble, mutter’. [~ *vaḍavaḍa—. -
Onom.]
Pk. baḍabaḍaï ‘laments’ Deśīn.; S. baṛbaṛāiṇu ‘to
grumble’, P. baṛbaṛāuṇā, Ku. baṛbaṛāṇo; N. barbarāunu
‘to grunt, grumble, mutter in sleep’; B. baṛbaṛ ‘murmur,
grumble’, baṛbaṛāna ‘to murmur’; Or. baṛabaṛa
‘grumbling’; H. baṛbaṛānā ‘to grumble’, G. baṛbaṛvũ,
M. baḍbaḍṇẽ.
9147 *bappuḍa— ‘wretched’. [Orig. an exclamation like the
nursery words bāppa—, *bābba—]
Pk. bappuḍa— ‘wretched’; N. bāphre ‘exclamation of
sorrow’; H. bāpṛā, bāpurā ‘wretched’, Brj. bāprā, G.
bāpṛũ, M. bāpuḍā, bāpḍā, bābḍā.
babbula— see next.
9150 *bamba— ‘big, swollen’.
S. bamjaṇu ‘to be swollen’; Ku. bamāṇo ‘to be puffed
up, be proud, grow’, bamkaṇo ‘to be puffed up’,
bamṭyāṇo ‘to become mad’, bamato ‘much, plenty’,
bāmto m. ‘ardent desire’, bamtaṇo ‘to become mad’; N.
bam—phasel ‘good harvest’, bamme ‘crowded’, bamkanu
‘to boast’; G. M. bãb ‘vast, full’.
bambhara— see bhambha—.
baraṭa— see varaṭa
1.
barivarda— see balivárda—.
bariśa— see baḍiśa—.
9151 *baru— ‘a kind of reed or grass’.
Pk. barua— n. ‘a kind of grass like sugarcane’; S. ḇarū
m. ‘a species of grass’; P. barū m. ‘a kind of coarse
grass’; H. barū, baro m. ‘a tall grass or reed, species of
Saccharum (used for pens), Arundo karka or Calamus
scriptorius’; G. baru m. ‘a reed’, baroṛũ n. ‘reed—stick’;
M. barū m. ‘the writing—reed Calamus scriptorius’.
9152 *barka— ‘fawn’. [Cf. bárkara—]
L. bakk m.f. ‘fawn’; — WPah. (Joshi) bākṭu m., °ṭī f.
‘kid’.
9164 *balakk— ‘bubble, throb’. [—kk— ext. of bal— in *ubbal—?]
Ku. balkaṇo ‘to throb’; N. balak—balak ‘throbbing of
the pulse’, balkanu ‘to become hot and excited (esp. of
clitoris)’; B. balak ‘swelling up in boiling (e.g. milk)’,
balkā ‘boiled only once’; H. balaknā ‘to bubble’.
9165S bal-bal-bal-bal sound of water (pouring from a gourd, bottle) JB, survives in NIA as onomatopoetic without sound change. (MW 6/13/10)
9198 *bā— ‘father’. 2. *bāī— ‘mother’. [Cf. *bāppa—, *bābba—.
— Nursery words]
1. Pk. bāa— m. ‘child’; Paš.weg. Shum. bā ‘father’;
N. bā ‘father’, bājyā ‘grandfather’, bājei ‘grandmother’.
2. Pk. bāiyā— f. ‘mother’, G. bāī f.
*bāī— ‘mother’ see prec.
bākurá— see *bōra—2.
9200 *bājja— ‘defective’. [Cf. lists s.vv. baṇḍá—, *bukka—4]
P. bājjā m. ‘fool, idiot’.
9201 *bājjara— ‘millet’. [HŚS 2422 and POBh. s.v. quote
Sk. varjarī—]
S. ḇājhari, ḇājhirī f., °ro m. ‘the grain Holcus spica-
tus’; L. bājrā m., mult. bājhrā m., °rī f. ‘spiked millet’;
P. bājrā m., °rī f. ‘millet’, N. bājuro, B. bājrā, Or.
bājarā; Bi. bājṛā ‘millet’, bājrī ‘a small pea’; Mth.
bājṛā ‘millet’, H. bājrā, bājṛā m.; G. bājrī f. ‘millet’, °rɔ
m. ‘a large variety’; M. bāj̈rā m. ‘millet’, °rī f. ‘a small
variety’.
*bāḍa— ‘defective’ see baṇḍá—.
Addenda: *bājjara— [Without explaining S. ḇ— etc. T. Burrow
BSOAS xxxviii 73 posits *vārjara— ~ varjarī— with a
~ ā < IE. o, and without support of other IE.
words]
9209 *
bāppa— ‘father’. 2. *
bābba—. [Cf. *
bā—. — Nursery
words]
1. Pk.
bappa— m. ‘father’, Gy. arm.
bap; Dm.
bàp
‘father, grandfather’; Gaw. Tor.
bāp ‘father’; L.
bāpū
m. ‘grandfather’; P.
bāp,
bāpū m. ‘father’, N.
bāp; A.
bāp ‘father’,
bāpā ‘term of address to a father or of
affection to a young man’,
bāpu ‘term of address to a
learned Brahman’; B.
bāp ‘father’,
bāpu ‘father, child’;
Or.
bāpa ‘father’,
bapā ‘term of endearment to younger
persons’,
bāpu ‘term of address to a father or to a young
person’, (Puri)
bāpā ‘father's father’; Mth.
bāp,
bappā
‘father’, Aw.lakh. H. G. M.
bāp m., Si.
bapa.
2. Ḍ.
baba ‘father, father's brother’ (pl.
piāra <
pitŕ̥—),
b
*l
bó m. ‘grandfather’; Paš.ar.
bāba ‘father’, Shum.
bā́bā; Bshk.
bab ‘father’,
bobƏ ‘father's brother’; Sv.
bāb,
bābu ‘father’; Phal.
bā́bu ‘father’,
bābá ‘father's
brother’; Sh.gil.
bābu̯ m. ‘father’, pales.
bubā; K.
bab m.
‘father, grandfather’,
bāb m. ‘father’, rām.
babb, pog.
baub, ḍoḍ.
babbō; P.
bābbā m. ‘father, grandfather’,
bābū m. ‘term of respect’, kgr.
babb m. ‘father’, WPah.
bhad.
bābō, bhal.
bāb, cur.
bābb, cam.
babb, khaś.
babb
(voc.
bāvā); Ku.
bābu ‘father’,
babā ‘affectionate term
for father or child’; N.
bābu ‘father’,
bābai ‘term of
address to child’,
babuwā ‘father, (Tarai) affectionate
term for son’; B.
bābā ‘father, baby’,
bābu ‘gentleman’;
Or.
bābā ‘father’,
babā ‘father's elder brother’,
bābu
‘gentleman’,
babuā ‘term of endearment to juniors’;
Mth.
bā̆bā ‘father’,
bābu ‘title of respect’; H.
bābū m.
‘father’,
babuwā m. ‘child’; G. M.
bābū m. ‘term of
respect’; M.
bābḍā ‘term of endearment to a child’.
*
bāppaghara—; *bābbajāni—.
Addenda: *
bāppa—. 1. WPah.kṭg. (kc.)
bāp m. ‘father’, kṭg.
bapu
m. (used by Rajputs), J.
bāpū m., Md. (upper class)
bappa, (lower class)
bafā.
2. *
bābba—: WPah.kṭg. (kc.)
bāb m. ‘father’,
babu
(used by Rajputs), J.
bābū m.
9213 *bāru— ‘betel leaf’. [← Austro—as. J. Przyluski BSL
xxiv 257: cf. tāmbūlá—]
B. bāru ‘betel’.
*bārujīvin—.
9236 *biggāī— ‘a kind of insect’.
Pk. biggāī—, biggāiā— f.; G. bagāī f. ‘an insect found
on the body of cattle’.
Addenda: *biggāī—: S.kcch. baghāī f. ‘fly—like insect on body of
cattle’.
9238 *biḍḍa— ‘defective’. 2. *bēṭṭa—. 3. *bēḍa—.
4. *bēḍḍa—. 5. *bēṇḍa—. [Cf. nibiḍa—2 ‘crook—nosed’ Kāś.,
‘low’ Kād. and *bhēḍḍa— and viṭa—: see list s.v. *bukka—4]
1. L. biḍḍā ‘flat—nosed’.
2. Pk. biṭṭa— m. ‘boy’, °ṭī— f. ‘girl’ (= *bĕṭṭa—?); Phal.
bēṭı̄́, °ṭí ‘lamb’; K. bīṭh—cod m. ‘one guilty of incest with
daughter’; S. ḇeṭo m. ‘boy’, °ṭī f. ‘girl’, L. beṭī f., P. beṭā
m., °ṭī f., Ku. N. beṭo m., °ṭi f.; A. beṭā ‘boy’, beṭi ‘slave-
girl’; B. beṭā ‘son’, °ṭi ‘daughter’, Mth. beṭā, °ṭuā m.,
beṭī, °ṭiā f.; OAw. beṭā m. ‘boy’, lakh. biṭiyā ‘daughter’,
H. beṭā m., beṭī, biṭiyā f., Marw. beṭo m., °ṭī f., G. beṭɔ
m., °ṭī f., M. beṭā m., °ṭī f.
3. Ash. beṛā ‘dumb’; Wg. beṛe ‘dumb, stupid, mad’;
Paš.kuṛ. beṛṓ ‘deaf’, dar. beṛā́ ‘dumb’, ar. bäṛo ‘stupid’;
Woṭ. bḗṛa ‘dumb’ (Buddruss Woṭ 93 < badhirá— with
ṛ from boṛ ‘deaf’, see *bōḍa—); — altern. < *bēḍḍa—:
Or. beṛā ‘dumb, idiotic’; M. beḍūk m. ‘frog’, beḍkī f.
‘small frog’ (~ maṇḍū́ka—).
4. L. bēḍā ‘belonging to the Plains’, awāṇ. bēḍā
‘foolish’.
5. M. bẽḍū ‘small and stout (of man or beast)’.
Addenda: *biḍḍa—. 2. *bēṭṭa—: WPah.kṭg. beṭṭɔ (voc. °ṭa) m.
‘son’, °ṭi
f. ‘daughter, girl’; J. beṭā m. ‘son’.
5. *bēṇḍa—: WPah.kṭg. bīṇḍ m. ‘bachelor’.
6. †;*binta—: WPah.kṭg. bindɔ m. ‘baby with an
abnormality (e.g. with 2 heads, 4 arms, or one eye in
forehead)’ Him.I 146.
†;*daridrabēṭṭa—.
†;*binta— ‘defective’ see *biḍḍa—.
9246 *bila—
2 ‘cover’. [Cf. vilati ‘covers’ Dhātup.]
Kho. bil ‘lid or cover of a vessel’ (Rep1 72: but poss.
further semant. development of ‘opening’ < bíla—1);
P. bil m. ‘cornice round opening of an earthen corn—bin’?
9255 *bījadhānyavāṭī— ‘seed—bed’. [*bījadhānya—, vāṭa—1]
H. bihnaur f. ‘seed—bed’.
9262 *bukka—
3 ‘handful’.
Pk. bukkā— f. ‘handful, handful of rice’; K. bọ̆ku
m.
‘hand with fingers extended to hold grain’; S. ḇuku m.
‘the full of both palms closed’, ḇukī f. ‘handful of grain
put into the mill’; L. P. bukk m. ‘double handful’; Ku.
bukṇā ‘parched rice for chewing’, bukauṇo ‘to eat’; N.
bukāunu ‘to eat by throwing handfuls into the mouth’;
H. būknā ‘to eat’, bukṭā, buṛkā m. ‘snap, bite’; G. būk
m. ‘morsel’, bukvũ ‘to eat parched rice’; M. bukī f. ‘blow
with fist’; Si. boku ‘hand bent to receive water’, bukula
‘blow with fist’.
9263 *
bukka—
4 ‘defective’. 2. *
bugghara—. 3. *
buṅka—.
4. *
būkkhara—. 5. *
bōkka—2. 6. *
bōkkha—.
7. *
bōggha—. 8. *
bōṅga—. [Other groups of ‘defective’
words with initial
b—,
bh— are *
bucca—
1 (*
būccara—,
*
bōcca—, *
bōñca—), *
buṭṭa—
1 (*
buṭṭha—, *
buḍḍha—, *
buṇṭa—,
*
buṇṭha—, *
būṭa—
1, *
bōṭṭa—
1, *
bōḍa—, *
bōḍḍa—, *
bōṇṭha—),
*
butta— (*
buttha—, *
buddha—
2, *
buntala—, *
bunda—,
*
bundha—
2, *
bōtta—, *
bōttha—, *
bōdda—, *
bōddha—, *
bōntha—,
*
bōnda—), *
bura— (*
bōra—
1), *
bulla— (*
būla—), *
bussa-
(*
būssara—), *
bhukkhara— (*
bhūkka—, *
bhōṅka—), *
bhucca-
(*
bhuccara—, *
bhujjara—, *
bhōcca—), *
bhuṭṭa— (*
bhuṭṭha—,
*
bhuḍa—, *
bhuḍḍa—, *
bhuṇṭa—, *
bhuṇṭha—, *
bhuṇḍa—
1,
*
bhōṭṭa—, *
bhōḍa—, *
bhōḍḍa—, *
bhōṇṭa—, *
bhōṇḍa—),
*
bhutta—
2 (*
bhuttara—, *
bhudda—, *
bhuntha—, *
bhunda—,
*
bhōtta—, *
bhōttha—, *
bhōdda—, *
bhōntha—, *
bhōnthara—,
*
bhōnda—), *
bhōra—, *bhulla— (*
bhōla—, *
bhōlla—),
*
bhussa—
1 (*
bhussara, *
bhōssa—), *
bēṅga—, *biḍḍa-
(*
bēṭṭa—, *
bēḍa—, *
bēḍḍa—, *
bēṇḍa—), *
bhēkka—
1 (*
bhēṅka—,
*
bhēṅga—), *
bhēḍa—2, *bhēdda—, bhēla—
2 (*
bhēlla—
1),
*
bhēsa— (*
bhēsara—). — Similar series s.vv.
kuṇṭha—,
*ṭuṇṭa—2, *naṭṭa—, baṇḍá—, *maṭṭa—, *rakka—, *lakka—1,
*śaṭṭa—, *habba—]
1. Ash.
bukest
e/ ‘blunt’, Wg.
bukƏ; Paš.chil.
bukuno
‘lamb’, ar.
buguno, Shum.
bukunik; Tor.
būk ‘blunt’;
Ku.
buko ‘chaff, husk, powder’; N.
bukuro,
bukunu
‘a little fellow’; M.
bukṇā m. ‘dumpy person, tuskless
elephant’.
2. P.
bugghar ‘fat—cheeked’.
3. Ku.
bũgṛo,
buṅṛo ‘small, undersized, simple,
humble’.
4. P.
būkhar ‘fat and stupid’.
5. Dm.
bōka ‘blunt’; B.
bokā ‘senseless’,
bokṛā ‘coarse,
rough’; Or.
bokā ‘blockhead’; M.
bokā m. ‘lout, un-
wieldy person’.
6. G.
bokhũ,
bokhlũ ‘toothless’.
7. G.
boghlũ ‘simple, guileless’.
8. M.
bõ;gā ‘loutish, clumsily big, dull, idiot’.
Addenda: *
bukka—
4. 5. *
bōkka—2: WPah.kṭg.
bōk ‘dull,
clownish’; A.
bakiba ‘to babble’,
nibokā ‘taciturn’
(with intensive †;
niṣ—, — rather than < †;
nirvākya-
AFD 229).
6. *
bōkkha—: S.kcch.
bokho ‘toothless, leafless’.
9264 *bukka—
5 ‘powder’, bukkā— f. ‘fragrant powder’
T. Burrow BelvalkarVol 8. 2. *bhukka—.
1. Pk. bukka— m.n. ‘chaff’; S. ḇukī f. ‘powdered
medicine’; P. bukkā m. ‘dust’; N. buko ‘dry’, bukuwā
‘powdered turmeric and other spices’; B. Or. bukni
‘powder’; Bi. bukuā ‘bean flour and powdered pepper’;
H. būkā m., buknī f. ‘powder’, bū̆knā ‘to pulverize’; M.
bukā m. ‘a partic. fragrant powder’, bukī f., bukṇā m.,
bukṭī f. ‘powder’.
2. P. bhukkī f. ‘powder’, bhukkṇā ‘to sprinkle’.
9266 *bucca—
1 ‘defective’. 2. *būccara—. 3. *bōcca—.
4. *bōñca—. [Cf. *bhucca—, *phucca—, and rhyming
*cucca—1: see list s.v. *bukka—4]
1. S. ḇucu m. ‘tuft of hair’, ḇuco ‘scanty—bearded,
having only a tuft on chin’, ḇucī f. ‘scanty beard’; L.
(Ju.) ḇuccā ‘scanty—bearded’, awāṇ. buccā; P. buccā
‘crop—eared’; Ku. buco ‘empty, unadorned’; N. buco
‘cropped of ears or tail &c.’, sb. ‘tame boar’, buckā
‘stubble’; H. būcā ‘crop—eared’; G. bucũ ‘flat—nosed’,
buciyũ ‘flat—nosed, earless’, bucɔ m. ‘boy’, °cī f. ‘girl’;
M. buċā ‘crop—eared’, buċkā m. ‘tuft’.
2. L. būcar m. ‘husks of millet’.
3. Bshk. boč ‘vulva’; WPah.bhal. bocci f. ‘goat with
very small ears’; M. boċū ‘silly, paltry’, m. ‘catamite’.
4. B. bõ;cā ‘crop—nosed, crop—eared, shameless,
wicked’; M. bõ;ċarḍā ‘toothless, gap—toothed’.
Addenda: *bucca—
1. 1. M. buccī, puccī f. ‘pudendum muliebre’.
9267 *bucca—
2 ‘plug’. 2. *buñca—. 3. *bujja—. [Cf.
*buṭṭa—2]
1. N. buco ‘plug, stopper’, bucinu ‘to be plugged’; G.
buc m. ‘plug’, M. buċ m.
2. S. ḇuñjo m. ‘plug’, °jī f. ‘cork’.
3. L. bujjā m. ‘plug’; P. bujjā m. ‘stopper, menstrual
cloth’, °jī f. ‘plug’; Ku. bujṇo ‘to stop, shut (eyes &c.)’;
N. bujo ‘cork, stopper’, bujinu ‘to be stopped up’; B.
bujā, bũjā ‘to shut’; Or. bujā ‘shutting’, bujibā tr. ‘to
shut, enclose, fence’, intr. ‘to be closed, be filled up’;
H. bujnā m. ‘pessary’; M. buj̈ m. ‘plug’, buj̈ṇẽ ‘to stop
up’. — Cf. Pk. vujjaṇa— n. ‘lid’.
*bujja—, *buñca— ‘plug’ see prec.
9268 *buṭṭa—
1 ‘defective’. 2. *buṭṭha—. 3. *buḍḍha—1.
4. *buṇṭa—. 5. *buṇṭha—. 6. būṭa—
1 in būṭakarṇa-
‘crop—eared (as nom. prop.)’ R. Pischel ZDMG 58, 372.
7. *bōṭṭa—
1. 8. *bōḍa—. 9. *bōḍḍa—. 10. *bōṇṭha—.
[Poss. also *bōḍḍha— sanskritized in bauḍhya—vihāra— m.
‘name of an offering to the Rudras’ Gr̥S. — Cf.
*butta—, *biḍḍa—, *bhuṭṭa—, and perh. buli—: see list
s.v. *bukka—4]
1. S. ḇuṭo ‘wanting ears or horns or tail’; L. (Ju.) ḇuṭā
‘one—eared, hare—lipped, unadorned, spoilt, cracked,
chipped’; P. buṭṭ m. ‘toothless gum’, buṭṭā ‘unadorned’;
N. buṭo ‘stump’, (with emph. doubling) buṭṭo ‘un-
adorned’; A. buṭā ‘of short stature’, buṭī ‘worn—out,
blunt’; Or. buṭiā ‘dwarfish’; G. būṭ f. ‘lobe of ear’; M.
būṭ m. ‘hammer—headed shark’, buṭkā ‘broken—tipped,
dwarfish’.
2. Ku. buṭhli f. adj. ‘without clothes or ornaments’;
Or. (Sambhalpur) buṭhi ‘dwarf’; G. buṭṭhũ ‘blunt, re-
duced to a stump’, buṭṭhɔ m. ‘ear of millet’.
3. Bshk. gaṅgar—bū́ṭ ‘spider’, Phal. buḍṓlo, Sh. tal-
būṛu̯; Si. buḍḍayā ‘stupid man’. — Cf. *buḍḍha—2.
4. S. buṇḍo, buṇḍro ‘blunt, stupid’.
5. M. bũṭhā ‘reduced to a stump’, bũṭhaṇ n. ‘stump,
stub’.
6. P. būṛā ‘earless, having the nose bored’; G.
buṛiyal, buṛthal ‘stupid’ (cf. Sh. tal— būṛu̯ in 3?).
7. P. boṭi m. ‘unfeathered young sparrow’; Ku. boṭi
‘vulva’; H. boṭā m. ‘log’; M. boṭkā ‘blunt’, boṭūk n.
‘stump’.
8. Pk. bōḍa— ‘young’, bōḍiya— ‘bald’; Ash. búṛistēi
‘unripe, uncooked’; Wg. buṛō ‘deaf, dumb’; Dm. búŕa
‘deaf’, Paš.lauṛ. boṛā́, ar. bƏṛṓ (→ Par. būṛū IIFL iii 3,
38), Shum. bōṛa, Woṭ. kana—bṓṛ, f. —bḗṛ, Gaw. buṛó,
Bshk. bɔ̄̀'r, f. bē'r (AO xviii 228 < badhirá—), Tor. boo,
Sv. buṛo, Phal. bhūru (or < *bhōḍa—), S. ḇoṛo; P. boṛā
‘broken (of teeth)’, m. ‘one with broken teeth’; G. boṛũ
‘bare—headed’, boṛī f. ‘widow’, boṛkũ ‘shaven—headed,
bald’, °kī f. ‘widow’, boṛvũ ‘to shave’; — altern. < 9:
Ku. boṛo ‘man without beard or mustache’; M. boḍ n.
‘contemptuous term for head’, boḍā m. ‘penis’, boḍkā
‘bare, bare—headed, stripped of fruit, hornless, toeless,
fingerless’.
9. P. boḍḍā ‘rotten’; — Ku. M. forms see 8; —cf. Pk.
voḍḍa— m. ‘fool’.
10. M. bõ;ṭhā ‘reduced to a stump’, bõ;ṭhaṇ, bõ;ṭhūk n.
‘stump’.
*buṭṭāṅga—.
Addenda: *buṭṭa—1: S.kcch. būṭo m. ‘remnant after stalk is cut
off’.
5. *buṇṭha—: S.kcch. būṇḍh m. id.
8. *bōḍa—: S.kcch. boṛo ḍeṇū ‘to ferment’, G. boḷɔ
devɔ. — S.kcch. bauṛo ‘deaf’, OP. P. bolā.
9269 *buṭṭa—
2 ‘plug’. [Cf. *bucca—2]
S. ḇuṭijaṇu ‘to be blocked’; L. (Ju.) ḇuṭaṇ ‘to stop,
close (ears or mouth)’; M. buṭṇẽ n. ‘cork, stopper’.
9271 *
buḍḍha—
2 ‘old’. [Initial
b— in all lggs. seems to pre-
clude direct derivation <
vr̥ddhá—
2. Either same as
*
buḍḍha—
1 (but infl. by MIA.
vuḍḍha— <
vr̥ddhá—
2)
or < *
br̥ḍḍha— replacing *
br̥ḍha— (√
br̥h
1) see
prauḍha—.
Pa. Pk.
buḍḍha— ‘old’, Gy. eur.
phuro; Paš.weg.
buṛālék ‘old woman’, (LSI)
buḍai; Shum.
buṛā́la, f.
°lek
‘old’; Gaw.
búṛa,
búḍa ‘grandfather’,
búṛi,
búḍi ‘grand-
mother’; Mai.
búḍa ‘old man’,
°ḍī ‘old woman’; Phal.
būṛ,
būḍo, f.
buṛi ‘old’; K.
buḍu
‘old’ (whence
buḍun ‘to
become old’), S.
ḇuḍho; L.
buḍḍh,
buḍḍhī f. ‘old channel
of Chenab river’,
buḍḍhā,
buḍhṛā, (Ju.)
ḇuḍhā ‘old’, P.
buḍḍhā; WPah.bhad.
buḍhappaṇ n. ‘old age’, khaś.
bùḍḍā ‘old’, bhal.
bùḍ, f.
bùḍḍi (whence
buḍh
e_
ṇū ‘to
make old’), Ku.
buṛho,
buḍḍho, gng.
buṛ, N.
buṛ(
h)
o, A.
burā, B.
buṛā; Or.
buṛha ‘old cow’,
buṛhā ‘old’; Mth.
būṛh, f.
būṛhi ‘old’,
buṛhiā ‘old woman’; Bhoj.
bū̆ṛh ‘old’,
OAw.
būḍha, lakh.
būṛh, H.
būṛhā, OMarw.
būḍhaü, G.
būḍh adj.,
buḍhiyɔ m. ‘old man’.
Addenda: *
buḍḍha—2: S.kcch.
boḍhau ‘old’, WPah.kṭg.
bv́ḍḍhɔ,
kc.
bvṛo ‘old (of age)’, kṭg.
bv́ḍhḷɔ ‘old’; Garh.
buḍḍyā
‘old’,
buṛāpu ‘old age’.
9273 *butta— ‘defective’. 2. *buttha—. 3. *buddha—2.
4. *buntala—. 5. *bunda—2. 6. *bundha—
2. 7. *būdha—.
8. *bōtta—. 9. *bōttha—. 10. *bōdda—. 11. *bōddha—.
12. *bōntha—. 13. *bōnda—. [Cf. *buṭṭa—1, *bhutta—:
see list s.v. *bukka—4]
1. P. butt ‘stupid, dumb’, buttā m. ‘fraud’.
2. L. butthā ‘rotten, old’.
3. L. (Ju.) ḇudhā m. ‘fool’; P. buddho ‘silly’; N.
budhune ‘squat, short’, budhunā ‘a fish with a large
head’; H. buddhū m. ‘fool’; G. budhũ n. ‘cudgel’.
4. L. (Ju.) bũdul ‘stout, fat, strong’.
5. Pk. buṁdi— m.f. ‘pig’ (see also *bundi— s.v. *bhūṇḍa—),
buṁdīra— m. ‘buffalo’; M. bũdkā ‘squat’.
6. P. bunnhā ‘stupid’; G. bũdhī ‘dull, stupid’.
7. G. būhɔ m. ‘foolish man’.
8. P. bot m. ‘unfeathered young sparrow’, bottā m.,
°tī f. ‘young camel’; Or. botā ‘refuse and rind of jack-
fruit’, boti ‘emptied pods of pulse’, botiā ‘evil—smelling,
fetid’; G. bot m. ‘fool’, botṛɔ m. ‘young camel’.
9. G. bothaṛ ‘dull, stupid’.
10. S. bodilo ‘simple, artless’; P. boddā ‘rotten’; Ku.
bodo, bodlo ‘weak, rotten’; B. bodā ‘evil—smelling’; Or.
boda ‘stunned, numbed’, bodā ‘fat person, male goat or
sheep’ (semant. cf. *bukka—2,4, *bōkka—1,2); H. bodā
‘weak’, bodlā ‘silly’; G. bodũ ‘hoarse’, n. ‘ill—burnt or
cracked pot’; M. bod ‘flat, dull (of sound)’; — altern.
< 11: Woṭ. bodā ‘quiet (of speech)’; K. bōda ‘stupid’.
11. N. bodho ‘blunt, sluggish’; Or. bodha, °dhu
‘stunned, numb’; — Woṭ. K. forms see 10.
12. M. bõ;thā, bothā ‘blunt, dull’.
13. A. bondā ‘of inferior quality (of bell—metal)’, sb.
‘male cat’, bondārā, f. bundari ‘dwarfed’; M. bõ;dar n.
‘dirty and much used cloth’, bõ;drā ‘careless, untidy’.
*buttha— ‘defective’ see *butta—.
Addenda: *butta—. 2. *buttha—: S.kcch. butth m. ‘stunted tree’.
*buttha— ‘defective’ see *butta— Add2.
9274 *budabuda— ‘murmur’. [Onom.]
N. budbud ‘murmuring’, budbudāunu ‘to mutter,
grumble’; H. budbudānā ‘to mutter’.
9275 *budda— ‘vulva’. [Cf. *putta— s.v. pūta—2 and ‘de-
fective’ group s.v. *butta—]
L. buddī f. ‘vulva’.
9281 *
bundhati ‘heeds’. [Poss. old, cf. Gk.
punqa/nomai: cf.
búndati ‘perceives’ Bhaṭṭ. — √
budh]
S.
ḇundhaṇu ‘to hear, obey’ (pp.
ḇudho), caus.
ḇun-
dhāiṇu: more prob. anal. pres. st. from pp.
ḇudho <
buddha—
1 after type
ḇadho ~
ḇandhaṇu.
9282 *
buba— ‘father’. [Cf. *
bābba—, *bāppa—. — Nursery
word]
Ku.
buwā ‘father’,
bubo—jyu ‘title of address to hus-
band's father’,
bubu ‘father's sister’; N. (used by
Rānās)
bubā ‘father’, (children's language)
buwā; Or.
buā ‘term of endearment to father or to young child’;
M.
buvā m. ‘respectful term for an older man’.
Addenda: *
buba—: WPah.kṭg.
bvi
f. (obl.
bui,
bui
e) ‘father's
sister’.
9283 *bubba— ‘woman's breast’. [Nursery word]
S. bubo m. ‘breast’, bubī f. ‘man's or girl's nipple’; L.
bubbā ‘woman's breast’; N. (children's language) bubu
‘milk’.
Addenda: *bubba—: S.kcch. bhubho m. ‘woman's breast’,
WPah.kṭg. bubu m. ‘nipple of female breast’.
9289 *bura— ‘defective’. 2. *bōra—1. [Cf. *bhōra—: see list
s.v. *bukka—4]
1. S. buro ‘noseless, bad’; P. burā ‘wicked’; WPah.
bhad. buro ‘ugly, bad’, bhal. buro ‘bad’, burṛi f. ‘sheep
with small ears’, paṅ. cam. burā ‘bad’, cur. būrā; Ku.
N. buro ‘wicked’; Or. burā ‘inferior, improper’; H. burā
‘bad, wicked’, G. būrũ, M. burā.
2. Or. borā ‘wicked’.
*burakāra—.
Addenda: *bura—: WPah.kṭg. burɔ ‘bad, wicked’, J. burā, Garh.
buru; Ko. buro ‘scrotum’.
9296 *bussa— ‘defective’. 2. *būssara—. [Cf. *bhussa—1 and
poss. busa—: see list s.v. *bukka—4]
1. S. ḇuso ‘crop—eared, short—eared, shaven—headed,
without ornaments’; L.awāṇ. bussā ‘without orna-
ments’; P. bussā ‘unadorned, sad’, bussṇā ‘to stink, rot’;
Ku. busilo ‘empty (of grain)’, m. ‘empty grain’; G.
būsũ ‘blunt, stupid, tasteless’; Si. busa ‘sour curds’.
2. P. būsar ‘tall and stout but stupid’.
būkka— see vr̥kká—.
*būkkhara— ‘defective’ see *bukka—4.
būkhan— see vr̥kká—.
*būccara— ‘defective’ see *bucca—1.
būṭa—
1 ‘defective’ see *buṭṭa—1.
Addenda: *bussa—: WPah.kṭg. (kc.) búś ‘chat, talk’ (cf. kṭg.
nċ, ś s.v. phissa—, phussa— ‘defective’)?
9297 *būṭa—
2 ‘bush, plant’. 2. *būṭṭa—. 3. *bōṭṭa—2.
4. *bhūṭa—. [Cf. Pers. bōta ‘plant’ → Par. bū̆ta IIFL i 243]
1. Gy. eur. buro ‘thornbush, bramble’; S. ḇūṛo m.
‘bush’.
2. K.rām. buṭa obl. ‘tree’; S. ḇūṭo m., °ṭī f. ‘bush,
flower’, L. P. būṭā m., °ṭī f.; WPah.bhal. bhiḍ. buṭṭ n.
‘tree’, cur. buṭṭ, bhad. cam. būṭā; Ku. buṭī ‘herb’; N.
buṭā—buṭi ‘shrubs’; A. B. buṭ ‘chickpea’, buṭā ‘flower on
cloth’; Or. buṭa, buṇṭa ‘chickpea’, buṭā ‘flower on cloth’;
Bi. Bhoj. bū̃ṭ ‘the chickpea Cicer arietinum’; OAw. būṭī
f. ‘root of a plant, drug’; H. būṭā m. ‘bush, sprig,
flower, plant of chickpea’, būṭī f. ‘sprig’; G. buṭṭɔ m.,
°ṭī f. ‘painted flower’, M. būṭ, °ṭā m., °ṭī f. — K. būta m.
‘flower on cloth’ ← Pers.?
3. L. boṭā m. ‘plant’; P. boṭṭā m. ‘sugarcane slip for
planting’; WPah.pāḍ. bŏṭṭ ‘tree’; Ku. N. boṭ ‘tree, stem,
trunk’; H. boṭā m. ‘log’ (or < *bōṭṭa—1?).
4. Ku. bhūṛ ‘bush, hedge’.
*būṭṭa— ‘bush’ see prec.
*būḍhi— ‘intelligence’ see buddhi—.
*būdha— ‘defective’ see *butta—.
Addenda: *būṭa—. 2. *būṭṭa—: WPah.kṭg. (kc.) bv̄ṭ m. ‘tree’, kṭg.
bvṭṭi
f. ‘plant, tree’, poet. bvṭṛe f. ‘plant’.
*būṭṭa— see *būṭa— Add2.
9298 *būra— ‘powder’. 2. *bhūra—.
1. S. ḇūru m. ‘buds and blossoms of fruit trees, young
heads of grain’, ḇūro m. ‘sawdust, filings, fine sugar’,
ḇūrī f. ‘feathery excrescences on heads of millet’,
ḇūraṇu ‘to reduce to powder’; L. būr, būrā m. ‘pollen’;
P. būr m. ‘sawdust’; H. būr f. ‘sawdust’, būrā m.
‘powder’; G. būrũ n. ‘inferior sugar’; M. burā m.
‘mould’; — ext. —kk—: S. ḇurkaṇu ‘to powder’; P.
burkṇā ‘to sprinkle’; Ku. burko m. ‘powder’, burkaṇo ‘to
fill with powder’; N. burki ‘unhusked rice strewn along
the way a bier is carried to burning place’; H. burkī f.
‘pinch of dust’, buraknā ‘to sprinkle’; — redup.: S.
ḇurḇuri f. ‘pimples’; Ku. burburoṇo ‘to pulverize,
sprinkle with powder’, burburāṇo ‘to drizzle’; N. burbur
‘sprinkling’, burburinu ‘to become dry and dusty’; H.
burburnā, burburānā ‘to sprinkle’; M. burburṇẽ ‘to
drizzle’.
2. Ku. bhuro m. ‘coarse powder, chaff, sawdust’; B.
bhurā ‘sawdust’; Or. bhurā ‘powder’; H. bhurbhurānā
‘to sprinkle’.
*būla— ‘defective’ see bulvá—.
9299 *būsta— ‘lip’.
Paš.chil. būest ‘lip’, kuṛ. bes, lauṛ. bustū́ṛ, ar. bústƏṛ,
dar. bostaṛ, Shum. bṓstaṛ, Gau. bōt; K. buthu
m. ‘face’
(LM 402 wrongly < vaktra—); S. ḇūthu m. ‘mouth’,
ḇūthī f. ‘lower part of face’, ḇūthāṛī f. ‘id. (contemp-
tuous), muzzle for horse’; L. būth, m., būthī f. (Ju. ḇ—)
‘mouth or face of an animal’, (Ju.) ḇuthāṛ m. ‘face,
mouth’; P. būth m. ‘face of horse, camel, &c.’, būthā m.,
būthī f. ‘mouth or snout of an animal’.
*būssara— ‘defective’ see *bussa—.
Addenda: *būsta—: S.kcch. būth m. ‘mouth’.
9307 *bēṅga— ‘defective’. [Cf. *bhēkka—: see list s.v.
*bukka—4]
A. beṅā ‘idiotic’; B. beṅā ‘left—hand’; Or. beṅga ‘fetid
smell’; Bi. bẽgā, bẽ̆gwā ‘loose sandy sub—soil in which
a clay well does not work’ (semant. cf. *bhuḍḍa— and
*bhudda— in H.): all less likely < *víyaṅga— s.v.
vyàṅga—1.
*bēṭṭa— ‘small’, *bēḍa ‘defective’ see *biḍḍa—.
9311 *bōkk— ‘carry’. [Poss. < ‘carry on the back’: cf.
bukka—1 s.v. vr̥kká—]
Sh.koh. bōki̯ f. ‘load’; Ku. bokṇo ‘to carry’, N. boknu;
— A. bokosā ‘load carried on back’ or ← H. buqca ‘bag
for carrying things’?
Addenda: *bōkk—: S.kcch. bokṇū ‘to catch (something thrown)’;
Garh. bokṇu ‘to carry’.
*bōkka—2, *bōkkha— ‘defective’ see *bukka—4 Add2.
*bōḍa— ‘defective’ see *buṭṭa—1 Add2.
*bōḍayati see *buḍyati Add2.
9312 *bōkka—
1 ‘he—goat’. [Cf. bukka—2 m. ‘goat’ lex. Poss.
of IE. origin EWA ii 436: note phonetic parallelism
with ‘defective’ *bōkka—2 s.v. *bukka—4 and cf. Or. bodā
‘male goat or sheep’ ~ ‘defective’ *bōdda— s.v. *butta—]
Pk. bokkaḍa— m. ‘goat’; S. ḇoka f. ‘cry of a goat’,
ḇokijaṇu ‘to be with young (of goats)’; L. bok m. ‘bleat
of a goat’, (Ju.) ḇokaṇ ‘to bleat’; P. bok m. ‘goat’; Ku.
boko m. ‘goat’, bokyā m. ‘full grown goat’, bokyāṇ f.
‘smell of a he—goat’; N. boko ‘he—goat’, B. bokā; Or.
bokā, bukā ‘sheep or goat as sacrificial victim’; Bi. bokā
‘he—goat’, Mth. bokṛā; H. bok, °kā m. ‘ram’, bokrā m.
‘goat’; OG. bokaḍaü m. ‘he—goat’, G. bokṛũ n., M.
bokaḍ m. — ‘made of goatskin’: K. būkh, dat. būkas m.
‘well—bucket’, S. ḇoko m., L. bokā (Ju. ḇ—) m., P. bokkā
m., H. bokā m. ‘well—bucket (usu. of goatskin)’; G. bokh
f. ‘bucket’.
*bōkka—
2 ‘defective’ see *bukka—4.
9313 *bōkkasa— ‘name of a people’. [Cf. bukkasa— m. ‘a
man of the lowest stratum’ lex.]
Pk. bokkasa— m. ‘a non—Aryan people’; Ku. bogso
‘wizard’; N. bokso ‘wizard’, boksi ‘witch’.
*bōkkha—, *bōggha—, *bōṅga— ‘defective’ see
*bukka—4.
*bōcca—, *bōñca— ‘defective’ see *bucca—1.
*bōṭṭa—
1 ‘defective’ see *buṭṭa—1.
*bōṭṭa—
2 ‘bush’ see *būṭa—2.
*bōḍa— ‘defective’ see *buṭṭa—1.
*bōḍayati ‘immerses’ see *buḍyati.
*bōḍḍa— ‘defective’ see *buṭṭa—1.
*bōtta—, *bōttha—, *bōdda—, *bōddha— ‘defective’ see
*butta—.
9319 *bōbba— ‘dumb’. [Onom.]
A. B. bobā ‘dumb’, A. bubuwāiba ‘to speak indis-
tinctly’; Or. bobā ‘dumb, stammering’; G. bobṛũ
‘stammering’; M. bobḍā ‘lisping, speaking indistinctly’.
*bōra—
1 ‘defective’ see *bura—.
9320 *bōra—
2 ‘sacking, sack’. [Orig. ‘of goat's hair’ for which
jute was substituted esp. in the East. — Poss. <
bákura— RV. if this means ‘bag or bellows made of
goat skin’ (= bākurá— dŕ̥ti— RV., vākura— JaimBr.)]
Sh. borí f. ‘sack’; S. ḇoro m. ‘cloth made of goat's
hair, bag or sack made of the same (= ḇorī f.)’; L. bōrā
m. ‘large sack, measure of grain’, bōrī f. ‘bag made of
goat's or camel's hair’; P. borā m., borī f. ‘sack, coarse
bag (for pack animals)’; N. boro ‘sack’; B. Or. Bi. Mth.
H. borā m. ‘gunny bag (made of jute)’, H. borī f. ‘money
bag’; G. borɔ m. ‘a kind of carpet’; M. borā m. ‘stuff for
carpet or sack, sack made of it’, borī f. ‘money bag’.
bōlayati see *buḍyati.
Addenda: *bōra—2: WPah.kṭg. bori
f. ‘sack, bag’.
9326 *
brākati ‘bleats’. 2. *
blākkati. [Cf. ORuss.
blekati
‘to bleat’, IE.
blē IEW 102]
1. Kho. (Lor.)
bra
g sb. ‘bleating’,
bra
g
eik (O'Brien
"
brāgöik") ‘to bleat’; Sh. (Lor.)
brã ‘bleating’ (with
br-
retained in onom. word?).
2. Bshk.
lāk— ‘to bleat’, 3 sg. pres.
lākent.
9329 *bhakabhaka— ‘panting, puffing’. [Onom. cf. bhaka-
bhakāyatē ‘croaks’ Subhāṣ., bhakkikā— f. ‘cricket’ lex.]
P. bhakar—bhakar ‘greedily’; N. bhakbhak ‘stammer-
ingly’, bhakābhak ‘one mouthful after another’; B.
bhakbhak ‘gushingly’; Or. bhakbhak ‘chatter’; H.
bhakbhak f. ‘puffing’; G. M. bhakbhak ‘gushingly’.
9330 *
bhakkha— ‘lump’. 2. *
bhikkha—.
1. Ḍ.
b
*l/
kula ‘thick’ (Lorimer ḌumLg 150 wrongly
<
bahala—); Paš.dar.
bakoṭā́, ar.
ba
g
uṭṓ ‘stout, fat’;
Bshk.
bakū́l ‘strong, thick, fat’; Phal.
bhakulo ‘strong’;
Sh.pales.
bhāk ‘bull’; S.
bhakū m. ‘blockhead’,
bhakuo
‘stupid’; L.
bhakrain m. ‘hammer for breaking lumps of
earth’ (+?); P.
bhakūā ‘foolish’; Ku.
bhakuno ‘stock of
grain’; N.
bhakku ‘short stout man’,
bhakullo ‘chubby,
plump’,
bhakānu ‘lump, clod’,
bhakuṇḍo ‘wooden ball
used in a game’; B.
bhākus ‘stupid, awkward’; Or.
bhaku,
°kā,
°kuā ‘fool’,
bhākuṛi ‘short and stout’,
°ṛa ‘whoreson’;
Mth.
bhakkū ‘fool’, H.
bhakuā m.; G.
bhākhrɔ m. ‘lump
of bread’, M.
bhākar f.; Si.
baka ‘big’,
bakkā ‘big man
or animal’,
bakkan ‘large, plump, clumsy’.
2. P.
bhikk f.,
bhikkā m.,
bhikkaṛ m.f. ‘lump, clod of
earth’.
9365 *bhaṭ— ‘sudden movement or noise’. 2. *bhaṭṭ—. [Cf.
bhaṭabhaṭāyatē ‘gurgles’ Cat.]
1. H. bhaṛ m. ‘crackle, rush’; M. bhaḍ f. ‘crackling
fuel’; — redup.: P. bhaṛbhaṛī f. ‘alarm’; Ku. bhaṛbhaṛāṭ
m. ‘startling noise, crackling of fire’; Or. bhaṛabhaṛa
‘snuffling’; G. bhaṛbhaṛ ‘violently’, bhaṛābhaṛ ‘smartly’;
— ext. —kk—: Pk. bhaḍakka— m. ‘noise’; Paš. lāmbƏl—bṛāk
‘lightning’ IIFL iii 3, 110; S. bhaṛka f. ‘flash’, bhaṛkaṇu
‘to blaze’; P. bhaṛk f. ‘flash’, bhaṛkṇā ‘to be angry’; Ku.
bhaṛāk ‘blow’, bhaṛkaṇo ‘to be angry’; N. bharkanu ‘to
take fright, start’; A. bharak ‘boast, display’; B. bhaṛak
‘display’, Or. bhaṛaka; B. bhaṛkāna ‘to take fright’, Or.
bhaṛakibā; H. bhaṛak f. ‘flash, display’, bhaṛaknā ‘to be
excited, take fright’; G. bhaṛkũ n. ‘blaze’, bhaṛākɔ m.
‘crash, blaze’, bhaṛakvũ ‘to take fright, start’; M.
bhaḍak f. ‘display’, bhaḍakṇẽ ‘to blaze, take fright’.
2. G. M. bhaṭ ‘suddenly’; — ext. —kk—: S. bhaṭkaṇu,
bhiṭ° ‘to wander’; Ku. bhaṭkaṇo ‘to writhe’; N. bhaṭak
‘display’, bhaṛkanu ‘to start, rise (of penis)’; H. bha-
ṭaknā ‘to be restless’; G. bhaṭakvũ ‘to blaze, start’; M.
bhaṭakṇẽ ‘to wander’ (LM 377 < bhraṣṭa—).
bhaṭa— see bhr̥ta—.
bhaṭabhaṭāyatē see *bhaṭ—.
*bhaṭṭ— ‘sudden movement or noise’ see *bhaṭ—.
bhaṭṭa—
1 m. ‘lord’ see bhártr̥—.
Addenda: *bhaṭ—: OP. bhaṛathū m. ‘uproar’, P. bhaṛthū m.
(+?).
9368 *bhaḍḍu— ‘cooking vessel’. [Cf. bhāṇḍa—1]
P. bhaḍḍū m. ‘copper cooking vessel’, N. bhaḍḍu.
bhaṇati see bhánati.
9376 *bhaṇḍu— ‘hairless’. [‘Defective’ word (sanskritized
in bhadrākaraṇa—?): cf. list s.v. baṇḍá—]
Pa. bhaṇḍu— ‘bald, shaven’, Pk. bhaṁḍu— n. ‘shaving’;
N. rā̃ṛ—bhā̃ṛ ‘abusive term for a widow’, M. rā̃ḍ—bhā̃ḍ f.
bhaṇḍuka— see bhaṇṭuka—.
9382 *bhan—
2 ‘buzz’. 2. *bhin—. 3. *bhun—. [Onom. (cf.
bhāṇ ŚBr. ~ bhráṇati Dhātup.) replacing IE. *bhr̥m-
(see bhr̥ngā—) as in bhaṅkārī— ~ bhaṅgārī— f. ‘gadfly’ lex.]
1. L. bhaṇbhaṇ m. ‘buzz, hum’; Ku. bhaṇbhaṇāṇo ‘to
buzz’; N. bhanbhan ‘buzzing’, bhanbhanāunu ‘to mur-
mur, grumble’; A. bhanbhanāiba ‘to buzz’; B. bhanbhan
‘muttering’; Or. bhaṇabhaṇa ‘buzzing, muttering’;
Mth. bhanbhanābaṭi ‘a humming’; H. bhanbhanānā ‘to
mutter’, M. bhaṇbhaṇṇẽ; — ext. —kk—: Ku. bhaṇak
‘faint noise’, bhaṇkaṇo ‘to buzz’; N. bhanak ‘reproach’,
bhanakka ‘abruptly’, bhankanu ‘to stagger with anger,
abuse’; H. bhanak f. ‘hum, buzz’, G. bhaṇkɔ m., M.
bhaṇkā.
2. P. bhiṇbhiṇāuṇā ‘to buzz, swarm’; Ku. bhiṇ-
bhiṇāṇo ‘to buzz, hum’; H. bhinbhin f. ‘buzzing’; — ext.
—kk—: P. bhiṇakṇā ‘to buzz’; H. bhinaknā ‘to ring, buzz’.
3. S. bhuṇbhuṇi f. ‘buzzing’; P. bhuṇbhuṇā m. ‘a
partic. insect’; N. bhunbhun ‘buzzing of a fly’, bhunu-
bhunu ‘humming of a bumble bee’; A. bhunbhun
‘buzzing’, bhunbhunāiba ‘to buzz’.
9385 *bhandati ‘orders’. [Aryanized form of bhaṇḍatē
‘reviles’? — See bhánati]
Gaw. (LSI) bandaüs pret. ‘to order’, Kal. bhand—,
Kho. bandeik (→ Yid. bandawā́— IIFL ii 198: but Kho.
baṇḍēik NOGaw 31), Phal. band—, 2 sg. imper. bandaye
NOPhal 29.
9387 *
bhabbā— ‘apple’.
Gy. eur.
phab,
phabái f. ‘apple’, Ḍ.
b
*l
bāi f.; Wg.
babә́ŕ ‘pear (?)’; Dm.
bâbâ ‘apple’ AO viii 300,
babāi
NOPhal 28, Gaw.
bōbái, Bshk.
bōbä́i, Tor.
babaí f., Gau.
"
bàbou", Sv.
bōbái, Phal.
babái f.
9388 *bhabh— ‘blaze’. [Onom. Cf. bhambha— ‘aperture of
stove’ Car., ‘smoke’ lex.?]
S. bhabhaṛu, bhabhaṭu m. ‘flare’; N. bhabāunu ‘to
burn (esp. with pain)’; — ext. —kk—: S. bhabhaka f.
‘flare’; P. bhabak f. ‘glare’; H. bhabaknā ‘to burst into
flame’; G. bhabhkɔ m. ‘threat’; M. bhabakṇẽ ‘to rise (of
fire)’.
*bhama— ‘anger’ see bhā́ma—1.
9405 *bhal—
2 ‘bubble, swell’. 2. *bhar—. [Cf. √bhur,
*bhul—]
1. P. bhal f. ‘swelling’; N. bhal ‘rush of waters, flood’,
bhalnu ‘to toss up, throw for places (in games)’; -
redup.: N. bhalbhale ‘bubbling with a hiss’; M.
bhaḷbhaḷṇẽ ‘to gush forth’; — ext. —kk—: Ku. bhalko m.
‘bubble’, bhalkaṇo ‘to bubble’, bhalkyūṇo ‘to cook by
boiling’; N. bhalkanu intr. ‘to boil’.
2. H. bharbharānā, bhabhrānā ‘to swell’.
9489 *
bhicc— ‘press’.
H.
bhīcnā ‘to press, squeeze’; — ext. —
kk— and —
ḍ—:
G.
bhacakvũ ‘to be struck, to pierce’,
bhacaṛvũ ‘to press,
squeeze’. — Cf. G.
bhı̃svũ ‘to press’,
bh
e_
cɔ m. ‘crushing’.
*
BHIṬ ‘meet, throng’: *
bhiṭ—, *bhīṭ—, *bhēṭ—,
*bhēṭṭ—, *bhēl—, *bhēll—; *ābhiṭ—, *ābhēṭ—, *udbhiṭ—,
*saṁbhiṭ—; — cf. √*
miḍ, √mil. [Any connexion with
abhı̄́vr̥ta— ‘surrounded’ or
abhívartatē ‘approaches’ is
very unlikely. Poss. with √*
miḍ of Mu. origin PMWS
148 and with √
pīḍ (see Add.) if also of non—Aryan
origin. Sanskritized as
bhitra— n. ‘a dance’ Saṁgīt. ?]
9490 *
bhiṭ— ‘meet, throng’. 2. *
bhīṭ—. 3. *
bhēṭ—.
4. *
bhēṭṭ—. 5. *
bhēl—. 6. *
bhēll—. [√*
bhiṭ]
1. Pk.
bhiḍaï ‘meets, fights’; S.
bhiṛaṇu ‘to meet’,
bhiṛāiṇu ‘to mix’; L.
bhiṛaṇ ‘to fight’; P.
bhiṛṇā ‘to
fight’, caus.
bhiṛāuṇā; WPah.bhal.
bhiṛnū ‘to be tight’,
biṛ ‘near’ (with abnormal loss of aspiration in post-
position), cur.
bhiṛnā ‘to fight’; Ku.
bhiṛṇo ‘to quarrel
with’; N.
bhirnu ‘to put on, gird on’,
bhirāunu ‘to cause
to wear’; A.
bhirāiba ‘to tie (two buffaloes) together’;
B.
bhiṛā ‘to come close’,
bhiṛāna ‘to bring alongside’;
H.
bhiṛnā ‘to come close, embrace, fight’,
bhiṛānā ‘to
bring together’; G.
bhiṛvũ ‘to come close, fight’,
bhiṛāvvũ
‘to embrace’; M.
bhiḍṇẽ ‘to come close, fight’.
2. Pk.
bhīḍaï ‘meets, fights’; K.
bīr f. ‘crowd’, S.
bhīṛa f.; P.
bhīṛ ‘crowd’,
bhīṛnā ‘to close’; Ku.
bhīṛ ‘crowd’;
N.
bhiṛ (lw. with
ṛ); A.
bhir ‘pressure’,
bhiriba ‘to
press, crush, be bent’,
bhirāiba tr. ‘to bend’; B.
bhiṛ
‘crowd’; Or.
bhiṛa ‘crowd’,
bhiṛibā ‘to draw tight, hug,
tie’; Mth.
bhīrab ‘to tie’; Aw.lakh.
bhīr ‘crowd’, H. G.
bhīṛ f., M.
bhīḍ f.
3. S.
bheṛo ‘joined’; P.
bheṛnā ‘to close, compare’;
WPah.bhal.
bh
e_
ṛnū ‘to tighten’; H.
bheṛnā ‘to close in’
(→ N.
bheṛ ‘clash’),
bheṛū ‘quarrelsome’.
4. Pk.
bhiṭṭijjaï ‘meets’,
bhiṭṭaṇa— n. ‘present’; S.
bheṭaṇu ‘to complete’; P.
bheṭaṇ f. ‘procuress’; Ku.
bheṭṇo ‘to meet’; N.
bheṭnu ‘to meet’,
bheṭāunu ‘to fall in
with, accomplish’; A.
bheṭiba,
bhẽṭ° ‘to obstruct’,
bheṭā
‘dam’; B.
bheṭā ‘to meet’, Or.
bheṭibā, Mth.
bheṭab,
bhẽṭ°,
OAw.
bheṁṭaï, H.
bheṭnā, G.
bheṭvũ, M.
bheṭṇẽ; — Pk.
bhiṭṭā— f. ‘present’ (semant. cf.
upāyana—), S.
bheṭa f., P.
bheṭ f.; Ku.
bheṭaulī f. ‘presents sent to sister in month of
Cait’; N. A. B. Or.
bheṭi ‘a present’ (A. also
bhẽṭi); Mth.
bhẽṭ ‘interview’; OAw.
bheṁṭa f. ‘present’, lakh.
bhē̃ṭ,
H.
bheṭī f.; G.
bheṭ f. ‘meeting’,
bheṭiyɔ m. ‘bearer of a
gift’; M.
bheṭ f. ‘meeting, present’. — WPah. (Joshi)
mhiṭṇu,
miṭṇu ‘to meet’ X
milṇu <
miláti.
5. Pk.
bhēlēi ‘mixes’, caus.
bhēlavia—; H.
bhel f.
‘mixture’; G.
bheḷ m. ‘mixture’,
bheḷũ ‘mixed up’,
bheḷavvũ ‘to mix’; M.
bheḷ f. ‘mixture’,
bheḷṇẽ tr. and
intr. ‘to mix’.
6. N.
bhelā ‘crowd’; B.
bhel ‘deception’; Or.
bhela
‘alloy, deception’; M.
bhelṇẽ tr. and intr. ‘to mix’.
Addenda: *
bhiṭ—. 1. WPah.kṭg. (Wkc.)
bhiṛnõ; ‘to put on, wear’,
caus.
bƏṛh
e\
uṇõ; ‘to clothe’.
4. *
bhēṭṭ—: S.kcch.
bheṭṇū ‘to embrace’, Garh.
bhẽṭṇu; OMarw.
bheṭi f. ‘meeting, embrace’. — X
mil: WPah.kṭg.
miṭhṇõ; ‘to meet, gather, be possessed
(by the god), dance ecstatically’, J.
mhiṭṇu,
miṭṇu ‘to
meet’; — kṭg.
meṭṇõ; tr. ‘to gather, roll together’,
meṭhṇõ; intr. ‘to gather, meet’.
5. *
bhēl—: S.kcch.
bherṇū ‘to mix’.
9491 *
bhiṭṭa— ‘mound’. 2. *
bhīṭa—. 3. *
bhiṇḍa—.
1. S.
bhiṭa f. ‘sandhill’; Ku.
bhiṭo m. ‘ridge, terrace,
upper side of field’,
bhiṭuko m. ‘ridge, terrace, hillock’;
N.
bhiṭo ‘wall holding up a terraced field’; B.
bhiṭā
‘mound, mound on a ruined site, homestead’ (in last
sense ODBL 66 refers to OB. cmpds. with —
hiṭṭi—,
—
viṭṭi— and Tam.
viḍu,
viṭṭu ‘house’); H.
bhīṭ f. ‘em-
bankment’.
2. Ku.
bhīṛ,
bhiṛo ‘terrace, wall’; N.
bhir ‘steep slope,
precipice’.
3. Mth.
bhı̄̃ṛ,
bhı̃ṛwā ‘mound round a tank’.
*
bhiṇḍa— ‘mound’ see prec.
Addenda: *
bhiṭṭa—. 4. †;*
bhiṇṭa—: WPah.kṭg.
bhìndi
f., poet.
bhrinde f. ‘stone fence round threshing floor’.
5. †;*
bhēṭṭa—: A.
bhẽṭā (phonet.
bh
e_
ta) ‘dam,
enclosure’ AFD 214, 421,
bhẽṭi (phonet.
bhẽti) ‘site of
a house’ AFD 202.
†;*
bhiṇṭa— ‘mound’ see *
bhiṭṭa—.
9517 *bhīla— ‘dreadful’. [bhīra— ‘intimidating’ Śiś. Cf.
bhīrú— ~ bhīlu—. — √bhī]
Mai.ky. bhīl m. ‘fear’, Chil. bihil f. (Buddruss Kan
46 < bhīti— with l—suffix).
9519 *bhukkhara— ‘defective’. 2. *bhūkka—. 3. *bhōṅka—
1.
[See list s.v. *bukka—4]
1. G. bhūkhar ‘unproductive, barren’.
2. S. bhūku m. ‘blockhead’.
3. H. bhõ;kṛā ‘very large and fat’; — bhõ;kas m.
‘wizard’ rather < *bōkkasa—.
9524 *bhucca— ‘defective’. 2. *bhuccara—. 3. *bhuccha—.
4. *bhujjara—. 5. *bhōcca—. [Cf. *bucca—1: see list
s.v. *bukka—4]
1. S. bhū̆cu ‘long—haired, having long straggling hair’,
m. ‘long tangled hair’, bhūcu m. ‘fool’; P. bhucc ‘igno-
rant, fat’; Ku. bhuc ‘foolish, rude, uncivilized’, bhuco
‘young shoot or plant, stalk’; N. bhuccuk ‘ignorant,
foolish’; H. bhuc m. ‘clown, blockhead’; G. bhuciyɔ
‘brittle’.
2. P. bhuccar m. ‘corpulent man’; Ku. bhucrīṇo ‘to be
dwarfed, be stunted’; — Woṭ. basṓr ‘vulva’?
3. S. bucho, buchiṛo ‘ugly, bad, wicked’.
4. Ku. bhujrīṇo ‘to become dwarfish’.
5. Bshk. boč ‘vulva’, Sv. boiču; A. bhosoko ‘stumpy’.
*bhuccara—, *bhuccha— ‘defective’ see prec.
BHUJ
1 ‘bend’: bhukti—1, bhugna—1, bhúja—, bhu-
jaṁga—; *udbhukta—, nibhugna—1, *nibhujyatē, *ni-
bhuñjati.
BHUJ
2 ‘enjoy’: *bubhukṣaka—, bubhukṣatē, bu-
bhukṣā—, bubhukṣitá—, bubhukṣu—, bhukta—, bhukti—2,
*bhugna—2, bhujyatē, bhuñjatē, bhṓga—, bhōgin—,
bhṓgya—, bhōjá—, bhṓjatē, bhṓjana—, bhōjyà—;
abhukta—, *abhugna—, *nibhugna—2, *samābhukta—.
Addenda: *bhucca—. 3. *bhuccha—: S.kcch. bhucchap f. ‘shame,
inferiority’.
*bhuccha— ‘defective’ see *bhucca— Add2.
BHUJ2: †;bhujyú—.
bhuja—: †;*bhujārgalā—.
9530 *bhuṭṭa— ‘defective’. 2. *bhuṭṭha—. 3. *bhuḍa—.
4. *bhuḍḍa—. 5. *bhuṇṭa—. 6. *bhuṇṭha—. 7.
*bhuṇḍa—
1. 8. *bhōṭṭa—. 9. *bhōḍa—. 10. *bhōḍḍa—.
11. *bhōṇṭa—. 12. *bhōṇḍa—. [Cf. *bhutta—2,
*buṭṭa—1: see list s.v. *bukka—4]
1. S. bhuṭu ‘ruined’ (or < bhr̥ṣṭa—2); N. bhũṭu ‘care-
less’; A. bhuṭkrā ‘dwarf in stature’; B. bhuṭa ‘ruined’.
2. G. bhūṭhũ ‘scared, ashamed’.
3. N. bhuro ‘young (of fish)’, sb. ‘small boy’, bhuri
‘small girl’, bhure ‘small, young’; G. bhuṛkas ‘little
children’.
4. S. bhuḍ̱o ‘toothless’; H. bhūṛ f. ‘soil of the fourth
quality, sandy soil’ (cf. bhūdā < *bhudda— s.v. *bhutta—2),
bhūṛā m. ‘sand, dust’; Si. buḍḍayā ‘fool’ (or < *buḍḍha—1).
5. P. bhuṇḍā ‘ugly’; Ku. bhũṛū ‘foolish, rude’.
6. G. bhũṭhũ ‘humiliated’.
7. Ku. bhunlo ‘hornless, simple’ (or < *bhunda—);
Bi. bhū̃ṛā, bhũṛwā ‘hornless bullock’, bhũṛiyā ‘beardless
wheat’ (cf. mũṛiyā < muṇḍa—); H. bhū̃ḍ, °ḍā ‘ugly’,
bhuṇḍā ‘hornless’; G. bhũḍũ ‘bad’; M. bhũḍā ‘hornless,
bare’.
8. Or. bhoṭi ‘corpulent’; G. bhoṭ m. ‘fool’.
9. Phal. bhūru ‘deaf’ (or < *bōḍa—).
10. L. bhoḍā ‘hornless’, awāṇ. bhoḍā ‘having an ugly
face or forehead’; P. bhoḍā ‘hornless’, roḍā—bhoḍā
‘shaven—headed’.
11. P. bhoṇḍā ‘ugly’; H. bhõ;ṭā ‘blunt, stupid’.
12. H. bhõ;ḍ ‘ugly’, m. ‘dung—beetle’, bhõ;ḍā ‘ugly’;
M. bhõ;ḍā ‘decrepit’.
*bhuṭṭha—, *bhuḍa—, *bhuḍḍa—, *bhuṇṭa—,
*bhuṇṭha—, bhuṇḍa—
1 ‘defective’ see prec.
9532 *bhutta—
2 ‘defective’. 2. *bhuttara—. 3. *bhudda—.
4. *bhuntha—. 5. *bhunda—. 6. *bhōtta—. 7. *bhōttha—.
8. *bhōdda—. 9. *bhōntha—. 10. *bhōnthara—.
11. *bhōnda—. [Cf. *bhuṭṭa—, *butta—: see list s.v.
*bukka—4]
1. L. bhutān ‘stupid’; Ku. bhuto ‘stump of a plant,
stick, millet stems (after cutting)’, bhutāṛo ‘rag’; N.
bhutte ‘blunt’; Or. bhutā ‘stupid’.
2. N. bhutro ‘penis (used in abuse)’; H. bhutrā ‘blunt’.
3. H. bhūdā m. ‘light sandy soil’ (cf. bhūr < *bhuḍḍa
s.v. *bhuṭṭa—).
4. G. bhũthũ ‘ugly’.
5. WPah. (Joshi) bhũdu m. ‘fool’; Ku. bhunlo ‘horn-
less, simple’ (or < *bhuṇḍa—1); N. bhunu ‘very small’;
B. bhũdo—mukho ‘swollen—faced’; Or. bhundaṛ ‘stupid’.
6. P. bhoto m. ‘simpleton’; A. B. H. bhotā ‘blunt’.
7. Mth. bhŏthrā ‘patchwork quilt’ (semant. cf. Bi.
lẽdrā ‘id.’ < *lēnda— s.v. *litta—); H. bhothā ‘blunt’; G.
bhothaṛ m. ‘simpleton’.
8. A. bhodā ‘dull, simple, foolish’.
9. B. bhõ;tā ‘blunt’, H. bhõ;thā.
10. H. bhõ;thrā ‘blunt’.
11. B. bhõ;dā, bhõ;daṛ ‘stupid’; Or. bhondaṛa ‘scowling,
foolish’; H. bhõ;dū ‘silly, artless’; — S. bhaũdū ‘silly’
(aũ?).
*bhuttara—, *bhudda— ‘defective’ see prec.
*bhun— ‘buzz’ see *bhan—2.
*bhuntha—, bhunda— ‘defective’ see *bhutta—2.
Addenda: *bhutta—
2. 3. *bhudda—: S.kcch. bhūdh f. ‘pot—belly’,
bhūdho m. ‘belly’, or < *bhuṇḍa—2.
7. *bhōttha—: S.kcch. bhotho m. ‘fool’.
*bhudda— ‘defective’ see *bhutta—2 Add2.
9533 *bhubbhala— ‘burning ember’.
P. bhubbal f. ‘burning ember’, N. bhubro, bhumro, H.
bhūbhal, °bal m.
BHUR ‘more quickly’: bhuraṇyú—, bhuráti; -
*bhurvati, *bhul—; — bhr̥ṇā́ti
2?
9537 *bhul— ‘bubbling’. [Cf. √bhur, *bhal—2]
N. bhulla ‘suddenly’, bhulbhulinu ‘to spout out’,
bhulko ‘spouting up (of water)’, bhulukka ‘bubblingly’;
B. bhulkā ‘spring of water’; — H. bhulasnā ‘to be
burnt’?
9538 *
bhull— ‘err, forget’. 2. *
bhōl— ‘lead astray’. [L. A.
Schwarzschild JAOS 77, 206 Pk.
bhulla— replaced
*
bhuṭṭha— <
bhr̥ṣṭa—
2 ‘fallen’: doubtful]
1. Pk.
bhulla— ‘forgotten’,
bhullaï ‘falls, errs’; K.
bulun ‘to be led astray’; S.
bhulaṇu ‘to err, forget’; L.
bhullaṇ ‘to lose the way, err’, P.
bhullṇā; Ku.
bhulṇo ‘to
err, forget’, gng.
bhulãṛ̃, N.
bhulnu, A.
bhuliba, B.
bhulā, Or.
bhulibā; Mth.
bhūlab ‘to go astray, err’; Bhoj.
bhulal ‘to forget’; OAw.
bhūlaï ‘goes astray, errs, for-
gets’, H.
bhūlnā, OMarw.
bhūlaï, G.
bhulvũ, M.
bhulṇẽ.
2. Pk.
bhōlaï,
bhōlavaï ‘deceives’; Mth.
bhorala ‘he
forgot, was bewildered’,
bhor ‘forgetful’ (cf. *
bhōla—);
G.
bhoḷavvũ ‘to deceive’.
Addenda: *
bhull—. 1. S.kcch.
bhūlṇū ‘to forget’; WPah.kṭg.
bhū̀l
f. ‘mistake’, kṭg. (kc.)
bhulṇõ; ‘to be mistaken, forget’;
Garh.
bhulṇu ‘to forget’.
2. *
bhōl—: WPah.kṭg.
nƏbhòḷpi
e, °
pƏṇi
e ‘innocently,
inadvertently’.
9539 *bhulla— ‘defective’. 2. *bhōla— (bhōla— m. ‘a mixed
caste’ lex.). 3. *bhōlla—. [Cf. *bhōra—, bulvá—: see list
s.v. *bukka—4]
1. Ku. bhulo ‘simple, frank, honest’.
2. Pk. bhōla— ‘straightforward’; S. bhoro ‘foolish’;
L.awāṇ. P. bhōlā ‘simple—minded’; Or. bhoḷa ‘maddened,
enchanted’, sb. ‘forgetfulness’ (cf. *bhōl—), bhoḷā ‘mad,
intoxicated’; Mth. bhorā ‘bewildered, forgetful’; OAw.
bhorā ‘simple’; G. bhoḷũ ‘foolish, credulous’; M. bhoḷā
‘foolish’; Ko. bhoḷo ‘simple’; — altern. < *bhōlla—:
WPah. (Joshi) bholā ‘simple—minded’; Ku. bholo
‘simple, artless’; N. bholo ‘foolish’; A. bholā ‘foolish,
simple, frank, peaceful’; H. bholā ‘foolish, guileless’; Si.
bol ‘chaff’ (for this meaning see busa—).
3. S. bholo ‘foolish’, Or. bholā; OAw. bholī f. adj.
‘simple’; — forms of Ku. N. A. H. Si. s.v. *bhōla-
above.
*bhusa— ‘chaff’ see busa—.
*bhusakuṭaka— ‘chaff—store’ see *busakuṭikā—.
Addenda: *bhulla—. 2. *bhōla—: OP. bholattaṇu m. ‘simplicity’;
WPah.kṭg. (kc.) bhòḷɔ ‘simple minded, honest, dull’;
OMarw. (Vīsaḷa) f.adj. bhoḷī ‘simple’.
3. *bhōlla—: WPah.J. bholā ‘simple’.
9545 *bhussa—
1 ‘defective’. 2. *bhussara—. 3. *bhōssa—.
[Cf. *bussa—, and *bhussa—2 ‘chaff’ s.v. busa—: see list
s.v. *bukka—4]
1. L.awāṇ. bhussā ‘pale’; Ku. bhus ‘foolish, wild, un-
civilized, rude’, bhūs, bhuso ‘blasted grain’ (as ‘chaff’ <
*bhussa—2 s.v. busa—), bhusīṇo ‘to lose energy’ (or <
bhŕ̥śyati), bhusṛo ‘penis’, bhusṛī ‘vulva’; N. bhusāhā
‘worthless’.
2. L. (Shahpur) bhusra ‘grey’, m. ‘sandstone’; H.
bhusrā m. ‘inferior kind of wheat’.
3. P. bhosṛā m., °ṛī f. ‘large vulva’; Ku. bhosṛo ‘penis’,
bhosṛī ‘vulva’; B. bhõ;s ‘fool’; H. bhosṛā m., °ṛī f. ‘large
vulva (term of abuse to women)’; G. bhos, bhoś, bhosṛī f.,
°ṛɔ m. ‘vulva’, M. bhosḍī, bhõ;sḍī f. — These words are
prob. independent of bhasád— f.
*bhussa—
2 ‘chaff’ see busa—.
*bhussara— ‘defective’ see *bhussa—1.
BHŪ ‘become’: bhavá—, bhávati, bhavana—, bhávant—,
bhavantī—, bhavita—, bhaviṣyánt—, bhāvá—, bhāvana—,
bhāvayati, bhū́—, bhūtá—, bhūtí—, bhū́man—, bhūmyá—,
bhū́yas, bhū́yiṣṭha—; abhíbhavati, udbhava—, ud-
bhūta—, párābhavati, páribhūti—, prabhavá—, prabhú—,
prábhūta—, *prōdbhava—, saṁbhavá—, sáṁbhavati,
saṁbhāvayati.
Addenda: *bhussa—
1. 2. *bhussara—: OP. bhusarī f. ‘bread’, P.
bhusrī f.
BHŪ: †;udbhāva—, †;prábhavati, †;*prabhāvyatē.
9551 *bhūṇḍa— ‘pig’. 2. *bhūḍḍa—. 3. *bundi—. [Cf. ‘de-
fective’ and ‘belly’ words *bhuṇḍa—1, 2, *bhuḍḍa—,
*bunda—2?]
1. Pk. bhuṁḍa—, bhoṁḍa— m. ‘pig’, bhuṁḍī—, °ḍiṇī— f.,
°ḍīra— m., L. bhūn, bhūṇḍ f., mult. bhūṇḍin f., (Shahpur)
bhoṇ, bhū̃ḍ f., N. bhuni f., OG. bhūṁḍa m., G. bhũḍ n.,
bhũḍaṇ f.
2. S. bhūḍ̱iṇi f.
3. Pk. buṁdi— m.f. (see also *bunda—2).
Addenda: *bhūṇḍa—: S.kcch. bhūṇḍhaṇ f. ‘sow’.
9571 *bhūva— ‘fine hair’. [In Drav. cf. Mal. pūṭa ‘down of
birds, wool, fine hair’, Nk. būr ‘down, fine feathers’, &c.
DED 3575?]
N. bhuwā ‘fine down on body of young animal’; B.
bhuyā ‘mildew’; Bi. bhūā ‘hair on ear of maize, hairy
worm’; H. bhūwā, bhūā m. ‘a sort of downy cotton from
the tree Bombax heptaphyllum, cotton—wool, cater-
pillar’, bhuī f. ‘a sort of insect or caterpillar’; Si. bū
‘hairy (of plants)’, būva ‘down on leaves or fruit or
insects’.
BHŪṢ ‘adorn’: bhūṣaṇa—, bhūṣā—.
9574 *bhūsa— ‘fine rain’.
M. bhusẽ n. ‘drizzling rain’; — ext. —r—: P. bhūhar f.
‘fine rain’.
BHR̥ ‘bear’: bhaṭa— bhára—, bháraṇa—, bháraṇī—,
bharata—, bhárati, *bharitr̥—, bhártr̥—, bhāṭa—,
bhāṭi—, bhārá—, *bhāraṇa—, bhāratara—, bhārayati,
bhārika—1, bhārika—2, bhārin—, *bhārta—, *bhārti—,
bhr̥ta—, bhr̥tí—, bhriyátē; apabharati, *abhāriya—,
abhr̥ta—, ávabharatē, ābharaṇa—, ā́bharati, ābhr̥ta—,
*udbhara—, údbharati, *udbhāra—, *udbhārayati,
*udbhr̥ta—, durbhara—, *nibharati, prábhr̥ta—, prā-
bhr̥ta—, sáṁbharati, saṁbhārá—, sáṁbhr̥ta—, saṁ-
bhr̥ti—.
Addenda: *bhūsa— ‘fine rain’ same as *bhussa—1, *bhussara-
‘defective’ (L. bhusra ‘grey’), †;busá—2 ‘bad weather
(opp. svàr)’ RV. ~ *bhusa—, *bhussa—2, busa
‘chaff’.
BHR̥: †;bharma—; †;úpabharatē.
9601 *
bhēkka—
1 ‘defective’. 2. *
bhēṅka—. 3. *
bhēṅga—.
[Cf. *
bēṅga—: see list s.v. *
bukka—
4]
1. Ku.
bhekuwā ‘foolish, blunted, unlettered’,
bhekal,
bheklo ‘foolish, lazy, unreliable’,
bh
e
kaluwā
‘foolish’; A.
bhekerā ‘blunt’.
2. A.
bhẽko ‘foolish, stupid’.
3. S.
bhı̄̃ga f. ‘waste’; L.
bhêṅgā ‘squinting’, Ju.
bhẽgā, awāṇ.
bh
e
ṅgā, WPah.bhal.
bh
e
ṅgro; N.
bhyāṅga
‘ugliness’; A.
bheṅgurā ‘crooked’; B.
bheṅguṛā ‘crippled’,
bheṅgāna ‘to grimace’; H.
bhẽgā ‘squinting’.
*
bhēkka—
2 ‘frog’ see
bhḗka—.
9602 *bhēkkha— ‘lump’. 2. *bhēgga—. [Cf. *bhēlla— and
‘defective’ word—group s.v. *bhēkka—]
1. G. bhekhaṛ f. ‘lump, mass’.
2. G. bheg m. ‘mixture’, bhegũ ‘collected, mixed
together’.
*bhēgga— ‘lump’ see prec.
*bhēṅka—, *bhēṅga— ‘defective’ see *bhēkka—1.
9603 *bhējj— ‘send’. [Not with P. Tedesco JAOS 65, 154 <
visarjayati, but poss. < *(a)bhi—ajyatē ‘is led to’
(abhyàjati RV.): √aj; or < MIA. *bhejjēti anal. caus. to
*bhijjati < *(a)bhi—iyati ‘approaches’ (abhyḕti RV. and
abhiyāpayati ‘sends’ BhP.): √i
2]
Ḍ. biǰālina ‘to send’, K.rām. ḍoḍ. bhej—, P. bhejṇā,
WPah.bhad. bhal. bhej̈ṇū, khaś. bhej̈—, Ku. bhejṇo, N.
bhejnu, B. bhejā, Or. bhejibā, Mth. bhejab, H. bhejnā,
OMarw. bhejaï.
*bhēṭ—, *bhēṭṭ— ‘meet’ see *bhiṭ—.
Addenda: *bhējj—: WPah.kṭg. (kc.) bhèj̈ṇõ; ‘to cause (to be
done), make (somebody do something)’.
bhēḍa—
3 see bēḍā— Add2.
9605 *bhēḍa—
2 ‘defective’. [Cf. *biḍḍa—, *bhēdda—: see list
s.v. *bukka—4]
Ku. bheṛ ‘idiot, foolish, rude’; A. bherā ‘dull—headed’,
bheruwā ‘dull, stupid, timid’.
bhēḍa—
3 ‘raft’ see bēḍā—.
9612 *bhēdda— ‘defective’. [Cf. *bhēḍa—2: see list s.v.
*bukka—4]
Or. bhedo ‘corpulent’.
9614 *bhēna— ‘honey’. [Cf. Bal. bēnag ‘honey’ (but Orm.
pīn): IE. *bhei— ‘bee’ NTS xii 159 with (?)]
Dm. bin ‘honey’, binaká ‘bee’ (← Ir. NTS v 41); Paš.
lauṛ. &c. bēn, ar. bēen ‘honey’, Shum. bƏen IIFL iii 3, 35.
bhēraṇḍa— see phēru—.
9618 *bhēlla—
2 ‘lump’. [Cf. *bhēkkha— and ‘defective’ word-
group s.v. bhēla—2]
P. bhellā m. ‘lump’; A. bhel ‘corpse’; Or. H. bhelā m.
‘lump, clod’.
Addenda: *bhēlla—
2 ‘lump’. [Cf. †;*bhēḍa—4]
WPah.poet. bhelle f. ‘lump of molasses’.
9619 *bhēsa— ‘defective’. 2. *bhēsara—. [Cf. *bhussa—:
see list s.v. *bukka—4]
1. Ku. bhyās, bhesaṛ ‘foolish, rude, uncivilized’; A.
bhẽhiyāiba ‘to make faces’; Or. bhesaṛā ‘ugly’.
2. Or. bhesarā ‘ugly’.
9624 *bhōkka— ‘hollow’. 2. *bhōṅka—2. 3. *bhōṅga—.
[See list s.v. *pōka—]
1. Ku. bhokro, bhokāro ‘hollow, concave’; G. bhok n.
‘hole’, bhokvũ ‘to pierce’, bhokārũ n. ‘hollowness’; M.
bhok n. ‘hole’, bhokū m. ‘perforation’, bhokṇẽ ‘to pierce’,
bhoksā m. ‘rude gap’; Si. boku ‘hollow, oval’.
2. N. bhwāṅ ‘hole’, H. bhõ;k m. ‘stab’; G. bhõ;k m.
‘hole’; M. bhõ;k m. ‘hollowness’.
3. M. bhõ;gaḷ, bhõ;gḷā ‘hollow, loose’, bhõ;gḷī f. ‘hollow
of a tube’.
9632 *bhōṭṭīya— ‘Tibetan’. [bhōṭīya— lex. — See bhauṭṭa—]
Ku. bhoṭiyā ‘inhabitant of the higher mountains of
Kumaon’ (~ huṇiyā ‘Tibetan’ < hūṇa—); N. bhoṭe
‘Tibetan’; A. bhuṭīyā ‘living in Bhutan’, Or. bhuṭiā.
*bhōḍa—, *bhōḍḍa—, *bhōṇṭa—, *bhōṇḍa— ‘defective’
see *bhuṭṭa—.
*bhōtta—, *bhōttha—, *bhōdda—, *bhōntha—, *bhōn-
thara—, *bhōnda— ‘defective’ see *bhutta—2.
9633 *bhōra— ‘defective’. [~ *bhōla—. Cf. *bura—: see list
s.v. *bukka—4]
L.khet. bhōrā ‘deaf’; N. bhor ‘deception’; Si. boru
‘false’, boruva ‘a lie’ (P. Goldschmidt IA 6, 325 wrongly
< aparādha—).
9634 *bhōrā—, *bhōlā— ‘daybreak’. [Cf. bhōlā—nātha— m.
‘name of Śiva as husband of Uṣas’, bhaulī— f. ‘name of
a musical mode’]
P. bhor m. ‘dawn’, N. B. bhor, Or. bhora, Mth. H. G.
bhor f.; — Ku. bhol ‘tomorrow’, N. bholi.
*bhōl— ‘lead astray’ see *bhull—.
*bhōla—, *bhōlla— ‘defective’ see *bhulla—.
*bhōlā— ‘daybreak’ see *bhōrā—.
Addenda: *bhōrā: Garh. bhoḷ ‘tomorrow’.
*bhōl— ‘mislead’ see *bhull— Add2.
*bhōla—, *bhōlla— ‘defective’ see *bhulla— Add2.
9635 *bhōsa— ‘hollow’. [Cf. *phōssa—. — For other ‘hollow’
words see list s.v. *pōka—]
B. bhõ;s ‘abyss’; M. bhosṇẽ ‘to thrust into’, bhõ;skaṭ n.
‘gap in wall or fence’; Si. buhuru ‘hole, pit’ (< *bhō-
sara—? — ES 63 wrongly < vivara—).
*bhōssa— ‘defective’ see *bhussa—1.
9680 *bhrāru— ‘bear’. [So NTS xvii 238, comparing H.
bhālū < bhallū́ka— q.v.]
Wg. brō̤, burū ‘black bear’ (ND 480 b 36 wrongly <
*bhrūra—).
BHRĀŚ ‘shine’: *bhrāśa—.
9690 *bhrūra— ‘brown’. [IE. *bhrū—ro— ~ *bhrū—no— IEW
136. — See babhrú—]
Sh. (Lor.) buro ‘(of horse or cow) whitish’ (br— dissim.
to b— or ← Ind.); K. bura m. ‘coarse white sugar’; S.
bhūro ‘brownish, whitish’; L. P. bhūrā ‘brown’; Ku.
bhū̆ro ‘white, fair’, bhuriyā ‘white people, Englishmen’;
N. bhuro ‘brown’; B. Or. bhurā ‘brown sugar’, Bi.
bhūrā; H. bhūrā ‘brown’; G. bhūrũ ‘brown, white’; M.
bhurā ‘light brown’; — ext. —ḍ—: N. bhurrā ‘black and
white pigeon’; Bi. bhūrrā ‘brown sugar’; — —ll—: Mth.
bhulla ‘light brown’; — —kk—: M. bhurkā ‘dirty white’.
Addenda: *bhrūra— [Cf. Ir. *barwa— (or *b(r)ūra—?) Shgh. vů̄r
‘brown’, Yaghn. vur, Mj. vūr, Pers. būr EVSh 85]
WPah.kṭg. bƏrhìḷɔ ‘brown (or bay?)’.
9701 *maggara— ‘back of head or neck’.
P. magar m. ‘back of shoulder, back’; WPah.pāḍ.
magir ‘head’, paṅ. magar.
Addenda: *maggara—: WPah.kṭg. mɔgrɔ, poet. mɔgru m. ‘the
part of an animal's neck nearest the head’.
*maṅkuṇa— see matkuṇa—1 Add2.
*macya— see *macyatē Add2.
9709 *macc— ‘sound of cracking or smacking’. [Onom. -
Cf. *maṭṭ—]
P. macc m. ‘smacking sound in eating’; B. mac ‘creak-
ing’; M. maċmaċ f. ‘creaking of jaws’; — ext. —kk—: P.
macak f. ‘smacking sound’, macakṇā ‘to make such a
sound in eating’; N. mackanu ‘to creak’; B. mackāna ‘to
be wrenched’; Or. macakibā, makacibā ‘to wrench,
crush, tread’; H. macaknā ‘to creak’.
*macya— ‘to be kindled’ see next.
9714 *majjhika— ‘boatman’. [Cf. maṅga—?]
N. mājhi, mā̃jhi ‘boatman’; A. māzi ‘steersman’, B.
māji; Or. mājhi ‘steersman’, majhiā ‘boatman’, Bi. Mth.
H. mā̃jhī m.
*majjhra— ‘marrow’ see majján—.
9722 *maṭ— ‘crackle, snap’. 2. *maṭṭ—. [Onom. — Cf.
maṭā̆maṭāyati Gr., maḍamaḍiti Bālar., *macc—]
1. B. maṛmaṛ ‘crashing noise’; — ext. —kk—: P.
maṛkaṇā ‘to break in folding’; N. markanu ‘to be
sprained’; B. maṛkā ‘brittle’.
2. S. maṭijaṇu ‘to be angered’; A. B. maṭ ‘sound of
snapping’; Or. maṭmaṭ ‘staring with wide—opened eyes’;
G. maṭmaṭāvũ ‘to open and close quickly’; M. maṭmaṭ
‘sound of quick movement’; — ext. —kk—: P. maṭakṇā
‘to crackle, behave affectedly’; N. maṭakka ‘absolutely’;
B. maṭkāna ‘to crack’; Or. maṭkā ‘fragile’; H. maṭaknā
‘to twinkle’.
*maṭṭ— ‘crackle’ see prec.
9723 *maṭṭa— ‘defective’. 2. *maṭṭara—2. 3. *maṭṭha—1.
4. *maṭṭhara—. 5. *maṭha— (in maṭhara— ‘drunk’ lex.,
‘insistent’ Rājat.). 6. *maḍa— (maṭa— m. ‘son of a
Vaiśya and a Kuṭī’ lex., maṭaha— ‘little, poor’ Yaśast.,
maṭūṣikā—, v. ll. ma(ṇ)ḍū°, ma(n)dhū° f. ‘dwarfish girl’
Gr̥S.). 7. *maḍḍa—. 8. *maṇṭa—. 9. *maṇṭha—.
10. *maṇṭhara—. 11. *maṇḍa—4. 12. *māḍa—1.
13. *māḍha—. 14. *māṇa—. 15. *māṇḍha—. [Cf.
other ‘defective’ word—groups with initial m—: *mat-
thara— (*madda—, *maddha—, *manthara—, manda—,
mandara—, *mandhyara—), malvá—, *mēṅga—1, *mēcca—,
*miḍḍa— (*miṇḍha—1, *mēṭṭa—1, *mēṇḍa—1, *mēṇḍha—1),
*mitta— (*middha—, mindā́—, *mindha—, *mindhara—,
*mīna—, *mēdda—1), *mēssa—, mū́ka— (*mūga—, *mukka—2,
*mukkara—, *mugga—, *muṅga—, *mōkka—, *mōgga—),
*muccha— (*mōccha—), *muṭṭa—1 (*muṭṭha—1, *muṭṭhara—,
*muḍa—, *muḍḍa—, *muḍḍha—1, *muṇṭa—, *muṇṭara—,
muṇḍa—1, *muṇḍha—, *muṇḍhara—, *mōṭṭa—1, *mōṭṭha—,
*mōṭṭhara—, *mōḍḍa—, *mōṇḍa—), *mutta— (*muttha—1,
*mutthara—1, *munna—, *mōtthara—1, *mōdda—1, *mōddha—),
*mussa—. — Similar series s. vv. kuṇṭha—, *ṭuṇṭa—2,
*naṭṭa—, baṇḍá—, *bukka—4, *rakka—, *lakka—1, vaṇṭa—2,
*śaṭṭa—]
1. Pk. maṭṭa— ‘hornless’; Mai. māṭ, ky. mā̆ṭ ‘boy,
youth’ (Buddruss Kan 62 < márta—, but cf. K. WPah.
words for ‘child’ < *maṭṭha—1 below, and generally very
many ‘defective’ groups which provide words for
‘child’); B. māṭa ‘slow, sluggish’.
2. S. maṭaru ‘obstinate, perverse’; L. maṭṭar f.
‘troublesome cow, cow giving little milk’; P. maṭṭar
‘not allowing milk to descend into udder (of cows)’.
3. Pk. maṭṭha— ‘lazy’; K. moṭhu
‘dull, worthless’,
ḍoḍ. maṭṭho ‘child’, rām. maṭṭhŭ
‘small’; S. maṭhu m.
‘base metal, alloy, dross’, maṭho ‘bad, weak, diluted’;
L. maṭṭhā ‘lazy, slow, blunt, cheap’, m. ‘cheapness,
glut’, awāṇ. maṭṭhā ‘slow’; P. maṭh—lūṇā ‘imperfectly
salted’, maṭṭhā ‘blunt’, maṭhlā m. ‘home—made earthen
vessel’, maṭhunn m. ‘blockhead’ (poss. < *maṭṭhuṇḍa-
with same ending as bhēruṇḍa— ‘terrible’ MBh.); WPah.
bhad. maṭṭhū ‘boy’, bhal. maṭh, khaś. maṭṭhu, pāḍ.
māṭhaṛ ‘small’, cur. māṭhṛā, paṅ. maṭhṛā; Ku. māṭhu
‘slowly’; N. māṭho ‘slow’; A. māṭh ‘blunt, slow’,
maṭhā ‘immature, coarse (of rice)’; B. māṭha ‘blunt,
slow, sluggish’; Or. mā̆ṭhuā ‘slow, lazy’; H. māṭhā,
maṭṭhā ‘slow’, māṭhū m. ‘buffoon, ape’; G. māṭhũ
‘vicious, bad, unfortunate’, māṭherũ ‘a little, not much’
(< *maṭṭha—tara—); M. māṭh ‘dumpy, stunted’, māṭhā
m. ‘blockhead’.
4. K. mõdotdot;ṭhuru
‘lazy, inert’; Bhoj. maṭṭhar ‘slow,
lethargic’; M. māṭharṇẽ ‘to become dull or languid’.
5. S. maṛhu m. ‘sluggard’, maṛho m. ‘sluggard,
feeble old man’.
6. Pk. maḍabha— ‘hunchback, dwarfish’, maḍaha—,
maḍahulla— ‘small’; OMarw. maḍī f. adj. ‘wretched’;
M. maḍ m. ‘hateful fellow’, maṭgā ‘too small’
(< *maḍkā?).
7. H. maḍḍī ‘stupid’, m. ‘fool’; — altern. < *māḍa—1:
Ku. māṛo ‘thin’; M. māḍā ‘left fallow (of fields)’.
8. S. maṇḍu m. ‘lameness’, maṇḍo ‘lame’, maṇḍāiṇu
‘to limp’; L. maṇḍ m. ‘lameness’, maṇḍā ‘lame’.
9. Pk. maṇṭha— ‘dissolute’; L. maṇḍhā ‘small’.
10. L. maṇḍhrā ‘contemptibly small’.
11. Or. māṇḍuā ‘dull, foolish, coarse, fat’.
12. S. māṛo ‘thin, wicked’; L. māṛā ‘bad, thin, poor’;
P. māṛā ‘thin, weak, bad, worthless, little, scarce’
(whence maṛappaṇ m. ‘leanness’); WPah.jaun. māṛō
‘weak’, (Joshi) māṛu, māṛā; Si. mala ‘miserly, niggardly’
(or < malvá—), maḷi ‘lazy’; — altern. < *maḍḍa—: Ku.
māṛo ‘thin’; M. māḍā ‘left fallow’.
13. M. māḍhā ‘left fallow’.
14. Ku. māṇo ‘man without beard or mustache’ (or
< mānavá—).
15. P. mā̃ḍhā ‘dwarfish’.
*maṭṭhāṅgaka—.
Addenda: *maṭṭa—. 3. *maṭṭha—1: S.kcch. māṭh ‘silent’;
WPah.kṭg. máṭṭhɔ, máṇṭhɔ ‘small, young’, máṭḥṛɔ,
máṇṭhṛɔ, máṭhƏṛḍɔ ‘smaller, younger’; J. māṭhā ‘small’,
māṭhṛā ‘smaller, younger’.
9. *maṇṭha—: S.kcch. maṇḍhyo ‘stubborn’, maṇḍhāṇū
‘to limp’.
11. *maṇḍa—
4 (maṇḍūra—2 ‘bodily defective’ RV.,
‘rust of iron’ lex. ~ *mandūra— ‘iron dross’ s.v.
*matthara— Add2).
12. *māḍa—1: WPah.kṭg. maṛɔ ‘weak, bad’, J. māṛā
‘feeble’.
*maṭṭha—
1 ‘defective’ see *maṭṭa— Add2.
9724 *maṭṭara—
1 ‘pea’. 2. *maṭṭha—
3.
1. S. maṭaru m. ‘a grain of the pulse Lathyrus
sativus’; L. maṭṭar m. ‘the pea Pisum sativum’; P.
maṭṭar, mattar m. ‘pea’, N. maṭar, A. maṭar—māh
(mā́ṣa—1), B. maṭar, Or. maṭara; Bi. maṭar ‘P. sativum’,
(SWShahabad) maṇṭar; H. maṭar m. ‘P. sativum’,
maṭrā m. ‘large variety of pea’, °rī f. ‘small do.’.
2. G. M. maṭh m. ‘pea’: see also mukuṣṭha—.
*maṭṭara—2, *maṭṭha—
1 ‘defective’ see *maṭṭa—.
9725 *maṭṭha—
2 ‘lump’. [Other ‘lump’ words with initial
m— are *mikkara— (*mēṅga—2, *mēṅgana—), *mēñca—2,
*mēṭṭa—2 (*mēṇḍa—2), *mēdda—2, *mucca—, *muḍḍha—2
(*muṇḍa—2), *muttha—2 (*mutthara—2, *mōtthara—2,
*mōdda—2). — Cf. similar ‘defective’ word—groups s.v.
*maṭṭa—]
P. maṭhunnī f. ‘lump of clay or dough’ (< *maṭ-
ṭhuṇḍa—? — Cf. maṭhunn s.v. *maṭṭha—1).
*maṭṭha—
3 ‘pea’ see *maṭṭara—1.
*maṭṭhara— ‘defective’ see *maṭṭa—.
9729 *maḍh— ‘cover’.
Pk. maḍhia— ‘covered, set’, māḍhia— ‘covered with
armour’, māḍhī— f. ‘armour’; S. maṛhaṇu ‘to cover
(book, drum, chair)’; P. maṛhṇā ‘to cover with cloth’;
H. maṛhnā, mãḍhnā ‘to cover, overspread, encrust’;
G. maḍhvũ ‘to cover (book, drum, &c.)’; M. maḍhṇẽ ‘to
cover, encrust’.
9754 *matthara— ‘defective’. 2. *madda—. 3. *maddha—.
4. manthara— (f. °rı̄́— Pāṇ.gaṇa) ‘slow, lazy, dull, bent,
hunchbacked’ lex., °raka— m. ‘name of a hunchback’
Pañcat. 5. manda— ‘dull—witted’ KaṭhUp., ‘slow, idle,
weak’ MBh., ‘bad’ MārkP., °aka— ‘simple, stupid’.
6. mandara— ‘slow, tardy, large, thick’ lex. [A ‘de-
fective’ word—group poss. developed, with variations
similar to those of other such groups, from manda-
(√mand
2): but cf. also mindā́— f. ‘bodily defect’ TS. -
See *mandhyara— and list s.v. *maṭṭa—]
1. K. mathōra, f. °thürü
‘corpulent’; N. matthar ‘slow,
dim, dull’.
2. N. madauro ‘sick’ (+ ?); Or. mādā ‘lazy, dull, slow’.
3. N. madhauro, Or. mādhā: both as in 2.
4. Pk. maṁthara— ‘slow, dull, crooked’; S. mandhiro
‘dwarfish, short, low, little’; L. madhrā, (Ju.) mandhrā,
(Shahpur) madhra ‘short’, P. mandhrā ‘short in stature’;
N. madhuro ‘dim, tasteless’.
5. Pa. manda— ‘slow, lazy, stupid, unprofitable’; Pk.
maṁda— ‘slow, lazy, small, base’, n. ‘illness’; K. mondu
,
f. münzü
‘slow, dull, stupid’; S. mando ‘bad, wicked’;
L. mandā m. ‘evil—speaking’, mãdāī f. ‘wickedness’,
awāṇ. mandā ‘bad’, mā̃dā ‘sick, dying’ (← Centre or
G.?); P. mand ‘little, slight, faint’, mandā ‘bad’; WPah.
bhal. manno ‘bad’; Or. māndā ‘lazy, slow’, (Sambhal-
pur) mãd ‘bad’; Mth. mandā ‘vile, slow, gentle’; Aw.lakh.
mā̃dā ‘sick’; H. mā̃d ‘faded, tarnished, stale’, f. ‘dull
colour, dunghill’, mandā ‘slow, sluggish, stupid’; G.
mā̃dũ ‘sick’; M. mā̃dā ‘sick’ (LM 383 ← Pers.), mand,
madā̆ḍ, mãdaṭ ‘slow, stupid’, mãdā ‘relaxed, abated,
cheap’; Si. man̆da, mada ‘small, weak’, (SigGr) mad
‘insufficient’, madi ‘defective, insufficient, low, vile’;
Md. madu ‘slow’. — Vocalization obscure in Or. māundā
‘slow, lazy’; M. maı̃d ‘lazy, stupid’.
6. H. mandrā ‘short, stumpy, squat’.
mandatara—, mandimán—; *mandadhainava—,
*mandapāta—, mandākṣa—, mandāgni—.
Addenda: *matthara— [mindā́— TS. ~ maṇḍūra— RV.]. 4.
*manthara—: S.kcch. mandhro ‘dwarfish, short-
statured’.
5. manda—: S.kcch. māndho ‘sick’; OP. manūru m.
‘scrap iron, iron dross, slag’ (~ †;maṇḍūra—2 ‘bodily
defective’ RV., ‘rust on iron’ lex. s.v. *maṭṭa— Add2)
C. Shackle.
9856 *mandhyara— ‘defective’. [Cf. vandhya— and man-
dara— s.v. manda—: see list s.v. *maṭṭa—]
K. manzuru
m., °zürü
f. ‘cripple’, mạnzarun ‘to be
imperfect, to diminish’.
9862 *mamma—
2 ‘food’. [Nursery word]
A. mām ‘food’, G. M. mām n.
9863 *mammaḍa— ‘crust, scab’.
N. māmro, °ri ‘crust (of bread)’; A. māmar ‘rust’,
māmri ‘ringworm’; B. māmṛi ‘scab’ (ODBL 691 <
márman—).
maya— in cmpds. ‘made of’: *avimaya—, kāṣṭhamaya—,
gōmáya—, *canakamaya—, tilamáya—, darbhamáya—,
dānamaya—, rajatamaya—, suvarṇamaya—, strīmaya—,
hiraṇyamáya—.
9980 *mahyā— ‘buffalo’. 2. *mahiyā—. [For formation ~
mahiṣá— cf. *rōhya— ~ rōhiṣa—: further maha— m.
‘buffalo’, mahā— f. ‘cow’ lex., māhēyī— f. ‘cow’ MBh.,
Pk. māhila— ‘buffalo—herdsman’ der. *māhiya—? -
P. Tedesco Language 19, 14 derives from máhiṣī-
through *mahiṁśī— (cf. Pa. mahiṁsa—) > *mahiñjhī—. -
mah—]
1. S. mañjha, °jhī f. ‘buffalo’, L. majjh f., mult.
mañjh, pl. majhı̄̃ f., awāṇ. majh, pl. °jhı̄̃ f., P. majjh,
majjhī f.
2. Bi. (N of Ganges) bhaı̄̃ f.?
*māhya—.
MĀ ‘measure’: *māta—, mā́ti, mā́trā—, mā́na—2,
māpaka—, māpayati, māpya—, *māpyatē, mā́yatē,
mita—, mitya—, *mināti, mīyátē1, mēmīyatē; anu-
māna—, unmāna—, *unmāpayati, *unmāpya—, *unmā-
yatē, upamā́—, *nimāta—, *nimāti, *nimātra—, *nimāna—,
nirmāti, nirmāṇa—, nirmāpayati, nírmita—, *nirmi-
tatva—, parimāṇa—, pratimā́—, pramāṇa—, pramāṇika—,
pramāpayati, vimā́na—, sáṁmāti, saṁmāna—, *saṁmā-
payati, saṁmīyatē.
9996 *māḍa—
2 ‘upper storey of a house’. [mālaka— m. ‘raised
pavilion or balcony’ Siṁhās. (see S. Lévi BSOS viii
623), mālikā— f. ‘whitewashed upper—storeyed house’ lex.,
māḍi— f. ‘palace’ lex. — ← Drav., Tam. māṭam ‘storeyed
house’, Kan. māḍi ‘upstair house’, &c. DED 3930.
Cf. mēṭa— m. ‘whitewashed storeyed house’ lex. also ←
Drav. ib.]
Pa. māḷa— ‘sort of pavilion’, māḷaka—, mālaka— m.
‘circular enclosure’, maṇḍala—māḷa— m. ‘circular hall
with peaked roof’; Pk. māla— m. ‘raised platform, upper
part of a house’, māḍia— n. ‘house’; Wg. māla, malá
‘roof’, mala—druḗk ‘smoke—hole’ NTS xvii 275; S. māṛī
f. ‘upper storey’; L. māṛī f. ‘storeyed house of burnt
brick’; P. māṛī f. ‘upper storey’; G. māḷ m. ‘loft, upper
storey’, māḷɔ m. ‘loft, large house’, māḷiyũ n. ‘loft’; M.
māḷ m. ‘stage, platform’, māḷā m. ‘loft, granary’, māḍī f.
‘storey of a house, loft’; Si. maḷu—va ‘courtyard of a
house’.
māḍi— see prec.
*māḍha—, *māṇa— ‘defective’ see *maṭṭa—.
māṇaka— see mānaka—1.
māṇavá— see mānavá—.
10030 *
māda—
2 ‘curds’. 2. *
mādya—. 3. *
mādiya—. [Cf.
Bal.
ma
d
a
g ‘to curdle’. — √
mad
2?]
1. Kho. (Lor.)
m
*l— in
m
*l
c̣hír ‘curds, junket, partially
dried curds (put in a bag as food for a journey)’; S.
māo m. ‘milk boiled down to a hard lump of curd’.
2. Tir.
mazḗ ‘sour milk’ (AO xii 184 < *
madya—).
3. Bshk.
mā̃ya,
mä̃ya ‘sour milk’.
Addenda: *
māda—
2 [Shgh.
mo
d ‘buttermilk’ (like Ishk.
mid
‘cream, milk with buttermilk’, <
mādya— EVSh 43
and Parth.
pym'
dg ‘cream’ EVSh 43)]
10043 *māna—
4 ‘bamboo’. [Cf. Kui māṇi ‘bamboo’]
P. mānū m. ‘young shoot of bamboo’; M. māṇ f.
‘large bamboo’, māṇā, māṇgā m. ‘long bamboo’, māṇyā
m. ‘small bamboo’; — N. māndro ‘split cane mat’
rather < mandurā—2.
10044 *
māna—
5 ‘skin—bag’. [Cf.
mr̥nmāna— ‘earthen oil vessel
(?)’ Hem. (poss. sanskritization of
maṇa— with
mā́na—
2
q.v.) and Yid.
mun
go ‘inflated sheepskin’ IIFL ii 228]
Ash.
maṇa,
mãṛƏ ‘skin—bag’, Wg.
mū̃ŕukә́,
mō̃́kä,
Kt.
mãŕe; Dm.
māna ‘skin—bag for ghee’; Gaw.
māṇa,
māṇeṭı̄́ ‘skin—bag for sour milk’, Kal.rumb.
mōni, Kho.
manu (BelvalkarVol 93 <
mānaka— ‘measure’); Bshk.
mān ‘inflated skin’; Phal.
mṓnu,
°no ‘skin—bag for ghee’;
Or.
cama—muṇā ‘skin—bag’.
10117 *mikkara— ‘lump’. 2. *mēṅga—2. 3. *mēṅgana—.
[Cf. *mēñca—2 and list s.v. *maṭṭha—2. — Cf. ‘defective’
word *mēṅga—1]
1. P. mikkar f. ‘small lump (of salt, molasses, &c.)’.
2. P. mı̄̃g f. ‘dung of sheep, goats, hares, rats, and
other such animals’; Ku. mı̄̃g ‘goat's dung’.
3. K. mĕngun m. ‘dung of sheep and goats’, mĕngüñü
f. ‘dung of rats’; L. meṅgaṇ f. ‘dung of sheep, goats,
deer, and hares’; P. mı̄̃gaṇ, °gan, mẽgaṇ, mẽgṇī f. =
mı̄̃g above; Ku. mı̄̃gaṇ ‘dung of wild deer’; H. mı̃gnī,
mẽgnī f. ‘orbicular dung of goats, sheep, deer, camels,
rats, &c.’.
MIKṢ ‘mix’: *miṣṭa—2; *āmiṣṭa—. — See miśrá—.
10118 *micc— ‘close the eyes, blink’. [Cf. Khot. nä—mäjs— ‘to
blink’, Bal. mičāč ‘eyelids’, Russ. migatĭ ‘to blink’,
Kur. mīnxnā ‘to close the eyes’ DED 3693, and *miṭṭ-
‘to close the eyes’, Kan. miṭakisa ‘to blink’ DED 3969;
further miṣánt— ‘with open eyes’ RV., √mīl in sáṁ
mīlya ‘with closed eyes’ RV. A non—Aryan or wide-
spread onom. word, scarcely (like Lat. micāre ‘to
sparkle’, Tam. mı̃cu ‘to flash’) to be assigned to a
common IE. root (J. C. W.)]
Pk. miṁcaṇa— n. ‘closing the eyes’; P. mīcṇā ‘to close
the eyes, shut the hand or mouth’, micāuṇā ‘to make
close the eyes’; H. mī̆cnā, mīchnā ‘to close the eyes’;
G. micvũ ‘to close the eyes’, micāmṇā̃ n. pl. ‘winking’;
— ext. —kk—: A. misikāiba ‘to sneer’; B. mickāna ‘to
smile’; H. mickānā, mac° ‘to wink’; M. miċakṇẽ ‘to
close eyes or lips’. — G. vı̄̃cvũ ‘to close the eyes’ <
*vi—micc—? — N. micnu ‘to press’ (ND 507 a 45) rather
< *mr̥dyatē.
Addenda: *micc—: S.kcch. micṇū ‘to close the eyes’, WPah.kṭg.
miċṇõ; ‘to shut the eyes, wink’, J. micṇi (sc. eyes).
*miḍati see miláti Add2.
10119 *miṭṭ— ‘close the eyes’. [See *micc—]
P. mīṭṇā ‘to close the eyes’; N. miṭik ‘twinkling,
moment’; B. miṭiyā ‘twinkling’, Or. miṭi—miṭi; G. miṭi
f. ‘blinking’; M. miṭṇẽ ‘to close the eyes’.
*MIḌ ‘meet’: *miḍati, *mēḍa—, *mēḍayati. [See
√mil. — Poss., with √bhiṭ, of Mu. origin PMWS 148]
*miḍati ‘meets’ see miláti.
10120 *miḍḍa— ‘defective’. 2. *miṇḍa—. 3. *miṇḍha—1.
4. *mēṭṭa—1. 5. *mēṇḍa—1. 6. *mēṇḍha—1. [Cf.
*mitta— and list s.v. *maṭṭa—; — mḗṭati, mḗḍati ‘is
mad’ Dhātup. — Cf. *mēṭṭa—2 ‘lump’]
1. G. miḍiyɔ ‘having horns bent over forehead (of
oxen and goats)’.
2. G. mı̄̃ḍũ ‘having rims turned over’.
3. S. miṇḍhiṇo ‘silent and stupid in appearance but
really treacherous and cunning’; G. miṇḍhũ ‘having
deep—laid plans, crafty, conceited’.
4. A. meṭā ‘slow in work, heavy—bodied’.
5. Or. meṇḍa ‘foolish’; H. mẽṛā, mẽḍā m. ‘ram with
curling horns’, °ḍī f. ‘she—goat do.’.
6. Or. meṇḍha ‘foolish’, °ḍhā ‘fool’; M. mẽḍhā m.
‘crook or curved end (of a horn, stick, &c.)’.
*miṇḍa—, *miṇḍha—
1 ‘defective’ see prec.
miṇḍha—
2 ‘ram’ see mēṇḍha—2.
10122 *mitta— ‘defective’. 2. middha— n. ‘drowsiness’
BHS ii 432. 3. mindā́— f. ‘bodily defect, blemish’
TS. 4. *mindha—. 5. *mindhara—. 6. *mīna—2.
7. *mēdda—
1 (X mḗḍhra— (mēṇḍhra— BhP.) n. ‘penis’ AV.
in mēdra— n. ‘penis, lower belly’ Apte). [Cf. *miḍḍa— and
see list s.v. *maṭṭa—. — Resemblance of this ‘defective’
word—group (e.g. *mēdda—1 in A. medelā ‘corpulent’)
with mḗdas— n. ‘body fat’ RV., ‘corpulence’ ŚārṅgS. is
prob. fortuitous. — Cf. *mēdda—2 ‘lump’]
1. S. mitero ‘short in stature’ (< *mitta—tara—).
2. Pa. middha— n. ‘torpor, stupidity’, middhin-
‘sluggish’.
3. K. myondu
‘leprous’, m. ‘leprosy’, mĕndun ‘to
suffer from leprosy’ (mĕndith marun ‘to die of leprosy’
used in curses).
4. P. minnhā ‘dim, slight, perverse, taciturn,
revengeful’.
5. S. mindhiro ‘short, low, little’.
6. P. mīṇā ‘having the horns curving along the
cheek’.
7. A. medā ‘indolent, slow’, medelā ‘corpulent,
badly baked (of a pot)’; B. medā ‘slow, dull’; Or.
medā ‘foolish’.
10150 *mukka—
1 ‘blow with fist’. [Prob. ← Drav., Prj.
muṭka ‘blow with fist’, Kur. muṭkā ‘fist’, DED. 4041]
K. muköli
f. ‘blow with fist’, (El.) mukāl m. ‘fist’; S.
muka f. ‘blow with fist’, L. mukk, °kī f.; P. mukk m.
‘fist’, °kī f.; WPah.bhal. mukki f. ‘blow with fist’; N.
mukkā, °ki ‘fist’, H. mūkā, mukkā m., °kī f., mukkhī f.
(X muṭṭhī < muṣṭí—); G. mukkɔ m., °kī f. ‘blow with
fist’.
*mukka—
2 ‘dumb’ see mū́ka—.
*mukkara— ‘defective’ see mū́ka—.
10178 *mucca— ‘lump’. [See list s.v. *maṭṭha—2. — Cf.
*muccha— ‘defective’]
S. mucu m. ‘lump, heap’, muco m. ‘tuft of hair or
grass’; P. mucc m. ‘piece of meat’, muccā m. ‘do. about
1/4 seer in weight’.
10179 *muccha— ‘defective’. 2. *mōccha—. 3. *mujja—. [Cf.
*mēcca—: see list s.v. *maṭṭa—. — Cf. *mucca— ‘lump’]
1. S. mucho m. ‘rough end of a stick cut off as use-
less’, muchaṇu ‘to lop’.
2. P. mocchā m. ‘short thick piece of timber’.
3. A. muzā ‘wrinkled, shrunk’, muzurā ‘lean, stunted’.
10180 *mucchā— ‘mustache’. 2. mōcchā—. [gōcchā— X
múkha— or MIA. massu— < śmáśru—?]
1. S. mucha f. ‘mustache’, L. mucch, pl. °chā̃ f.,
awāṇ. much, khet. mv́cchā̃, P. mucch m., Ku.gng. mū̃ċh,
Or. mucha, H. mūch f., G. mūch, mũch f.
2. B. moc, Or. mocha, Mth. mõ;ch, Bhoj. mõ;ch, °chi;
Aw. mōch ‘whiskers’, mõmacr;ch ‘hair on face’; H. moch f.
‘mustache’.
10187 *muṭṭa—
1 ‘defective’. 2. *muṭṭha—1. 3. *muṭṭhara—.
4. *muḍa—. 5. *muḍḍa—. 6. *muḍḍha—
1 (cf. mūḍhá—).
7. *muṇṭa—. 8. *muṇṭara—. 9. *muṇḍha—.
10. *muṇḍhara—. 11. *mōṭṭa—1. 12. *mōṭṭha—.
13. *mōṭṭhara—. 14. *mōḍḍa—. 15. *mōṇḍa—. [A ‘de-
fective’ word—group to which also muṇḍa—1 belongs. -
Cf. *mutta—: see list s.v. *maṭṭa—. — Cf. *muḍḍha—2,
*muṇḍa—2 ‘lump’]
1. Kt. mƏṭo ‘blunt’, Pr. muṭkū́, Kho. muṭu; Paš.lauṛ.
muṭā́, gul. muṭū́ ‘short’; P.ḍog. muṭā ‘fat’; Si. moṭa
‘blunt’ (or < 2 or 7 or 12 or 13).
2. Dm. muṭh ‘tree’, Gaw. muṭhá, Kal. Phal. muṭh;
Bi. muṭhiyā, muṭhāl, muṭhail ‘bullock with stunted
horns’; Si. see 1.
3. Bi. muṭhrā, muṭhariyā ‘bullock with stunted
horns’.
4. H. murlā ‘toothless’.
5. S. muḍ̱o ‘blunt’; L. (Ju.) muḍ̱ m. ‘stump, branch
cut short’; N. muṛo ‘log’, muṛulo ‘hairless, bald, hat-
less’, muṛuli ‘hornless (of does)’; B. muṛ ‘lopped,
branchless’, muṛā ‘shaven’; Bi. mūṛā ‘hornless bullock’,
muṛiyā ‘blighted (of grain)’, muṛlā ‘hornless ox,
beardless wheat’; Mth. mūṛā, muṛlā ‘hornless ox’; H.
muṛiyā m. ‘bald—head’, muṛlā ‘shaved’; M. muḍā
‘broken—mouthed’.
6. OA. muḍhā, A. murā ‘stubble, stump’.
7. Pk. muṁṭa— ‘undersized, small—bodied’; S. muṇḍo
‘blunt, obtuse’; L. muṇḍā ‘lame’; Si. see 1.
8. L. muṇḍur m. ‘stump’.
9. S. muṇḍho ‘blunt’; L. muṇḍh; muḍḍh m. ‘stem’,
muṇḍhī f. ‘stump of a plant’; Or. (Bāleśwar) muṇḍhā
‘blunt’; H. mũḍhnā ‘to shave’ (= mū̃ṛnā < muṇḍa-
yati); G. rũḍh—mũḍh ‘headless and limbless’; M.
mũḍhā ‘bald, headless’.
10. M. mũḍhrā ‘having horns turned back inward or
lying flat or low and stumpy’.
11. K. mọ̆ṭu
‘fat’, pog. mŏṭ, L. moṭā, P. moṭṭā;
WPah.jaun. mōṭō ‘big, fat’; Ku. N. moṭo ‘fat’; A. B.
moṭ ‘gross total, load’, moṭā ‘fat’; Or. moṭa ‘gross
total’, moṭā ‘fat’; Mth. Bhoj. H. moṭā ‘fat’; OMarw.
moṭaü ‘big, fat’, G. moṭũ, M. moṭā; Si. see 1.
12. K. mū̃ṭhu
‘dull, stupid’; P. moṭhū m. ‘dwarf’.
13. K. mõmacr;ṭhuru
m. ‘bare trunk of a tree’.
14. S. moḍ̱o ‘hornless’.
15. Pk. moṁḍa— ‘shaved’; Sh.gur. mŏṇḍ f. ‘widow’;
L. mōn f. ‘doe of black—buck’, mōnā ‘hornless’; P.
monnā m. ‘Hindu who shaves as opposed to Sikh’
(rather than < mauṇḍya—); A. morā—hāti ‘tuskless
male elephant’.
Addenda: *muṭṭa—
1. 5. *muḍḍa—: A. mũrā (phonet. mura) ‘log,
trunk’ AFD 234.
11. *mōṭṭa—1: WPah.kṭg. moṭṭɔ ‘fat, proud’; jaun.
moṭo ‘fat, big’.
*muḍḍa— ‘defective’ see *muṭṭa—1 Add2.
10188 *muṭṭa—
2 ‘heart’. [Orig. ‘lump’ cf. *muḍḍha—2?]
Pk. muṭṭima—, moṭ° m. ‘pride’; N. muṭu ‘heart,
courage, feelings’; Si. miṭi ‘heart’.
*muṭṭa—
3 ‘bundle’ see mūta—.
*muṭṭha—
1 ‘defective’ see *muṭṭa—1.
*muṭṭha—
2 ‘bundle’ see mūta—.
*muṭṭhara—, *muḍa—, *muḍḍa—, *muḍḍha—
1 ‘de-
fective’ see *muṭṭa—1.
10189 *muḍḍha—
2 ‘lump’. 2. *muṇḍa—
2. [See list s.v.
*maṭṭha—2. — Cf. *muḍḍha—1, muṇḍa—1 ‘defective’ s.v.
*muṭṭa—1]
1. H. muḍḍhā m. ‘shoulder’, mū̃ḍhā m. ‘lump,
hump, shoulder’.
2. Or. muṇḍā ‘lump’.
muṇáti see *munāti
1.
*muṇṭa— ‘defective’ see *muṭṭa—1.
10196 *mutta— ‘defective’. 2. *muttha—1. 3. *mutthara—1.
4. *munda—. 5. *munna— (cf. mauna— n. ‘silence’
MBh.). 6. *mōtthara—1. 7. *mōdda—1. 8. *mōd-
dha— (cf. mudhā?) [Cf. *mitta—, *matthara—,
*muṭṭa—1: see list s.v. *maṭṭa—. — Cf. *muttha—2,
*mutthara—2. *mōtthara—2, *mōdda—2 ‘lump’ and
*mūna—, *mōnna— ‘silent’ s.v. mauná—]
1. S. muto ‘short and stout, fat’.
2. Or. mutha ‘clenched fist’ (or < *muttha—2),
muthaṛā, °thuṛā ‘blunt’.
3. L. mutthur m. ‘blockhead, worthless person’; H.
muthrā ‘dull, blunt’.
4. Kho. mun ‘stump of tree’, (Lor.) kƏr—mvn ‘crop-
eared’ (→ Orm. mundū́ ‘tree—trunk’ NTS v 22); Sh.
mūn, pl. °ní ‘stump or bole of tree, stump of amputated
leg or arm, maize stubble’: or both ← Ind. (e.g. S.
munu < muṇḍa—1).
5. H. munnā m. ‘pet, darling’, mūnū ‘small, diminu-
tive’.
6. H. mothrā ‘dull, blunt’.
7. M. modḷā m. ‘burly clumsy fellow’.
8. P. modhū m. ‘blockhead, large and fat cat’; H.
modhū ‘foolish’; M. modhā goḷā m. ‘cripple, lubber’,
modhḷā m. ‘bulky lubberly person, large loose bundle’.
*muttha—
1 ‘defective’ see prec.
10197 *
muttha—
2 ‘lump’. 2. *
mutthara—2. 3. *
mōtthara—2.
4. *
mōdda—2. [See list s.v. *
maṭṭha—
2. — Cf. same
series of ‘defective’ words s.v. *
mutta—]
1. Or.
mutha ‘clenched fist’.
2. H.
muthrā m. ‘spavin, splint on a horse's leg’.
3. H.
mothrā m. ‘id.’.
4. M.
modḷā m. ‘lump (of earth)’.
*
mutthara—
1 ‘defective’ see *
mutta—.
*
mutthara—
2 ‘lump’ see *
muttha—
2.
mutya— see
muktā—.
MUD
1 ‘gladden’:
ánumōdatē, anumōdana—, *āmōd-
ayati.
MUD
2 ‘mix, wet’. [Cf. Gk.
muda/w ‘be wet’ WP ii 251]
*
mōdana—, mōdayati; — mōdaka—?
10208 *munāla— or *mōnāla— ‘pheasant’. [Cf. kuṇāla—]
K. mōnāl m. ‘Impeyan pheasant’; P. munāl, manāl
m. ‘pheasant’, WPah.jaun. mŏnāu; N. munāl, monāl
‘Himalayan pheasant’; Or. murāḷa ‘a kind of wild
bird’; H. munāl m. ‘pheasant’.
múni— m. ‘inspired man’ RV., ‘devotee (esp. one
vowed to silence)’ ŚBr. [*munāti
1]
See mauna—.
*munda—, *munna— ‘defective’ see *mutta—.
Addenda: *munāla—: WPah.kc. bunāḷ, bƏnyāḷ m., kṭg. (kc.) bƏnāḷ
m. ‘the wild pheasant’, J. manāḷ m.; kṭg. bƏnaḷi
f.
‘hen—pheasant’ (b— and —n— from ványa— ‘grown in a
forest’ in kṭg. bān ‘oak tree’?).
10215 *murumura— ‘crackling’. [Onom. — Cf. múrmura-
m. ‘expiring ember’ MaitrS., ‘burning chaff’ Kāv.,
Pa. mummura— m. ‘hot ashes, burning chaff’]
Pa. murumurā— f. ‘crackling’, murumurāpēti
‘munches’; Pk. murumuria— ‘rattling’; P. murmurā m.
‘parched maize’; N. murmurinu ‘to murmur, crackle,
shake with anger’; H. murmurānā ‘to crackle’; M.
murmur f. ‘muttering’, murmurā m. ‘parched rice’.
múrmura— see prec.
*mulati ‘crushes’ see *murati
1.
mulālı̄́— see mŕ̥ṇāla—.
*muśala— ‘pestle’ see músala—.
MUṢ ‘steal’: muṣ—, muṣati, muṣṭa—, muṣyatē,
mūṣaṇa—, mūṣati, mōṣa—, mṓṣati.
10227 *muss— ‘smile, sob’. [Cf. musra— n. ‘tear’ Uṇ.com.?]
N. musmus ‘smilingly’, musmusāunu ‘to smile’; H.
musmusānā, masmasānā ‘to sob’, M. musmusṇẽ. — Ext.
—kk—: S. muskaṇu ‘to smile’; N. musukka ‘smilingly’,
muskurāunu, muskar° ‘to smile’, H. muskānā, musku-
rānā; G. muskāvũ to be delighted’.
10228 *mussa— ‘defective’. [Cf. *mēssa—: see list s.v.
*maṭṭa—]
L. mussā ‘having horns slightly bent and curving
up’, m. ‘buffalo with such horns’.
MUH ‘bewilder’: mugdhá—, múhyati, mūḍhá—,
mṓha—, mōhana—, mōháyati, mṓhuka—, *mōhya—;
*āmuhyati, *āmūḍha—, *nirmōhyamāna—.
10305 *mēṅga—
1 ‘defective’. [Cf. *mēcca—1: see list s.v.
*maṭṭa—. — Cf. *mēṅga—2 ‘lump’]
M. mẽgā, mẽgyā ‘impotent, weak, imbecile, silly’,
mẽgẽ n. ‘a weak silly fellow’; — mẽg f. ‘snake's slough’?
*mēṅga—2, *mēṅgana— ‘lump’ see *mikkara—.
10306 *mēcca— ‘defective’. 2. *mēñca—
1. [Cf. *mucca—:
see list s.v. *maṭṭa—. — Cf. *mēñca—2 ‘lump’]
1. Paš. mečƏ ‘wretched, miserly’; M. meċlā ‘mealy-
mouthed, timid, bashful’.
2. Or. meñcaṛā ‘dwarfish’.
*mēñca—
1 ‘defective’ see prec.
10307 *mēñca—
2 ‘lump’. [See list s.v. *maṭṭha—2. — Cf.
*mēñca—1 ‘defective’]
Or. meñca ‘fish roe’, meñcā ‘lump’.
*mējjha— ‘ram’ see mēṇḍha—.
mēṭa— see *māḍa—2.
mḗṭati see *miḍḍa—.
*mēṭṭa—
1 ‘defective’ see *miḍḍa—.
10308 *mēṭṭa—
2 ‘lump’. 2. *mēṇḍa—2. [See list s.v.
*maṭṭha—2. — Cf. *mēṭṭa—1, *mēṇḍa—1 ‘defective’ s.v.
*miḍḍa—]
1. Or. meṭṭā ‘hillock’. 2. Or. meṇḍā ‘lump, clot’.
mēṭha—
1 see mahāmātra—.
mēṭha—
2 ‘ram’ see mēṇḍha—2.
mēṭhī— see mēthí—.
*mēḍa— ‘meeting’ see mēla—.
*mēḍayati ‘unites’ see mēlayati.
mēḍhī— see mēthí—.
mḗḍhra—
1 ‘penis’ see mēṣá—, *mitta—.
mēḍhra—
2 ‘ram’ see mēṇḍha—2.
10312 *mēṇḍhī— ‘lock of hair, curl’. [Cf. *mēṇḍha—1 s.v.
*miḍḍa—]
S. mı̄̃ḍhī f., °ḍho m. ‘braid in a woman's hair’, L.
mē̃ḍhī f.; G. mı̃ḍlɔ, miḍ° m. ‘braid of hair on a girl's
forehead’; M. meḍhā m. ‘curl, snarl, twist or tangle in
cord or thread’.
10313 *mētthī— ‘the potherb fenugreek (Trigonella foenum
graecum)’. [mēthī— f. Pañcad., mēthikā—, mēthinī—,
manthā—2, vēdhanī— f. lex. — ← Drav. cf. Tam. mēti,
mentiyam, vental, &c. DED 4161]
K. mīthi
f. ‘fenugreek’, S. methī f., L. methrī f., °rā
m., P. methī f., methe m. pl. ‘its seeds’, met(h)rī f., °rā
m., N. A. methi, B. met(h)i, Or. methi, Bi. H. G. M.
methī f.; M. methā m. ‘another variety’.
10325 *mēdda—
2 ‘lump’. [See list s.v. *maṭṭha—2. — Cf.
*mēdda—1 ‘defective’ s.v. *mitta—]
Or. meda ‘lump of clay’, medā ‘lump of dung’,
medāṛi ‘heap, mass’, medibā ‘to knead together’.
10333 *mēll— ‘leave, let go’. [Cf. Ap. mullaï ‘lets go’ (from
*mulla— replacing mutta— < muktá—?)]
Pk. mellaï, millaï, milhaï ‘abandons’, caus. pp.
millāvia—; G. melvũ ‘to let go, leave, send, place, keep’,
melāvvũ ‘to set free’; — ext. —kk—: N. milkinu ‘to be
thrown away’, milkāunu ‘to abandon’.
Addenda: *mēll—: OMarw. (Vīsaḷa) absol. melhī ‘to leave,
abandon’.
10336 *mēssa— ‘defective’. [Cf. *mussa—: see list s.v.
*maṭṭa—]
P. mīsṇā ‘perverse, taciturn’.
10351 *mōcc— ‘twist, wring’. [Cf. √muṭ]
B. mocaṛ ‘a twist, wrench’, mocnā ‘tweezers’; Or.
mocibā ‘to contract’.
*mōccha— ‘defective’ see *muccha—.
mōṭa—
1 ‘bundle’ see mūta—.
10352 *mōṭa—
2 ‘wicker stool’. 2. *mōṭha—
2.
1. A. murā ‘wicker stool’, B. Or. moṛā, M. moḍā m.
2. H. moṛhā m. → N. moṛhā, muṛā.
mṓṭati see muṭáti.
*mōṭṭa—
1 ‘defective, fat’ see *muṭṭa—1.
*mōṭṭa—
2 ‘bundle’ see mūta—.
*mōṭṭha—, *mōtthara— ‘defective’ see *muṭṭa—1.
*mōṭyatē ‘is twisted’ see muṭáti.
*mōṭha—
1 ‘bundle’ see mūta—.
*mōṭha—
2 ‘wicker stool’ see *mōṭa—2.
*mōḍḍa— ‘defective’ see *muṭṭa—1.
10396 *yaja— ‘cold’. [IE. *yeĝ— ‘ice’ IEW 503?]
Kt. yūċ ‘cold’, Pr. (y)ṳ̄zu, Wg. yū̆z, yoz → Kal. Kho.
yoz (→ Wkh. yaz) NTS xv 280 rather than < avaśyā—.
10430 *yal— ‘endure, stay’.
S. jaraṇu ‘to endure, suffer with patience’, jāraṇu ‘to
endure, get on, subsist’; L. jālaṇ ‘to endure, be
patient, stop, go slowly’; G. jeravvũ ‘to endure’,
jāḷavvũ ‘to preserve uninjured’.
10538 *rakka— ‘defective’. 2. *rakkara—. 3. raṅká— ‘slow,
dull’ Uṇ., ‘poor, hungry’ Prab., m. ‘starveling’
Mālatīm., °aka— m. Bharaṭ. (~ *laṅka—1). 4. *raṅkha—.
5. *raṅga—
4. [~ *lakka—1. — raṅka— ‘poor’ PMWS
140 ← Mu. cf. Sant. re̱ṅge̱c' ‘poor’ (cf. rhyming vaṅka-
‘vagabond’ Bhadrab.). — Other ‘defective’ word-
groups with initial r— s.vv. *raṭṭa— (*raḍḍa—, *raṇṭa—,
*raṇṭha—, raṇḍa—, *rāḍa—, *rāṇa—), *rigga— (*rēṅga—),
*rēñca— (*rēñja—), *rēṇṭa— (*rēṇḍa—), *rēnda—, *rēppa—,
*rugga—, *rōcca— (*rōñca—), *ruḍa— (*ruḍha—, *ruṇṭa—,
*ruṇṭha—, ruṇḍa—, *ruṇḍha—, *rōṭṭa—2, *rōḍa—1, *rōḍḍa—),
*runda—, *rōbba—, *rōra—, *rulla—. — Similar series
s.vv. kuṇṭha—, *naṭṭa—, baṇḍá—, *bukka—4, *maṭṭa—,
*lakka—1, vaṇṭa—2, *śaṭṭa—]
1. L. rakkaṛ m. ‘poor soil’; P. rakkaṛ ‘hard and
barren (of land)’; M. rakṭẽ n. ‘contemptuous term for
an old or worn or coarse or undersized or tattered
blanket or for any old and bad clothing’.
2. P. rakkar = rakkaṛ above.
3. Pk. raṁka— ‘poor’; L. raṅguṛ ‘poor, bad (of
crops)’; OAw. rāṁka ‘wretched, poor’; H. rā̃k ‘poor’,
rā̃kaṛ f. ‘poor stony ground’; G. rā̃k, rā̃kṛũ ‘poor,
humble’, rā̃kũ n. ‘beggar’; M. rā̃kaṭ ‘big and boorish’;
— Ku. N. rā̃go ‘buffalo bull’ (or < raṅku—?).
4. P. raṅghaṛ m. ‘a Moslem caste who are slothful
agriculturists, conceited person’.
5. OAw. rāṁga m. ‘wretch’.
*rakkara— ‘defective’ see prec.
Addenda: *rakka—: cf. also OP. rañca, rañcaka f. ‘a little bit’.
10558 *ragg— ‘rub’.
G. ragvũ ‘to importune’; — ext. —ḍ—: S. raǥiṛo m.
‘wrangling’; P. ragaṛṇā ‘to rub’, Ku. ragaṛṇo; N.
ragṛanu ‘to rub, work overtime’; B. ragṛāna ‘to
rub’, Or. ragaṛibā, Mth. ragaṛab, H. ragaṛnā,
G. ragaṛvũ, raggaṛ ‘thick and liquid’; M. ragaḍṇẽ
‘to rub’.
raṅká— see *rakka—.
Addenda: *ragg—: Ko. ragḍo ‘grinding stone’, raggaḍtā ‘rubs’.
10592 *raṭi— ‘crying out’. [Cf. raṭita— n. ‘screaming’ Kād.,
Pk. raḍiya— n. — √raṭ]
S. raṛi f. ‘scream’ (whence raṛyo m. ‘bawler’); L.
raṛ f. ‘grunt or groan of camel’; N. raṛi ‘amorous
quarrel’; Or. raṛi ‘scream’; H. (poet.) rara f. ‘shout’;
M. raḍī f. ‘losing one's temper’.
10593 *raṭṭa—. 5. raṇḍa—: rann f. ‘harlot’, ranol f. ‘widow’,
ranāpo m. ‘widowhood’.
10594 *raḍḍ— ‘slip’. 2. *raḍ—. [~ *laḍḍ—1]
1. Pk. raḍḍa— ‘slipped’; — ext. —kk—: Ku. raṛakṇo
‘to fall down’; N. raṛkanu ‘to slip’; H. raṛkānā ‘to
shove’.
2. G. raṛvũ ‘to slip’.
*raḍḍa— ‘defective’ see *raṭṭa—.
RAṆ
1 ‘rejoice’: ráṇa—1, rátna—.
RAṆ
2 ‘rattle, jingle’: raṇa—2.
10598 *raṇḍhu— ‘rope’. [If rájju— X bandha—, why ṇḍh?]
Pk. raṁḍhua— n. ‘rope’; G. rā̃ḍhvũ n. ‘rope, string’.
10622 *rappha—: rāph m. ‘anthill, snake's hole’.
10623 *rabbā—: rabb f. ‘gruel’.
10629 *rampa—: rambh f. ‘iron strip edge for weeding tool’.
10630 *rampati: rambhṇū ‘to clear field for planting’.
10640 *ral— ‘meet with, join’. 2. *rall—. [Derivation from
álarti ‘hastens towards’ RV., arāryatē Pat. > *arāl-
yatē is very doubtful]
1. L. raḷaṇ ‘to be joined, be mixed, fall into (of
river into sea)’; P. ralāuṇā ‘to mix, join’; G. raḷvũ ‘to
acquire, earn’.
2. K. ralun ‘to be mixed with’, S. ralaṇu; L. (Ju.)
ralle ‘unitedly’; Ku. rālṇo ‘to join, mix (e.g. rice with
lentils)’; H. rālnā ‘to mix, bruise’ (whence intr. ralnā
‘to be mixed or pounded together’); Marw. rālṇo ‘to
throw, put down’.
Addenda: *ral—. 1. WPah.kṭg. rɔḷnõ; ‘to meet, be joined’; J. raḷṇu
‘to be mixed together’.
10642 *rava—
2 ‘piece’. [~ láva—1. — √ru
2]
S. rayū̃ f. pl. ‘rice pounded to small pieces’ (or
< rajas—); P. ravā m. ‘small bit of gold or crystal &c.’;
Bi. raī ‘hemp’; H. rawā m. ‘grain (of sand, dust, &c.),
filing, little lump’; G. ravɔ m. ‘granule, particle of gold
or silver &c., granulous wheaten flour’; M. ravā,
ravkā m. ‘grain, little lump’.
ravaṇa—
1 n. ‘noise’ Bhaṭṭ. [√ru
1]
See *rapaṇa—.
Addenda: *rava—
2. — Ext. —l—: OP. ravāla f. ‘dust’, P. ravāl.
10667 *rahala—, *rāhala— ‘a kind of pulse’.
Bi. rahar, rahrī ‘the pulse Cytisus cajanus’, Mth.
rāhar, rāhari, raihar (→ N. rahar, rahari ‘lentil’);
H. rahlā m. ‘the chickpea Cicer arietinum’. — Cf. Pk.
rālā—, rāalā—, rallā— f., rālaya— m.n. ‘a kind of millet’;
M. rāḷā m. ‘Panicum italicum’.
*rahalakāṣṭha—.
10681 *rājanī—: rāyaṇ, ryāṇ f. ‘the tree’, rāyṇ f. ‘the berry’.
10709 *rānti—: rāndh f. ‘a play, show’, rā̃dh karāṇī ‘to amuse
a baby’, rāndhīko m. ‘toy’; — (+ kāra—1) rāndhyār
m. ‘showman’.
10731 *rikṣa— or *rikṣya— ‘excrement’. [Cf. formation of
*pakṣya—2. — √ric]
Kal. ric̣ ‘excrement’; Kho. ric̣(h) ‘fresh dung (of
cow, man, bird)’, (Lor.) ric̣u ‘fresh cowdung’ Belval-
kar Vol 95.
RIKH
1 ‘scratch’: rēkhā́—; *udrikhati, *udrēkha—,
*udrēkhayati, *udrēkhita—; — √likh.
RIKH
2 ‘move, crawl’: *rikhati, *rikhyati, ríṅkhati,
riṅkhaṇa—; — √*righ, √riṅg, √raṅg.
*rikhyati ‘crawls’ see ríṅkhati.
10732 *rigga— ‘defective’. 2. *rēṅga—. [Cf. *rugga—: see
list s.v. *rakka—]
1. S. riǥa f. ‘lazy or importunate person’.
2. G. rẽgī—pẽgī ‘weak, cowardly, worthless’.
*rigyati ‘crawls’ see ríṅgati.
*RIGH ‘move’: *righati, *righyati; — √rikh2,
√riṅg, √raṅg.
10734 *riṅk— ‘roar, cry’. 2. *rēṅk—.
1. Woṭ. Bshk. riṅg— ‘to weep, cry’, Tor. žiṅg—, Sv.
riṅg—; S. riṅgha f. ‘crying, fretting (of child)’; L. riṅgaṇ
‘to bellow, roar (of buffalo or she—camel)’; P. riṅgṇā
‘to low’.
2. S. rı̄̃gā̆ṭu m. ‘creak’; P. rı̄̃gṇā, rı̄̃ghṇā ‘to low,
moan’; N. rẽknu ‘to bray’, H. rẽknā; G. rẽkṛɔ m. ‘low-
ing, bleating’; M. rẽkṇẽ ‘to grunt’.
10759 *rugga—: rauggho adj. ‘the whole’ (cf. S.). 2. *ruṅga-
(X Pk. rujja— s.v. *rōdya—): rūngo (phonet. rvṅgo
AKŚ xxvi) m. ‘tear’, rūṅgāro m. ‘act of weeping’.
10769 *ruṭṭa— ‘lump’. 2. *rōḍa—
2. 3. *rōḍha—. [~ *luṭṭa—2.
— Cf. *rōḍa—1 ‘defective’ s.v. *ruḍa—]
1. K.rām. ḍoḍ. ruṭ ‘head’.
2. L. roṛā m. ‘lump, clod, pebble’, roṛī f. ‘small bit
of road—metal’; P. roṛā m. ‘hard clod, brickbat’, roṛī f.
‘lump of earth’; N. roṛā ‘pebbles’; H. roṛā m. ‘frag-
ment of stone, brickbat’; G. roṛũ n. ‘clod, brickbat’;
M. roḍā m. ‘brickbat’.
3. G. roḍhɔ m. ‘large cake of cowdung’.
Addenda: *ruṭṭa—. 4. †;*rōḍḍa—2: OP. roḍaṛī f. ‘lump of coarse
sugar’.
10770 *ruḍa— ‘defective’. 2. *ruḍha—. 3. *ruṇṭa— (~
*luṇṭa—). 4. *ruṇṭha—. 5. ruṇḍa— (~ *luṇḍa—)
‘maimed’, m. ‘mutilated body’ Kathās., n. ‘id., off-
spring of mare and mule (!)’, ruṇḍikā— f. ‘female go-
between’. 6. *ruṇḍha—. 7. *rōṭṭa—
2. 8. *rōḍa—1.
9. *rōḍḍa—. [~ *luḍa—1. — Cf. *raṭṭa—, *rēṇṭa—: see
list s.v. *rakka—. — Cf. *rōḍa—2 ‘lump’]
1. Or. ruṛiā ‘stunted, dwarfish’.
2. Or. ruṛha ‘stump of hair growing on head some
days after shaving’, ruṛhiā ‘stunted, dwarfish’.
3. S. ruṇḍo ‘blunt’.
4. Or. ruṇṭhā ‘dry, sapless, feeble, miserly, dwarfish’.
5. Pk. ruṁḍa— m.n. ‘headless corpse’; Gaw. rūṇḍa
‘the scab’; Sh. rŭṇı̄́ f. ‘mange’, (Lor.) runo (ṇ?)
‘leprosy’; N. runu ‘tiny’ (WN. or ← Ku. or < *runda—);
Or. ruṇḍa ‘crowded together’ (whence ruṇḍāibā ‘to
crowd together’), ruṇḍiā ‘miserly’; M. rũḍ n. de-
capitated body’.
6. Pk. ruṁḍha— m. ‘knave, gambler’; G. rũḍh—mũḍh
‘headless and limbless’; M. rũḍh n. ‘decapitated body’.
7. Or. roṭa ‘thick’.
8. G. roṛ ‘thick’; — altern. < *rōḍḍa—: Ku. roṛo
‘scoundrel’; M. roḍ ‘thin’.
9. S. roḍ̱o ‘shaven’; L. roḍā ‘hornless’, (Ju.) roḍ̱ m.
‘shaven head’, roḍ̱ā ‘shaven—headed, bald’, awāṇ.
rōḍā ‘clean—shaven’; P. roḍ f. ‘shaven head’, roḍḍā,
roḍā ‘shaven—headed’; Si. roḍḍa ‘chaff, sawdust,
rubbish’ (semant. cf. bol < *bhōla—); — altern.
< *rōḍa— see Ku. M. above.
*ruḍha—, *ruṇṭa— ‘defective’ see *ruḍa—.
ruṇṭati see *luṭṭati.
*ruṇṭha—, ruṇḍa—, *ruṇḍha— ‘defective’ see *ruḍa—.
10780 *runda— ‘defective’. [~ *lunda—. — Prob. belongs to
‘defective’ word—group beginning ru—, rō—, cf. ruṇḍa-
s.v. *ruḍa— and see list s.v. *rakka—. Direct derivation
< IE. *rundo— in Eng. runt ‘stump, smallest of a
litter, &c.’ (ND 540 a 10) is unlikely]
N. runu ‘tiny’, runko ‘tiny piece’ (or WN. < ruṇḍa—);
Bi. runnī ‘poor land which requires to be left fallow’,
rūnā ‘land which requires irrigation’.
10786 *rum— ‘roll about’. 2. *rumal—. 3. rul—.
1. G. rumvũ ‘to wander about’.
2. N. rumalinu ‘to loiter’; M. rõ;vaḷṇẽ, rõ;ḷṇẽ ‘to wash
rice’.
3. Pk. rulaï ‘lies down’; S. rulaṇu ‘to wander
about’; P. rolṇā ‘to separate rice from husk’; OG.
rulivaüṁ n. ‘wandering’, G. roḷvũ ‘to roll’; M. ruḷṇẽ
‘to roll, trail along’.
10787 *rumaka— ‘saline earth’. [Cf. rumā— f. ‘name of a
salt—mine’ lex., (with or without lavaṇa—) rōmaka—,
raumaka— (Suśr.), rauma— (lex.) n. ‘saline earth’]
Kho. ruṅ ‘white saline earth, salt in earth’ (or <
raṅga—5?).
*rumakōdaka—.
10789 *rulla— ‘defective’. [~ *lulla—: see list s.v. *rakka—]
P. ruhlā ‘crippled in legs and feet’; Ku. rulo m.
‘small undeveloped or decayed grain’; Bi. rullī ‘worn-
out land that requires to be left fallow’, H. rull,
rullā m.
ruvatha— see rutá—.
RUŚ ‘shine’: rúśant—, *ruṣṭa—2.
10798 *rū—a— ‘cotton’. [< *rūca— ~ Pk ruṁcaï (s.v. *rōñc—)
‘cards cotton’? J. C. W.]
Pk. rūa— n. ‘carded cotton’, S. raī f., L. rũ f.; P. rū̃
m., rūī, rūı̄̃ f. ‘cotton wool’; WPah.bhad. rū̃ n.
‘cotton’; Ku. ruwā ‘cotton wool’; N. ruwo ‘cotton’;
Or. ruā ‘cotton’, rui ‘cleaned cotton’; Mth. rū ‘cotton
wool’; OAw. rūī f. ‘carded cotton’, H. rū̆ī f., G. rū n.
ruvɔ m.; M. rū m., ruī f. ‘carded cotton’ (ruī also
‘Calotropis gigantea which yields a downy kind of
cotton’).
Addenda: *rū—a—: WPah.kṭg. rvi
f. ‘cotton’, J. rūī, rū̃ f.
10809 *rē— ‘dust, sand’. [Cf. Ir. *rai—ka— in Pers. rēg, Bal.
rēk ‘sand’ NTS v 340]
rēṇú—, rētra—, *rēva—, rēvaṭa—1, *rēhā—.
10812 *rēñca— ‘defective’. 2. *rēñja—. [~ *lēñca—. — Cf.
*rōcca—: see list s.v. *rakka—]
1. G. rẽciyɔ—pẽciyɔ ‘weak, cowardly, worthless’.
2. G. rẽji—pẽji ‘id.’.
*rēñja— ‘defective’ see prec.
10813 *rēḍati,
rḗḷatē ‘is angry’ Naigh., árēḍant— ‘not dis-
respectful’ TS., rḗṭati ‘reproves’ Dhātup., rēṭi— f.
‘harsh speech’ lex.
P. reṛkā m. ‘quarrelling’, kgr. rerrṇā ‘to exasperate’;
— L. reḍh f. ‘feud’ < *rēḍ(h)—ti—?
10815 *rēṇṭa— ‘defective’. 2. *rēṇḍa— (~ lēṇḍa—1).
[~ lēṇṭa—. — Cf. *raṭṭa—, *ruḍa—: see list s.v.
*rakka—]
1. Ku. rẽḍ ‘headless body, corpse’; Or. reṇṭā ‘ob-
stinate, perverse’; G. rẽṭ ‘feeble’; M. rẽṭ, reṭ n. ‘slang
term for a thick hard clumsy cake’.
2. Pk. riṁḍī— f. ‘an old torn worn—out garment’;
Bshk. riṇḍ ‘widow’ (rather than < raṇḍa—); Bi. rẽṛā
‘stunted wheat’.
*rēṇḍa— ‘defective’ see prec.
Addenda: *rēṇṭa—: 3. †;*riṇṭa—: WPah.kṭg. (kc.) riṇḍ m. ‘a young
good for nothing, libertine’; kṭg. riṇḍɔ ‘of mediocre
quality’; P. riṇḍā m. ‘small watermelon, little child’.
10817 *rēnda— ‘defective’. [~ *lēnda—. — Cf. *runda—: see
list s.v. *rakka—]
M. rẽd ‘slow, sluggish’.
10819 *rēppa— ‘defective’. [Cf. *rōbba—: see list s.v.
*rakka—]
Or. repa ‘miserly, cruel’.
10821 *rēva— ‘sand, dust’. 2. rēvaṭa—
1 m. ‘dust (W.), whirl-
wind’ lex. [*rē—]
1. H. rew f. ‘sand’; M. rev, rẽv f. ‘fine sand or gravel’,
revā, rẽvā m. ‘coarse do.’; Ko. rẽva ‘sand’.
2. Pk. rēvaliā— f. ‘dust—devil’; Ku. reṛo ‘sand and
stones, debris washed down by a stream’; OMarw.
revaṛo m. ‘dunghill’; M. revḍā m. ‘fine sand or gravel’.
rēvaṭa—
1 ‘whirlwind’ see prec.
10822 *rēvaḍa— ‘a sweetmeat covered with seeds’. [Same
as rēvaṭa—1?]
K. livürü
f. ‘a small cake of sugar covered with
seeds’; S. reviṛī f. ‘a sweetmeat’, P. reuṛī f., Ku.
ryūṛī, N. B. reuṛi; H. rewṛī f. ‘small cake covered with
sesamum seeds’, G. revṛī f., M. revḍī f.
rēṣā— see hrēṣā—.
10824 *rēhā— ‘sand’. [*rē—]
P. reh, rehī f. ‘saltpetre with earthy mixture, manure’;
H. reh f. ‘brackish soil, fuller's earth’.
*rēhāsthala—.
10827 *rōkk—: rokṇū ‘to stop’ tr., rokāṇū ‘to stay’ intr.
10828 *rōkka— ‘ready money’. [rōka— ‘buying with cash’ lex.
prob. sanskritization of MIA. *rokka—. — Scarcely
with PhonPj 129 < raukma— ‘golden’ Mn.]
S. roku m. ‘cash’, L. rok m., P. rok f., B. rok (rokh
adj. ‘in cash’), Or. roka—ṭhoka, Mth. H. rok m.; G.
rok, rokh ‘in cash’, M. rokh, rokh—ṭok; — ext. —ḍ—: S.
rokaṛi f. ‘cash’; L. rokiṛ f. ‘cash book’; P. rokaṛ f. ‘cash’,
B. rokaṛ; Or. rokaṛa ‘cash book’; H. rokaṛ f. ‘cash’ (←
N. Mth. rokaṛ), G. rokaṛi
f., M. rokaḍ f.
10834 *rōcca— ‘defective’. 2. *rōñca—. [~ *luñca—. — Cf.
*rēñca—: see list s.v. *rakka—]
1. G. rocũ ‘rustic, clownish, dried up, wrinkled’.
2. G. rõ;cũ ‘id.’, rõ;cɔ m. ‘clown’.
10836 *rōñc— ‘crush, press in’. [Semantically connexion with
√luñc— is unlikely: see *rū—a—]
Pk. roṁcaï, roccaï, ruccaï ‘crushes, grinds’, ruṁcaï
‘cards (cotton)’; M. rõ;ċṇẽ ‘to force in, penetrate’.
*rōñca— ‘defective’ see *rōcca—.
rōṭikā— see next.
Addenda: *rōñc—, cf. rōcanī— f. ‘grinding mill’, rōcaka— m. ‘one
who crushes pulse’ Arthaś.
10837 *rōṭṭa—
1 ‘bread’. [rōṭikā— f. Bhpr. — LM 396 relates
it to *rōñc— and rōṭatē ‘strikes against’ Dhātup., rōḍa-
m. ‘pounding’ lex.]
Pk. roṭṭa— m.n. ‘rice flour’ Deśīn., roṭṭaga— m.,
ruṭṭiā— f. ‘bread’; K. rōṭh, dat. °ṭas m. ‘loaf’, ḍoḍ. rōṭī;
S. roṭu m. ‘thick bread’, roṭī f. ‘bread’; L. roṭī f. ‘loaf’,
P. roṭ, roṭā m., roṭī f.; WPah.bhad. bhal. roṭṭī f.
‘bread’, pāḍ. ruaiṭi
, Ku. rwāṭā m. pl.; N. roṭ, roṭo ‘a
big loaf’, roṭi ‘bread’, A. B. ruṭi, Or. roṭi, ruṭi, Mth.
roṭī; H. roṭ, roṭā m. ‘thick bread’, roṭī f. ‘bread’,
Marw. G. roṭī f., G. roṭlɔ m., M. roṭ m., roṭī f.; Si. roṭi
‘unleavened bread of rice flour’.
*rōṭṭa—2, *rōḍa—
1 ‘defective’ see *ruḍa—.
*rōḍa—
2 ‘lump’ see *ruṭṭa—.
*rōḍḍa— ‘defective’ see *ruḍa—.
*rōḍha— ‘lump’ see *ruṭṭa—.
Addenda: *rōṭṭa—1: WPah.kṭg. (kc.) roṭi
f. ‘loaf, wheat—loaf,
bread, meal’; Garh. roṭ ‘cake—like preparation’, Md.
roři ‘bread’.
†;*yavarōṭikā—.
†;*rōḍḍa—
2 ‘lump’ see *ruṭṭa—.
10850 *rōbba— ‘defective’. [~ *lōbba—. — Cf. *rēppa—: see
list s.v. *rakka—]
G. robaṛ ‘stupid, dull’.
rōmaka— see *rumaka—.
10855 *rōra— ‘defective’. [Cf. *rulla—: see list s.v. *rakka—]
Pk. rōra— ‘indigent’.
10876 *lakk— ‘sound of lapping or bubbling’. [Onom.]
S. lakaṇu ‘to lap (as a dog)’, laklaki f. ‘sound of
lapping’, L. lakkaṇ, pres. part. lakēndā; P. lakkṇā ‘to
make a lapping sound (of a dog)’; A. laklakāiba ‘to feel
a craving’; Or. laklak ‘bubbling’; H. lakhlakhānā ‘to
pant with heat’; M. lakhlakh f. ‘keen hunger’.
10877 *lakka—1. 4. laṅga—1: laṅgṛāṇū ‘to limp’.
10878 *lakka—
2 ‘lump’. 2. *laṅka—2. [Cf. similar series in
‘defective’ word—groups s.v. *lakka—1. — Other word-
groups for ‘lump’ with initial l— s.vv. *laḍḍu—2
(*laṇḍa—3), *ladda—1 (*landa—2), *liṅga—3, liṭṭa—3
(*liṇḍa—2, *lēḍa—, *lēḍḍa—2, *lēṇṭa—, lēṇḍa—2), *lidda—3
(*linda—, *lēdda—2, *lēddha—2, *lēnta—, *lēntha—), *libba—2,
lōgá—, *lōcca—2, *luṭṭa—2 (luṇḍikā—), *lōttha—2
(*lōdda—2, *lōddha—2, *lōnda—), *lumba—2 (*lumbara—)]
1. N. lakku ‘heap, pile of money (esp. in gambling)’;
H. lakkā m. ‘lump, piece’.
2. P. laṅg f. ‘heap’; H. lā̃k f. ‘heap’.
Addenda: *lakka—2: 2. *laṅka—2: WPah.kṭg. lɔṅg m. ‘nose—stud’,
J. loṅg m.
*lakkuṭa— see lakuṭa— Add2.
10879 *lakka—
3 ‘waist, loins’.
Pk. lakkha— m.n. ‘body’; S. laku m. ‘waist, loins,
pass between hills’; L. lakk m. ‘waist, loins’; P. lakk,
lakkā m. ‘waist, middle’, lakku m. ‘loins’; WPah.
bhad. lakk n. ‘waist’, H. lā̃k f.
*lakkuṭa— ‘stick’ see lakuṭa—.
10900 *laṅga—2 ‘tray, basket, net’.
P. laṅgarā m. ‘earthen vessel used by dyers’; N.
nāṅlo ‘winnowing tray’; A. lāṅgi ‘fishing net’; B.
lāṅgul ‘basket for corn’.
10901 *laṅga—3 ‘end of loincloth’. [Cf. lañja—3 ‘end of cloth
tucked in behind’ lex. (same as lañja—2 ‘tail’? —
Phonet. cf. lañja—1 ~ laṅga—1 s.v. *lakka—1). — Poss.
conn. with liṅga1— or *liṅga—3 and the word—groups
s.v. lakka—1 many of which provide a word for ‘penis’]
Kho. (Lor.) luṅ ‘loincloth’; H. lā̃g f. ‘fold of cloth
between thighs’ (→ P. lā̃gaṛ f. ‘loincloth’).
*laṅgapaṭṭa—.
10907 *lacc— ‘bend, sway’. 2. *lañc—. [Cf. lañcā—?]
1. H. lacnā ‘to bend, give way’, G. lacvũ, M. laċṇẽ;
— ext. —kk—: P. lacakṇā ‘to yield under a load’; N.
lackinu ‘be bent, droop, sway (as a bridge)’; H.
lacaknā ‘to be bent’, G. lacakvũ; M. laċakṇẽ ‘to slip
down’.
2. G. lā̃cvũ ‘to bend down’.
10908 *laccha— ‘defective’, [Cf. *licca—, *lucca—: see list
s.v. *lakka—1]
N. lāchi ‘weak, cowardly, worthless’; — Sh. (Lor.)
lāċh ‘impotent’ (ċh?).
LAJJ ‘be ashamed’. [J. Wackernagel Festgabe
Jacobi 13 lajjátē < rájyatē: cf. mng. ‘blush’ in H.]
lajjátē, lajjā—, lajjāpayati, lajjālu—, lajjita—,
*lajjira—, lajjirī—, alajja—, nirlajja—, *nilajjāpita—,
salajja—.
10918 *laṭṭa—2: laṭakṇū ‘to cling, hang’.
10920 *laḍ—2 ‘fight’. 2. *laḍḍ—2. 3. *laḍh—.
1. P. laṛṇā ‘to fight’, WPah.bhad. bhal. laṛṇū, cam.
laṛṇā, Ku. laṛṇo, A. lariba, B. laṛā, OAw. laraï, H.
laṛnā (→ N. laṛnu, Mth. laṛab, Bhoj. laṛal), G. laṛvũ.
2. K. laḍun.
3. Or. laṛhibā, na°, M. laḍhṇẽ.
Addenda: *laḍ—2: WPah.kṭg. lɔṛnõ; ‘to fight’, J. laṛṇu; Garh.
laṛnu ‘to quarrel’.
10921 *laḍa— ‘string, garland’. [See *laṭṭa—2]
K. lar f. ‘string of necklace’; L. laṛī f. ‘strand of
cord’, mult. laṛ m., P. laṛī f.; Ku. laṛ ‘garland, string’,
laṛo ‘cord’, laṛi ‘garland, string of beads’; N. lari,
lariyā ‘skein of cotton removed after spinning’; Mth.
lar ‘strand of rope’; OAw. larī f. ‘string of pearls’, H.
laṛ, laṛī f., OMarw. laṛa f., M. laḍ, laḍī f.
Addenda: *laḍa—: WPah.kc. lɔṛṭo, lɔḷṭo ‘rope’.
10924 *laḍikka— ‘child’. 2. *laḍḍikka—. [Cf. lāḍī̆ka— m.
‘boy, servant’ lex. ‘Defective’ word ~ laṭa—, laḍḍa—,
lala—. Cf. láṭati ‘acts childishly’, laṭva— m. ‘dancing
boy’. Similar formations in Mu. PMWS 114]
1. P. laṛkā m. ‘boy’, °kī f. ‘girl’, Aw.lakh. Bhoj.
larikā; — altern. < 2 with shortening of vowel: Gy.
eur. raklo m., °li f. (< *larako), WPah.cur. laṛkā m.,
Ku. laṛīk, B. leṛkā, Mth. laṛikā, laṛkā, H. laṛkā m.,
°kī f.
2. P. laḍikkā m. ‘spoilt child’, N. laṛko, °ki, A.
lārikā; G. lāḍkũ n. ‘darling’, M. lāḍkā m.
10925 *laḍḍ—1 ‘slip, run’. [~*raḍḍ—]
S. laḍ̱aṇu ‘to run’, L. laḍḍaṇ; N. laṛnu ‘to slip,
stumble’; A. lariba ‘to run’.
*laḍḍ—2 ‘fight’ see *laḍ—2.
laḍḍa— see laṭṭa—1.
*laḍḍikka— ‘child’ see *laḍikka—.
10927 *laḍḍu—2 ‘lump’. 2. laṇḍa—3 n. ‘excrement’ BhP.
[Prob. same as laḍḍu—1: see list s.v. *lakka—2. — Cf.
‘defective’ word—group s.v. *laṭṭa—1]
1. Dm. laŕāu ‘dough’; Paš.al. lāṛū ‘dough’, lauṛ.
laḍū́ ‘walnut, ball, grain’, as numerator in dū laḍū́
ā́ṇḍa ‘two eggs’, uzb. līṅ—laḍḍī ‘walnut’; A. lāru ‘ball
of any soft substance’; B. nāṛ ‘hard stools’ (or < 2?);
H. laḍḍū m. ‘ball, lump’.
2. Pa. laṇḍa— n. ‘dung’, aja—laṇḍikā— f. ‘goat's dung’;
Or. laṇḍā ‘big lumps of cowdung or spittle’; — B.
see 1.
*laḍḍha— ‘defective’ see laṭṭa—1.
*laḍh— ‘fight’ see *laḍ—2.
*laṇṭa—, *laṇṭha—1 ‘defective’ see laṭṭa—1.
*laṇṭha—2 ‘tangled’ see *laṭṭa—2.
LAṆḌ ‘toss up’: *avalaṇḍayati, *ullaṇḍati; -
√laṭ?
*laṇḍa—1 ‘defective’ see laṭṭa—1.
*laṇḍa—2 ‘tangled’ see *laṭṭa—2.
laṇḍa—3 ‘excrement’ see *laḍḍu—2.
*laṇḍara—, *laṇḍha— ‘defective’ see laṭṭa—1.
Addenda: *laḍḍu—2. 1. WPah.kc. laḍu m. ‘burning piece of
charcoal’.
3. †;*laḍu—: WPah.poet. laṛu m. ‘charcoal’.
*laṇṭha—1, *laṇḍa—1 ‘defective’ see *laṭṭa—1 Add2.
10930 *
latta—1 ‘defective’ (sanskritized as
laktaka— n. ‘dirty
tattered cloth’ Suśr.,
naktaka— n. lex.?). 2. *
lattara—.
3. *
latthara—. 4. *
laddhara—. 5. *
lanta—.
6. *
lantara—. 7. *
landa—1. 8. *
latra— (~
litra—). [Cf.
*
litta—, *lutta—, laṭṭa—
1: see list s.v. *
lakka—
1. — Cf.
*
ladda—1, *landa—
2 ‘lump’]
1. Ash.
lat ‘lazy’; Paš.
latā m. ‘rag’; L.awāṇ.
lattā
‘clothes’; P.
lattā m. ‘rag’,
nattā m. ‘piece of woollen
cloth to wipe out oil—press’; WPah.bhal.
lato m. ‘small
rag put in a gun’; Ku.
lātā,
lattā,
latā m. pl. ‘clothes’;
H.
lattā m. ‘tattered cloth’; G.
lattũ n. ‘rag’; M.
lattī
f. ‘torn strip’.
2. Bi.
latrī ‘old shoes’; H.
latrā ‘tattered, torn’.
3. N.
lāthro ‘young sapling, soft young branch’,
lathrakka ‘exhausted’; H.
lathar ‘dirty’.
4. H.
laddhar ‘clumsily patched’.
5. Pa.
nantaka— n. ‘shred, rag’; Pk
.ṇaṁtaga— n.
‘cloth, clothes’.
6. Ku.
lantarā ‘rags’.
7. Si.
lan̆da ‘young woman’ (< ‘*small’: cf.
latā—
2).
8. Bshk.
lāl, f.
lēl ‘bad’, Tor.
lāš, Chil.
lačo AO
xviii 241.
*
latta—2 ‘tangled’ see *
laṭṭa—
2.
*
lattara— ‘defective’ see *
latta—
1.
10931 *lattā—: latt f. ‘kick’.
10933 *ladda—1 ‘lump’. 2. *landa—2. [Cf. *lidda—3, *lōdda—2,
*laḍḍu—2: see list s.v. *lakka—2. — Cf. ‘defective’
word—group s.v. *latta—1]
1. Pk. laddī— f. ‘elephant's dung’; K. lôdu m. ‘dung-
hill’; Ku. lād ‘belly’, lādo ‘excreta of belly, belly’; N.
lādo ‘belly’, lādi ‘excrement of goats and sheep, con-
temptuous term for food’; A. lād ‘round solid dung of
animals’, ladā ‘lump, solidified mass’; B. nād ‘dung of
animals’, nādi ‘dung pellet (as of goats)’; Or. nāda
‘dung of animals’, G. lādi f.; M. lādā m. ‘mass of
kneaded dough’.
2. G. lā̃dɔ m. ‘clammy lump’.
*ladda—2 ‘tangled’ see *laṭṭa—2.
*laddhara—, *lanta—, *lantara—, *landa—1 ‘defective’
see *latta—1.
*landa—2 ‘lump’ see *ladda—1.
LAP ‘chatter’: *lapa—, lápati, lapana—, *lāpana—,
lāpayati1; apalāpa—, *apalāpayatē, ālapati, *ālapi-
traka—, *ālapyati, ālāpá—, *ālāpayati, ālāpya—,
ālāpana—1, *upalapati, ullapati, ullāpayati, pra-
lāpá—, vílapati, vilapana—, vilapyati, vilāpa—,
vilāpayati1, saṁlapati; — √rap1.
10939 *lappa—1: lepsṇū (G. lapasvũ) ‘to slip’.
10940 *lappa—2: lapaṇ f. ‘slap’.
10942 *lappēṭṭ— ‘wrap’. [√*lapp]
P. lapeṭnā ‘to wrap’, Ku. lapeṭṇo, N. lapeṭnu; B.
lapeṭ ‘a fold’, lapṭāna ‘to fold’; Bi. lapeṭan ‘wooden
roller on which cloth is wound as weaved’; OAw.
lapeṭaï ‘wraps up’; H. lapeṭnā ‘to wrap, fold, wind’,
G. lapeṭvũ, M. lapeṭṇẽ.
*lappha—1 ‘sudden movement’ see *lappa—1.
Addenda: *lappēṭṭ—: WPah.kṭg. lƏpeṭṇõ; ‘to twist, wrap’, J.
lapeṭṇu.
*lappha—1 ‘jump’ see *lappa—1 Add2.
10943 *lappha—2: lapoṛ—sãkh (term of abuse). 3. *labba—:
lābaṛ—caṭo ‘untrue, unreliable’.
10972 *lalla— ‘inarticulate noise’, 2. lallara— ‘stammering’
lex., lalalla— Kathās.
1. Pk. lalla— ‘making an inarticulate noise’; Gy.
span. laló ‘a Portuguese’, pal. lálă ‘dumb’; K. lalawun
‘to talk foolishly, babble’.
2. Gy. gr. laloró, germ. lalƏro, eng. lullero ‘dumb’; -
cf. S. larlari f. ‘gabbling’.
*lallakka—.
10984 *lavaṇḍa— ‘servant, boy’. [Cf. Psht. lawaṇḍ ‘vaga-
bond, rake’]
Ash. lƏwén ‘slave’, Wg. lawә́ṇƏ, loṓṇ, Kt. láwäṇ,
Bashg. lonī, Pr. lū̆ṇḍū́, Dm. lawán; Paš. lawoṇ—mārī
‘wanton woman’, (LSI) lawāṇ ‘slave’; Gaw. lāwáṇ
‘slave’; Phal. lawā́ṇ ‘slave’, lawā́ṇḍ ‘unmarried man’,
lawaṇḍı̄́ ‘unmarried woman’, l° kuṛi ‘slave girl’; P.
laũḍā m. ‘boy, servant’, °ḍī f. ‘servant girl’; Ku. laũṛo,
lauṛo ‘boy, son’, laũṛī, lauṛī ‘slave girl, maidservant,
girl, daughter’; A. lârā ‘male child’; Mth. naũṛī
‘maidservant’; Aw.lakh. laũṛiā ‘daughter’; H. lauṇḍā
m. ‘boy’; G. lɔṇḍɔ m., °ḍī f. ‘slave’, lɔ̃ḍɔ m., °ḍī f.
‘unchaste man or woman’; M. lavãḍī f. ‘female slave’.
10991 *laṣṭi—: laṭṭh m. ‘thick stick’.
10992 *lasa—: lasso ‘glossy’.
10998 *lassī— ‘buttermilk’.
S. lasī f. ‘buttermilk and water, milk and water’;
L. P. lassī f. ‘buttermilk’, awāṇ. lassī ‘sour milk’.
*lahaḍi— ‘wave’ see next.
11000 *lākkuṭa— ‘wooden’. [*lakkuṭa— s.v. lakuṭa—]
S. lākuṛyo ‘wooden’, G. lākuṛ.
11010 *lāṅghaka—: lāṅgho m. ‘a fast’ (but like S. lā̃gho ‘ford,
fordable’ rather < *lāṅghya— replacing laṅghya— ‘to
be traversed’ Kāv., ‘made to fast’ Suśr.).
11012 *lāḍa—: lāṛak, lārak m. ‘best man’.
11021 *lāma— ‘defective’. [Cf. rāmá— ‘dark, black’ AV.,
rāmā́— f. ‘a dark woman’ TS. — See list s.v. *lakka—1]
Pa. lāmaka— ‘inferior, bad, sinful’; Pk. lāmā— f.
‘witch’; S. lāo ‘blunt’, lāmo (< *lāmba—?); P. lāvā̃
‘maimed’; N. lāuke ‘interfering busybody’; M. lā̃v f.
‘ogress, beldam’; Si. lamā ‘childish, infantile’, lamayā
‘child’.
Addenda: *lāma— [ā < IE. o (OHG. lam ‘lame’, OSl. lomiti ‘to
break’) T. Burrow BSOAS xxxviii 76]
11024 *
lārā— ‘string, line’.
S.
lāra f. ‘string of any glutinous substance’; P.
lār
f. ‘line’; N.
lāri ‘halter of twisted twigs for sheep’; H.
lār f. ‘string’; OMarw.
lāra ‘at the back, behind’; G.
lār f. ‘line’,
lārũ n. ‘long line’,
lāre ‘behind’.
11028 *lālā—2 ‘tongue of bell’. [Cf. lalati ‘lolls, wags (of
tongue)’ Kathās.]
S. lāra f. ‘tongue of bell’, Ku. N. rālo, G. lāḷī f.
11044 *likka—: (X likṣā́—?) likh adv. ‘a little’.
11052 *liṅga—3 ‘lump’. [Cf. lōgá—: see list s.v. *lakka—2. -
Cf. *liṅga—2 ‘defective’]
K. nĕng f. ‘great pile of cooked rice’, nĕngürü f.
‘small hard lump of human excrement’; Or. liṅgā
‘fleshy tumour or wart on shoulders of a bullock’.
liṅgika— see *likka—.
11053 *licca— ‘defective’. 2. *liccha—. 3. *lijjha—. 4. *lēcca—.
5. *lēñca— (~ *rēñca—). [Cf. *laccha—, *lucca—:
see list s.v. *lakka—1]
1. K. lyoċu ‘weak’, lĕċun ‘to become weak or flabby’;
N. liccaṛ ‘miserly’, H. līcaṛ (not with ND 556 b 6 <
lípsatē).
2. Kho. ličhak ‘flabby, swaying’.
3. H. lījhā ‘tasteless, juiceless, useless’.
4. Ku. lecaṛ ‘shameless, miserly’, lyacṛā m. pl. ‘half-
cooked bread, blots’; M. leċṇẽ ‘to yield’.
5. Or. leñca ‘mean—minded, low—class’.
*liccha—, *lijjha— ‘defective’ see prec.
11054 *
liṭṭa—1 ‘defective’ (
liṭyati ‘is small, is contemptible’
Pāṇ.gaṇa). 2. *
liḍḍa—. 3. *
liṇḍa—1. 4. *
liṇḍara—.
5. *
līḍa—. 6. *
lēṭṭha—. 7. *
lēḍḍa—1. 8. *
lēṇṭa-
(~ *
rēṇṭa—). 9. *
lēṇḍa—1 (~ *
rēṇḍa—). 10. *
lēṇḍ-
ara—. 11. *
lēṇḍha—. [Cf. *
laṭṭa—1, *luṭṭa—1 *litta—:
see list s.v. *
lakka—
1. — Cf. *
liṭṭa—3, *liṇḍa—2,
*lēḍḍa—2, *lēṇḍa—
2 ‘lump’]
1. Pk.
liṭṭia— ‘greedy, lustful’, n. ‘flattery’; A.
liṭikā
‘dwarfed’.
2. Tor.
liṭ, obl.
liḍe ‘small’, (Biddulph) "
lid" ‘in-
fant’; K.
lĕḍ ‘cowardly, weakly’; P.
liḍḍ f. ‘cowardice’;
H.
liḍār ‘cowardly’, m. ‘jackal’ (cf. *
giḍḍara—); M.
liḍyā ‘lean and weak (esp. of a child)’.
3. Ku.
lino ‘tailless, bastard, shameless, weak’; N.
lı̃ṛo ‘tailless, worthless’,
lı̃ṛe ‘tailless, obstinate’.
4. Ku.
linro =
lino in 3.
5. S.
līṛa f. ‘rag, strip of cloth’; P.
līṛā m. ‘cloth in
general’.
6. N.
leṭhan ‘obstinacy’; A.
leṭhā ‘hindrance’, B.
leṭhā,
leṭā.
7. Sh. (Lor.)
le_ṛo ‘bastard’; B.
leṛā ‘bald’,
neṛā
‘lopped, shorn, bald’; Or.
leṛa ‘menstrual blood’; Si.
leḍa ‘sick’,
leḍā ‘sick person’,
leḍaya,
°ḍē ‘disease’.
8. Or.
leṇṭā ‘inferior, contemptible’.
9. Ash.
le/ṇḍe ‘bald’ (or <
laṇḍa—
1), Dm.
lyēṇḍa,
Paš.weg.
lēṇḍā́, ar.
lẽrṓ, dar.
lẽṛā́; Or.
leṇḍā ‘inferior,
contemptible’; Bi.
lẽṛurī ‘empty maize cob’; H.
lẽḍī
‘impotent, cowardly’; M.
lẽḍyātāḍ m. ‘the male or
barren palmyra’.
10. H.
lẽḍrā =
lẽḍī in 9.
11. Bi.
lẽṛhā ‘empty maize cob’, Mth.
neṛhā; H.
lẽḍhā m. ‘smut, mildew’.
*
liṭṭa—2 ‘tangled’ see *
laṭṭa—
2.
Addenda: *
liṭṭa—1. 3.
liṇḍa—1: WPah.poet.
liṇḍo ‘tailless’, J.
lı̃ḍā.
*
liṇḍa—1 ‘defective’ see *
liṭṭa—
1 Add
2.
11055 *liṭṭa—3. 4. *lēḍḍa—2: liḍḍ f. ‘dung’ (see *lidda—3).
11056 *litta—. 7. *lēttha—: lithaṛṇū (G. lathaṛvũ) ‘to stagger’.
11057 *
lidda—3 ‘lump’. 2. *
linda—. 3. *
lēdda—2.
4. *
lēddha—2. 5. *
lēnta—. 6. *
lēntha—. [Cf. *
ladda—1,
*lōttha—2, *liṭṭa—
3: see list s.v. *
lakka—
2. — Cf.
‘defective’ word—group s.v. *
litta—. — Orm.
lid
‘horse dung’ NTS v 21 (unless this, to avoid
dil ‘heart’,
is metath. of *
dil < *
dr̥t— in Sogd.
drtyč, Chvarezmian
dirt, Wkh.
dƏrt ‘dung’ W. Henning in letter)]
1. K.
lĕd, dat.
lë̆zü f. ‘dung of horses, mules, asses,
elephants’, S.
liḍ̱i f., L.
lidd,
liḍḍ, (Ju.)
liḍ̱ f., awāṇ.
lid,
P.
lidd f.; Ku.
lido ‘dung of goats’; N.
lidi ‘dung of
horses and other animals’; Bi.
līd,
līdī,
liddī f. ‘dung
of horses and elephants’, Mth.
liddā, H. G. M.
līd f.
2. K.
nĕnd f. ‘piled up large solidified heap of stale
boiled rice’.
3. A.
ledenā ‘faeces and urine of a sick person’; B.
nedi ‘cowdung cake’; Or.
neda,
ledi,
nedi ‘solid circular
bit of dung’; Bi.
led,
ledā,
ledī ‘clod used as counter-
poise on a lever’.
4. Bi. (SE)
ledho ‘clod as counterpoise on beam of
water—lift’, Mth.
ledh.
5. Or.
lentā ‘mass, collection, bundle’.
6. Or.
lenthā ‘id.’.
*
liddhara— ‘defective’ see *
litta—.
*
linda— ‘lump’ see *
lidda—
3.
lindu— see *
litta—.
LIP ‘smear’:
liptá—1, lipyatē, limpá—, limpáti,
lēpa—, lēpana—, lēpayati, *lēptra—, lēpya—; *ava-
lipya—, avalēpayati, ālipta—, ālimpana—, ālēpa—,
ālēpana—, ālēpayati, upalēpayati, pralipta—, pralē-
payati, vilēpana—, *saṁlipta—, *saṁlēpana—.
Addenda: *
lidda—3. 1. WPah.kṭg.
līd f. ‘horse dung’.
4. †;*
lēdha— in OP.
māṁlīha f. ‘dried cowdung as
fuel’, P.
malīh f. < †;*
māhiṣalēdha—?
11063 *libba—1: libb m. ‘saliva’, lipph f. ‘babble’, libṛī f.
‘chatter’.
11064 *libba—2 ‘lump’. [See list s.v. *lakka—2. — Cf. *libba—1
‘defective’]
K. lyobu, dat. lĕbis m. ‘lump of cowdung’.
11068 *lissa—: liss m. ‘an attack of cold’.
11070 *līkkā—2 ‘track, line’.
S. līka f., °ko m. ‘line, streak’, līkaṇu ‘to trace out-
lines’; L. līk f. ‘line, crack in soil’, līkā m. ‘line’; P. līk
f. ‘line, track, rut’; N. likh, lig ‘line, rut, path’; B. lik
‘line, track, rut’, H. G. līk f. — X lḗkhā— q.v.
līkṣā— see likṣā́—.
*līḍa— ‘defective’ see *liṭṭa—1
*lība— ‘defective’ see *libba—1.
11071 *līra— ‘defective’. 2. *lēra—. 3. *lēlla—1. [Cf. *lēlla—2
and the rhyming cīra—: see list s.v. *lakka—1]
1. L. līr f. ‘rag’, (Ju.) līrā̃ ‘ragged, shabby’; P. līr f.
‘strip of cloth, rag’.
2. Or. lera ‘rheum of eyes’ (semant. cf. *lēdda—1).
3. S. lelhaṛu m. ‘lazy worthless person’; Or. lelhā
‘weak’, leliha ‘louse’ (< *lēllibha—?).
*līsa— ‘defective’ see *lissa—.
11072 *lukka—1. 2. *lugga—: lūghṛo m. ‘a cloth’.
11073 *lucca— ‘defective’. 2. *luñca— (~ *rōñca—).
3. *luñja—. 4. *lōcca—1 (cf. lōcaka—1 ‘stupid’ lex.).
5. *lōjjha—. [Cf. Pers. luč, lunǰ ‘naked’. — Cf. *laccha—,
*licca—: see list s.v. *lakka—1]
1. Kal.rumb. lūča ‘unembroidered part of cloak’;
K. luc ‘wicked’ ← Ind.; S. lucu m. ‘blackguard’, luco
‘infamous’; L. luccā ‘of bad character’, (Ju.) luc, luccā
‘quarrelsome’, awāṇ. luccā m. ‘rascal’; P. lucc m.
‘lecher’, luccā ‘profligate’; WPah.bhad. lucpŏṇ ‘de-
bauchery’ (< —tvana—); Ku. luccā ‘miserly’, lucṛo ‘lean,
mean’, gng. luċ ‘miser’; N. lucco ‘profligate’; A. lussā
‘licentious’, B. Or. luccā; H. luc ‘naked, bare’, luccā
‘profligate’, lucṛā ‘silly, sycophantic’; G. luccũ ‘lewd’,
M. luċċā.
2. P. luñj m. ‘paralysis (of a limb), crookedness’,
luñjā ‘crippled’; Ku. lũj ‘devoid of use of hands or
feet, gouty’.
3. H. lũj, luñj, lũjā, luñjā ‘crippled in hands or feet’
4. Or. loccā ‘profligate, lewd’.
5. L. lojhvā̃ ‘crooked’; N. lojho ‘slack, slow’.
LUÑC ‘pluck out’: luñcati, luñcana—.
*luñca— ‘defective’ see *lucca—.
11076 *luṭṭa—1 ‘defective’. 2. *luṭṭha—. 3. *luḍa-
(~ *ruḍa—). 4. *luḍḍa—. 5. *luṇṭa— (~ *ruṇṭa—;
cf. luṇṭāka— m. ‘crow’ lex.). 6. luṇṭhaka— m. ‘robber’
Hcar. (cf. *luṭṭati). 7. *luṇḍa— (~ ruṇḍa—).
8. *luṇḍara—. 9. *lōṭṭa—1. 10. *lōṭṭha—. 11. *lōṇṭha—.
[Cf. *laṭṭa—1, *liṭṭa—1, *lutta—: see list s.v. *lakka—1.
— Cf. *luṭṭa—2 ‘lump’. — Par. lúṇḍu ‘short’, Psht. laṇḍ
← IA. IIFL i 269]
1. Ash. luṭ ‘young man’; Wg. lṳ̄ṭ ‘young bearded
man’; Tor. lūṭ ‘small’; Phal. ṣiṣa—lúṭo ‘bald—headed’;
Sh. lŭṭŭ ‘bare, bare—headed’; — altern. < 2: forms of
Gaw. Kho. Si.
2. Pk. luṭṭha— n. ‘broken piece of brick’; Gaw. luṭh,
luṭ ‘young’, sb. ‘bridegroom’ NOGaw 42; Kho.
(Morgenstierne) luṭh ‘big’, (Lor.) luṭ ‘big, senior, old’,
luti (= ṭ: < *luṭṭhiya—) ‘greatness’; N. luṭho ‘loose-
living bachelor’, luṭhi ‘young unmarried woman (spoken
contemptuously)’; A. luṭhuṅ—ṭhuṅgīyā ‘destitute, home-
less’.
3. N. lure ‘a lean fellow’; A. lurumā ‘stunted in
growth’; M. luḍā—khuḍā ‘old, infirm’, luḍmā ‘stunted’
(or < 4).
4. Tor. luḍ ‘small’ (or < lūṭ in 1); M. see 3.
5. S. luṇḍu m. ‘intercalary month’, luṇḍo ‘tailless,
destitute’; L. luṇḍā ‘tailless, shameless, of bad
character’, (Ju.) m. ‘money paid to a husband to
divorce his wife’, awāṇ. lũḍā—bucā ‘immoral’; P. luṇḍ
m. ‘shameless person’, luṇḍā ‘tailless, wifeless’; WPah.
jaun. lū̃ḍ ‘blackguard’; — altern. < 7: K. lunḍa ‘pro-
fligate’; N. lũṛinu ‘to have the leaves plucked off’.
6. Pk. luṁṭhaga— m. ‘rogue’; G. luṇṭhɔ m. ‘vaga-
bond’.
7. Paš. luṇḍa—bā́z ‘frivolous girl’; Sh. (Lor.) lund,
lon, pl. luni (= ṇḍ?), jij. (Morgenstierne) lɔṇ ‘penis’ (or
< laṇḍa—1?); H. lũḍā ‘tailless, cropped’; G. lū̃ḍɔ m.
‘contemptuous term for a man’, lū̃ḍāī f. ‘roguery’; M.
lũḍā ‘mutilated’; — K. N. altern. < 5.
8. Kho. (Lor.) luṇḍur ‘ill—shaped person’ (or <
*laṇḍara—).
9. Pk. loṭṭa—, °aya— m. ‘unripe rice, elephant calf’.
10. M. loṭhā ‘sturdy’; — Kho. loṭhoro ‘younger’
(rather < *laṭṭhara—); A. loṭhorā ‘plump, fleshy’ (or
< lōṣṭá—).
11. G. lõ;ṭhɔ ‘stout, rude, cunning’.
Addenda: *luṭṭa—1. 2. *luṭṭha—: WPah.kṭg. lv́ṭhṛɔ ‘bald—headed’.
5. *luṇṭa—: WPah.poet. lvṇḍa m. ‘rogue’.
6. luṇṭhaka—: also G. lũṭhũ ‘violent’.
12. †;*lōṇḍa—: Md. lon̆ḍu ‘lazy’.
11077 *luṭṭa—2 ‘lump’. 2. *luḍa—2. 3. luṇḍikā— f. ‘ball,
mass, excrement’ lex. 4. *lōṭṭa—.2 [Into this series,
paralleled by *liṭṭa—3 and others s.v. *lakka—2, would
fit Pk. loṭṭha— < lōṣṭá— TS. which has similar varia-
tions of root vowel and ending in lōṣṭu— lex., lēṣṭu—,
nēṣṭu— MBh. — Cf. ‘defective’ word—group s.v.
*luṭṭa—1]
1. K.pog. kash. lŏṭ ‘head’; Ku. luṭo ‘heap of grass’.
2. B. luṛi, nuṛi ‘pebble, ball, nodule’ (ODBL <
lōṣṭá—).
3. Or. luṇḍā, nuṇḍā ‘fire—wisp’; Bi. lū̃ṛā, nū̃ṛā,
nuṇḍā ‘bundle of grass for cleaning vessels’; Mth.
lū̃ṛā, nū̃ṛā ‘id.’, lū̃ṛī ‘bundle’; H. lũḍā, lũṛā m. ‘lump,
ring of twisted grass’.
4. Sh. lōṭu̯ m. ‘ball of flour or ghee’, lōṭi̯ f. ‘football’.
Addenda: *luṭṭa—2. 3. luṇḍikā—: A. lũrā, nũrā ‘mass, ball’ AFD
229, 425.
11078 *luṭṭati: lū̃ṭṇū ‘to plunder’.
11081 *lutta— ‘defective’. 2. *luttara—. 3. *lutthara—.
4. *lunda— (~ *runda—). 5. *lōtta—. 6. *lōttara—.
7. *lōttha—1. 8. *lōtthara—. 9. *lōdda—1.
10. *lōddara—. 11. *lōddha—1. [Cf. Pers. lūt ‘naked’,
Kurd. rūt. — Similar word—groups s.vv. *latta—1,
*litta—, *luṭṭa—1: see list s.v. *lakka—1. — Cf. a
similar group for ‘lump’ s.v. *lōttha—3]
1. K. lath, dat. lüċü f. ‘slender woman’, lọ̆tu ‘trivial,
frivolous, easy to manage or endure, mild, soft, slow’
(LM 397 wrongly < laghú—); N. luto ‘small weakly
boy’, lute ‘weakling’, lutyāhā ‘weak and worthless
fellow’.
2. P. lutrā ‘trifling’; N. luture ‘weak, thin, sickly’,
lutrukka ‘flabby, shrunken’; A. luturā ‘sensual’; H.
lutrā ‘sycophantic, silly, making mischief’; M. lutrā
‘tattling’.
3. N. luthrukka ‘wet through and through’; A.
luthari—piṭhā ‘rice—flour boiled in water and mixed
with milk and sugar’.
4. L.mult. lundā ‘tailless, shameless’; — N. lũdo
‘fold of fat round body’ (or rather < *lōnda— ‘lump’?).
5. N. lote ‘slack, lazy’.
6. Or. lotarā ‘flabby, worn—out’.
7. G. loth ‘fatigued, inferior’; — in sense ‘corpse’
(S. lotha f., L.awāṇ. P. N. H. G. M. loth f.) perh.
rather < lōttha—2.
8. N. lothro, °re ‘slack, clumsy, lax, faint’; Or.
lotharā ‘eunuch’, lothari ‘corpulent woman’.
9. K. lōda m. ‘fool, dolt’.
10. N. lodar ‘misfortune, ill luck’; A. lodorā ‘stout’.
11. Ku. lodho ‘lean, weak, shameless’; A. lodhomā
‘corpulent’; G. lodhɔ m. ‘a huge creature’; — M.
lodhā m. ‘corpse’ or < *lōddha—2 see 7 above.
*luttara—, *lutthara— ‘defective’ see *lutta—.
11087 *lumba—1 ‘defective’. 2. *lōbba— (~ *rōbba—). [Cf.
*lappha—2, *libba—1: see list s.v. *lakka—1. — Cf.
*lumba—2 ‘lump’]
1. Ku. lumṛo ‘miserly’; N. lumro ‘weak’, lumre
‘ragged’.
2. Ku. lobṛo ‘simple, humble, lean, greedy’.
11088 *lumba—2 ‘lump’. 2. *lumbara—. 3. *lōppa—
(lōptrī— f. ‘lump of dough’ Bhpr. sanskritization of
MIA. *loppaḍī—?). [See list s.v. *lakka—2. — Cf.
*lumba—1 ‘defective’]
1. M. lũbḍẽ n. ‘clog round bullock's neck’.
2. Ku. lumuro ‘excrescence on body (wen &c.)’.
3. H. lopṛī, lupṛī f. ‘lump’; — N. lopro ‘bit, chip,
shaving’, loprā—lopr i ‘parings’ (or < lōpya—?).
Addenda: *lumba—2: WPah.poet. lumbṭu m. ‘cluster of flowers’,
lumbṭuo ‘thick, compact, dense (e.g. of fog)’.
11090 *lulla— ‘defective’. 2. *lōlla—. [~ *rulla—, *nunna—.
— Cf. lulita— ‘hurt’ MBh: direct derivation < lū́ta—
‘cut off’ (*lūa—lla— LM 399) is, in view of similar
‘defective’ word—groups, very doubtful. — Cf.
*lēlla—1: see list s.v. *lakka—1]
1. Sh. (Lor.) rūlo ‘weak, feeble, useless, worthless’;
S. lūlo ‘maimed’; L. lullī f. ‘penis’; P. lull ‘penis
puerilis’ (LM 401 wrongly < lōla—); Ku. lūl ‘thin tall
man’, lūlo ‘lame’, lulī ‘penis’; N. lulo ‘maimed,
crippled, limp’; B. nul, nulā ‘handless, lame in hand’,
sb. ‘arm without hand, arm (in general)’; Or. lulā
‘simpleton, maimed in hand (= nulā)’; Mth. lulh ‘one-
armed’; Bhoj. lūlh ‘armless man’; H. lūlā ‘maimed,
handless’; OMarw. lulaü ‘lame’, G. lūlũ; M. lulā
‘maimed’.
2. Or. lolo ‘impotent, fat but not strong’; H. lolo m.
‘penis puerilis’ (or < *lōḍa—).
*ālulla—.
11091 *lussa— ‘defective’. 2. *lōssa—. [Cf. *lissa—: see list
s.v. *lakka—1]
1. S. lusu ‘hairless, featherless’; Or. lusuṛi ‘very
rotten (of fruit), wrinkled (of skin)’; G. lus ‘cut off,
dropped’.
2. K. lōsa m. ‘fatigue, languor’, lūsu ‘tired’, lōsun ‘to
become tired’; N. loso ‘slack’; Or. losaṛā ‘flabby’.
LŪ ‘cut’: láva—1, *lava—2, *lavati, lávana—, lavítra—,
lavya—, lāva—, lāvaka—, *lāvana—, lāvya—, *lāvyatē,
lunā́ti, lū́ta—, lūna—, lūni—; alūna—, *avalavati,
ālava—, *ālavana—, *ālūta—, *ullāva—, pralūna—.
lūkṣá— see rūkṣá—.
*lūṭati ‘plunders’ see *luṭṭati.
Addenda: *lussa— ‘defective’: WPah.kṭg. lúś—phúśśɔ ‘slippery’ see
*phuss—1, *phiss— in Add2.
11097 *lūṣati ‘burns’. 2. lūṣáyati2 ‘*causes to burn’
(‘injures’ Dhātup.). 3. *lōṣati. 4. *lūṣyatē. [√*lūṣ2]
1. Pk. lūsaï ‘destroys, distresses’; Kt. luṣ— ‘to burn’;
P. lūhṇā ‘to be burnt’.
2. S. lūhaṇu (pres. part. lūhīndo) tr. ‘to burn, scorch’.
3. Dm. loṣ— tr. ‘to roast’; Gaw. loṣ— intr. ‘to burn’;
Kho. paz loṣik ‘to have heartburn’.
4. Dm. luṣ— ‘to be burnt’; S. lūsaṇu tr. ‘to scorch,
burn’ (pp. luṭho < *lūṣṭa—2); P. lūsṇā ‘to burn with
anger’.
11099 *lūṣā— ‘burning’. [Cf. arka—lūṣa— m. nom. prop. -
√*lūṣ2]
S. lūha f. ‘hot wind, attack’; L. lō f. ‘hot wind’.
*lūṣṭa—1 ‘stolen’ see lūṣáyati1.
Addenda: *lūṣā—: P. lūh ‘burnt, scalded’; H. (← P.?) lūhar f.
‘flame, the hot summer wind’ → WPah.poet. lūr—be
m.pl. ‘flames’ with —be < vātá—) Him.I 196.
11116 *lēlla—2 ‘lamb, kid’. [Cf. lēlya—: or poss. same as
*lēlla—1 with mng. ‘small’]
S. lelo m. ‘kid’; L. lēlā m., °lī f. ‘lamb, kid’; P. lelā
m., °lī f. ‘lamb’, H. lelā m., leliyānā ‘to bleat’.
11130 *lōcca—2 ‘lump’. [Cf. lōcaka—2 m. ‘lump of flesh’ lex.
— See list s.v. *lakka—2]
G. locɔ m. ‘lump, mass’; M. loċkā m. ‘piece (of
flesh, dough, &c.) bitten or torn off’.
11133 *lōṭṭa—3 ‘waterpot’.
K. loṭa ‘small metal or earthen pot’, S. loṭo m.; L.
loṭā m. ‘waterpot’, P. loṭṭā m., Ku. loṭiyā, N. lohoṭo,
A. B. Or. loṭā, Or. noṭā, Mth. loṭiā, Aw.lakh. loṭiyā,
H. loṭā m., G. loṭɔ m., M. loṭā m.
*lōṭṭha— ‘defective’ see *luṭṭa—1.
lōṭyáti see *lōrtati.
Addenda: *lōṭṭa—3: WPah.poet. loṭa m. ‘waterpot’ ← H.? — J.
loṭā m.
11136 *lōḍa—, lōla— ‘tossing, hanging’ MBh. [√luḍ]
Pa. lōḷa— ‘waving, unsteady, greedy’; Pk. lōla— ‘lust-
ful’, lōra— m.n. ‘eye, tear’; K. lōla f. ‘tongue’; S. rolo
m. ‘wandering’; P. lol m. ‘flap of skin on a bull’; N.
lolā ‘rolls of fat, pendent flesh below chin, rattle’; A.
lolā ‘loose’, B. lola; Or. noḷi ‘earring’; Bi. lor ‘ear-
pendent’; H. lor ‘moving, desirous’, m. ‘ear—ring’,
lolā m. ‘ear—pendent’, lolī, lorī f. ‘lullaby’, lolo m.
‘penis puerilis’ (or < *lōlla—); G. loḷɔ m. ‘tongue’,
loḷiyũ n. ‘pendent’; M. loḷ n. ‘rolling over’; — Si. lela
‘unsteady’ (< *loḷe? — or < lēlya—).
lōḍayati, lōḍyatē see luḍáti.
*lōṇṭha— ‘defective’ see *luṭṭa—1.
lṓta— see rṓda—.
*lōtta—, *lōttara—, *lōttha—1 ‘defective’ see *lutta—.
Addenda: *lōḍa—, lōla—: Md. lō (lolek) ‘eye’.
lōḍayati see luḍáti Add2.
†;*lōṇḍa— ‘defective’ see *luṭṭa—1.
11137 *lōttha—2 ‘lump’. 2. *lōdda—. 3. *lōddha—.
4. *lōnda—. [Cf. *ladda—1, *lidda—3, *luṭṭa—2: see list s.v.
*lakka—2. — Cf. ‘defective’ word—group s.v. *lutta—]
1. H. lothī f. ‘knotted club’, lothṛā, lothṛhā, lothrā
m. ‘lump of flesh’. — For ‘corpse’ words see *lōttha—1.
2. H. lodā m. ‘lump’; G. lodvũ ‘to knead’.
3. M. lodhā m. ‘lump’.
4. N. lũdo ‘fold of fat round belly’ (rather than
< *lunda—); Bi. lõ;dā ‘lump of mud used in building
(= Mth. lõ;dī), ball of tobacco (= Mth. lõ;dā)’; Aw.lakh.
lõmacr;dā ‘lump’, H. lõ;dā m., G. lõ;dɔ m.
11138 *lōttha—3 ‘skin, skin—bag’.
Ku. loth, lot ‘skin’; N. lot ‘money bag’, loto ‘strip of
leather’, loti ‘strip of leather or metal’; H. lothā m.
‘bag’.
*lōtthara—, *lōdda—1 ‘defective’ see *lutta—.
*lōdda—2 ‘lump’ see *lōttha—2.
*lōddara—2 *lōddha—1 ‘defective’ see *lutta—.
*lōddha—2 ‘lump’ see *lōttha—2.
11156 *lōrtati ‘rolls’, lōṭyáti ‘sleeps’ Pāṇ.gaṇa (~ lēṭyati),
luṭyati ‘rolls’ Bhaṭṭ. 2. lṓṭati ‘rolls’ Dhātup. (MIA.
< *lōṭṭ—?). [√*lōrt]
1. Pk. loṭṭaï ‘rolls, sleeps’, luṭṭaï ‘sleeps’; Paš.lauṛ.
lōṭ—, weg. lōṛ— ‘to roll, fall’; Kal. lōtam tr. ‘I roll’
(→ Dm. lōt— NTS xii 177); Kho. (Lor.) lortik intr. ‘to
roll, wallow, writhe’ (pres. st. lart— with anal. a for o
after other pres. stems with orig. a ~ pret. with o <
a); S. loṭiko ‘wandering’; P. loṭṇā intr. ‘to roll’; Ku.
loṭṇo ‘to fall down, sink’, loṭīṇo ‘to happen’; N. loṭnu
‘to roll, wallow’, A. loṭiba, B. loṭā, Or. loṭibā, no°, Mth.
loṭab, H. loṭnā, G. loṭvũ, M. loṭṇẽ.
2. Pa. lōṭana— n. ‘shaking, upsetting’; WPah.bhal.
loṛnū ‘to be necessary’ (semant. cf. Ku. in 1 and H.
paṛnā &c. < pátati). — Altern. < lōḍayati or
láḍati: Kho. loḷik ‘to look for, look at’; P. loṛṇā ‘to
search for’, Or. loṛibā, no°.
lōla— see *lōḍa—.
lōlayati see luḍáti.
lōlubha— see lōbhin—.
*lōlla— ‘defective’ see *lulla—.
*lōṣati ‘burns’ see *lūṣati.
Addenda: *lōrtati: Kho. loxtik ‘to roll’ BKhoT 70; WPah.kṭg.
(kc.) loṭṇõ; ‘to fall down’.
11190 *vaggaḍa—: vagṛo m. ‘wasteland’, (+ áraṇa—) raṇ-
vagṛo m. ‘barren wasteland’.
11192 *vaṅka—2 ‘defective’. 2. *vaṅkara—2. [Same as
vaṅka—1, vaṅkara—1? and vaṅka— m. ‘vagabond’
Bhadrab. — As ‘defective’ words cf. vyàṅga—, vaṇṭa—2,
baṇḍá—. Rhymes with raṅká—, *laṅka—1]
1. Mth. bā̃kī f. ‘barren (of women)’.
2. A. bāṅkrā ‘worthless’ (or < *vaṅka—ḍa—).
Addenda: *vaṅka—2: WPah.kṭg. baṅgṭɔ m. ‘penis’.
VAC: †;avākká—.
11209 *
vañja— or *
vañjha— ‘oak’. [NTS ii 266 compares
vanaja— m. ‘name of various trees’ (semant. cf. Av.
vanā— ‘tree’ > Par.
gan ‘oak’ EVP 87), which is, how-
ever, perh. learned formation for *
vañj(
h)
a—. — Cf.
*
vajjaraṭṭha—]
Ash.
mõmacr;žı̄́ ‘oak’ (< *
wanǰī?), Wg.
mōċ,
mūċ, Kt.
wә́nzī,
wƏzı̄́, Pr.
wṓzu; Paš.
wanǰı̄́ ‘holly—oak’; Niṅg.
banzı̄́ ‘oak’, Woṭ.
banz f., Gaw.
inj̈ı̄́,
hē̃zı̄́; Kal.rumb.
buñ, st.
bōñǰ—, urt.
bonz ‘holly—oak’, Kho.
banǰ (< *
vāñ-
jha—?), Sv.
banž; WPah.bhal.
bañj n. ‘a partic. tree’;
Ku.
bā̃j ‘oak’; N.
bā̃jh ‘the tree Echinocarpus stercu-
liaceus’; H.
bā̃jh,
bā̃j m.,
bañjī f. ‘the oak Quercus
incana’.
11224 *vaḍavaḍa— ‘grumble, mutter’. [Onom. — Cf.
*baḍabaḍa—]
Pk. vaḍavaḍaï ‘mutters’; — cf. M. vaṭvaṭṇẽ ‘to
grumble’.
vaḍiśa— see baḍiśa—.
11347 *varta—2 ‘circular object’ or more prob. ‘something
made of metal’, cf. vartaka—2 n. ‘bell—metal, brass’ lex.
and vartalōha—. [√vr̥t?]
Pk. vaṭṭa— m.n., °aya— m. ‘cup’; Ash. waṭā́k ‘cup,
plate’; K. waṭukh, dat. °ṭakas m. ‘cup, bowl’; S. vaṭo
m. ‘metal drinking cup’; N. bāṭā, ‘round copper or
brass vessel’; A. bāṭi ‘cup’; B. bāṭā ‘box for betel’; Or.
baṭā ‘metal pot for betel’, bāṭi ‘cup, saucer’; Mth.
baṭṭā ‘large metal cup’, bāṭī ‘small do.’, H. baṭṛī f.;
G. M. vāṭī f. ‘vessel’.
*aṅkavarta—, *kajjalavarta—, *kalaśavarta—,
*kṣāṇavartaka—, *cūrṇavarta—, parṇavartikā—,
*hiṅgulavarta—.
Addenda: *varta—2: Md. vař ‘circle’ (vař—han̆du ‘full moon’).
11385 *vardhira— ‘axe, hammer’. [Cf. *varddhr̥—. -
√vardh]
Kho. bƏḍı̄́r ‘sledgehammer (?)’ (→ Gaw. bäḍíl),
Bshk. baḍı̄́r; Phal. baḍhı̄́r ‘axe (?), sledgehammer’ AO
xviii 227: very doubtful.
11404 *valañja— ‘trace, track’. [Cf. lañja—2?]
Pa. valañja— m. ‘track, trace, design, use’ (pada—v°
‘footprint’), valañjēti ‘tracks, uses’; Si. valan̆da ‘sign,
mark’, valan̆danavā ‘to enjoy, eat (esp. of monks)’
EGS 158.
11482 *vāṭiyāla—, vāṭyāla—, °laka— m., °lī— f. ‘Sida rhomboidea
or cordifolia’ lex., vāṭyā— f. Bhpr.
B. beṛelā ‘S. cordifolia’; Or. bāṛiãḷā ‘S. cordifolia or
rhomboidea or spinosa’; H. bāriārī f. ‘S. cordifolia’.
vāṭyāla— see prec.
vāṇá—1 ‘arrow’ see bāṇá—.
Addenda: *vāṭiyāla—: OB. bāṛiāla id.
11483 *vāṇa—2: vāṇ m. ‘coir string on bed frame’.
11584 *vālguḍa— ‘bat’, vālguda— m. Viṣṇ., vāgguda— m. Mn.,
valgula— m. ‘flying fox’ W., °lā— f. lex., °lī— f. Suśr.,
vāguli— f. Kauṭ. 2. *vālduḍa—. [J. Bloch in Thomas
EIS 35 ← Drav. Tam. vaval &c. (DED 4400). -
vātuli— f. ‘large bat’ lex. sanskritized from *vāuli— <
eastern MIA. vāguli— (see Si. bel.)]
1. Pa. vagguli— m.f., °lī— f. ‘bat’, Pk. vagguli— m.; G.
vāgoḷ f. ‘flying fox’, M. vāgūḷ, °gaḷ, vāghūḷ, °ghaḷ f.n.,
Si. vavulā.
2. B. bāduṛ ‘flying fox’, Or. bāduṛi, H. bādur m.
vālguda—, *vālduḍa— ‘flying fox’ see prec.
VĀŚ ‘cry (of animals)’: vāśana—, vāśáyati, vāśita—,
vāśitā́—, *vāśuka— Add., vā́śyatē, vāśrá—; *pravāśman—.
Addenda: *vālguḍa—: Md. vau, vā (vālek) ‘bat’.
11703 *vijjhāyati ‘is burnt out, is extinguished’.
2. Caus. *vijjhāpayati. [Cf. vikṣāma— n. ‘a dead coal’
ŚāṅkhŚr., avakṣā́ṇa— ‘extinguished’, saṁprakṣāpayati
‘extinguishes’ TS. — vidhyāpayati Jain. ‘extinguishes’
is sanskritization of vijjh°. — √*jhai]
1. Pa. vijjhāyati ‘is extinguished’, Pk. vijjhāi, M.
vij̈hṇẽ (Bloch LM 408 < vi—kṣi—); — MIA. *vujjh— <
vijjh— X *ojjh— < *avajjhāyati (rather than X ujjhati
‘leaves’ ND 452 a 35): Sh. bŭžóĭki̯ ‘to be allayed (of
hunger)’; S. ujhaṇu ‘to be extinguished’, P. bujhṇā,
N. bujhnu, B. bujā, Or. bujhibā, buji°, OAw. bujhā̆i, H.
bujhnā. — X mr̥ṣṭa—1 q.v.
2. Pa. vijjhāpēti ‘extinguishes’, Pk. vijjhāvēi, °vaï,
M. vij̈haviṇẽ; — Si. vidavanavā ‘to destroy’ (or poss.
< vidhmāpayati: ES 81 < vi—kṣi—); — S. ujhāiṇu ‘to
extinguish’, P. bujhāuṇā, Ku. bujhūṇo, N. bujhāunu, B.
bujāna, Or. bujāibā, OAw. OMarw. bujhāvaï, H.
bujhānā (→ G. bujhavvũ whence pass. bujhāvũ ‘to be
extinguished’).
Addenda: *vijjhāyati. 2. *vijjhāpayati: Md. vīdanī ‘tears,
destroys’?
11711 *viñcati, vinákti ‘separates’ Dhātup. [Cf. víviñcanti
3 pl. ‘blow through’ RV. — √vic]
Or. biñcibā ‘to fan, scatter on the ground, spread,
sow’ (whence biñcaṇā, °ṇi ‘fan’), biñchibā (ch?) ‘to
scatter, strew’; — M. vẽċṇẽ, veċṇẽ ‘to pick (up, off, out)
one by one, gather, select’ with e from caus. *vēcayati
(vivēcayati ‘separates’ Mn.; semant. cf. Ir. *waič— in
Pers. bīz—, Bal. gēč— ‘to sift’ ~ Oss. veǰun ‘to gather,
pick up’).
11728 *vittha— ‘bowl’.
Pa. (surā—)vittha— n. ‘drinking bowl’, (āvēsana—)
vitthaka— n. ‘small bowl for needles &c.’; Si. vit—a
‘drinking vessel’.
11773 *vināti: vaṇṇū ‘to weave’, vaṇī f. ‘a string’.
12079 *
vr̥mra— ‘globular fruit, walnut’. [Cf.
bímba—,
bimbā— and esp.
bimbu— m. ‘betel—nut tree’ lex.]
Ash.
imŕṓ,
imlō̃́,
imnō̃́ ‘walnut’, Kt.
aŕmŕū́, Bashg.
iamru, Wg.
imrṓ, Dm.
brimū̆,
°mũ, Paš.lauṛ.
liṅ (< *
vr̥m-
baka— IIFL iii 3, 112), ar.
urumī, weg.
wurumı̄́, dar.
werémbū, Shum.
ílo (< *
imrō ← Ash.), Gaw.
limuṛı̄́
(< *
vr̥mbuṭikā—), Kal.
bribṓ, Kho.
birmog (< *
virmaka-
NTS ii 241), Lor. also
birbog; K.
brīm—pōś m. ‘the
waterlily Nymphaea alba’,
brimij f.,
brimdū ‘the tree
Celtis australis (with a small fruit)’ < *
vr̥mra—dru(
ma)—?
—See also
varambarā—.
12091 *vēḍu— ‘reed, bamboo’. [vēṇú— X naḍá— BDCRI 20,
345]
Pa. vēḷu— m. ‘bamboo’, Pk. vēlu—, °luya— m.; Kho.
béḷu ‘reed, pipe’ (boḷu ‘reed, pipe’ X noḷ < naḍá—); K.
vīr, vīrü f. ‘the white willow’; B. beuṛ ‘a thin bamboo’
(< *beṛu ODBL 421); M. veḷū m. ‘bamboo’, Ko. veḷu.
*vaiḍava—.
12254 *śakyati ‘goes’. [Altern. MIA. pres. st. from pp.
*śakna— (~ Av. —saxta—). See √*śak2]
Pa. sakkati ‘goes’, Pk. sakkaï; Ku. sakīṇo ‘to be
exhausted, succumb’; N. saknu, sakinu ‘to be finished’
(or poss. < śaknṓti semant. cf. bhiyāunu s.v. vída-
dhāti).
Addenda: *śakyati: doubtful — MIA. verbs exist only in
cmpd.; NIA. perh. conn. *sikka—. (J.C.W.)
12270 *śaṭṭa— ‘defective’. 2. śaṭha— (and *śaḍa—) ‘deceitful’
Āpast., ‘cheat, fool, idler’ W. 3. śaṇṭhá—1 m. ‘rogue,
fool’ lex., ‘impotent’ Uṇādis. 4. *śaṇṭhara—.
5. ṣaṇḍhá—, v.ll. śa°, sa°, ṣaṇḍa—3, śa° m. ‘eunuch’ Gr̥Śr.,
°aka— m. MBh., ṣaṇḍhī— f. ‘woman without menstrual
periods or breasts’. [Poss. connexions in Mu. PMWS
80. — In words containing a sibillant it is impossible
to determine whether the NIA. forms with unaspirated
retroflex represent an original aspirate or not: the
aspirate and unaspirated forms are therefore grouped
together, although the presumption from similar ‘de-
fective’ word—groups is that the two series existed in
this group also. — Cf. the group *śuḍa— (śuṇṭhá—,
*śuṇḍha—, *śūḍha—2, *śōṭṭha—1, *śōṭha—1, *śōṇṭha—, *śō-
ruṇḍa—, śōla—) and similar groups s.vv. kuṇṭha—,
*ṭuṇṭa—2, *naṭṭa—, baṇḍá—, *bukka—4, *maṭṭa—,
*rakka—, *lakka—1, vaṇṭa—2. — Cf. *śaṇṭha—2 ‘lump’]
1. K. haṭun ‘to become lean’, hüṭü f. ‘that which has
become thin, stick, (at end of cmpds.) dried up’.
2. Pa. saṭha— ‘crafty, fraudulent’, saṭhatā— f. ‘fraud’;
S. saṛhu ‘fallen and stretched out (of a sluggard)’; L.
saṛh ‘obstinate (of animals)’; B. śaṛa ‘thin, small,
minute’; Or. saṛha, saṛa ‘secret consultation’; G. saḍh
‘stupid, bewildered, stiff, motionless’; M. śaḍh
‘knavish, vile, mean’, saḍ m. ‘stump of sugar—cane etc.’
(or < *chaṭa—), saḍā ‘bare, void, standing alone (as
a person unmarried)’; Si. saḷa, sala ‘deceit’ (rather
than < chala—); — H. sallo f. ‘silly woman’ < *saṛhlo?
3. Pk. saṁṭha— ‘knavish, deceitful’; K. hanḍun ‘to
show signs of slight wear’, hanḍama ‘stupid’; G. sā̃ṭhɔ
m. ‘stalk, reed’; — K. hõdotdot;ṭhü ‘(of women or animals)
barren’ (ṭh?).
4. Kho. (Lor.) šondor ‘having front teeth fallen out’
(= ṇḍ?); K. hanḍuru m. ‘dried and withered rice-
straw standing barren in the field’.
5. NiDoc. śaṁḍa ‘epithet of horse (castrated?)’
Burrow KharDoc 124; Pk. saṁḍha— m. ‘eunuch’; K.
honḍu m. ‘large fat ram’; S. saṇḍhi f. adj. ‘barren’; L.
saṇḍh, saḍḍh, pl. °ḍhı̄̃ ‘barren (of women and animals)’,
awāṇ. saḍḍh; P. saṇḍh ‘barren’, saṇḍhī f. ‘a large and
powerful woman’, saṇḍhā m. ‘male buffalo’ (see also
s.v. sā́ṇḍa—); WPah.bhal. śànn f., (Joshi) śā̃ḍ f. ‘barren
cow or buffalo’; N. saṇḍo ‘stout and strong’; Or.
saṇḍha, °ḍa, saṇḍhā, °ḍā ‘stout and strong, (of a tree)
unfruitful from luxuriant growth, (of woman) in-
capable of conception, (of man) too corpulent for
sexual relations’; M. sãḍā ‘tall and strong’; Si. saṇḍa
‘eunuch’.
*śaṭhāṅgaka—; *ṣaṇḍharūpa—.
śaṭha— see prec.
12277 *śaṇṭha—2 ‘lump’. [See *śuṇṭha—2. — Cf. śaṇṭhá—1
‘defective’ s.v. *śaṭṭa—]
P. saṇḍhā m. ‘bubo’.
*śaṇṭhara—, śaṇḍha— ‘defective’ see *śaṭṭa—.
12341 *śarva— ‘horned animal’. [Cf. Lat. cervus WP 406:
suggested as a possibility by G. Morgenstierne in
NTS xiii 228]
Ash. sō ‘the mountain goat or markhor’, Wg. ċöw,
ċō̤ (the other Dardic names derive from śarabhá—1). -
Altern. < *śrauva— s.v. *śrū—.
12444S śimīdín- śimīdā- name of a female demon RV, Mayrhofer EWA II 637 "unclear", suspect of foreign origin. Cf. Pali kimi < Ved. kṛmi- 'worm' and śimidā-/ a-śimidá/a-
śipadá-; possible IE etymology from *kṛmi-Hda- 'worm eater'; cf. Kuiper 1991. --- The interchange of ś/k in non-IA words is typical for the Northwest, see S 2825 karkoṭa-ka etc. (MW 12/14/10)
13068 *sakuṭa—: sauṛo ‘narrow’.
13260 *sarā—2: sar f. ‘piece of thread’.
13427 *sīṭṭa—: sīṭī f. ‘whistle’.
13468 *sutthanā—: sūthaṇ m. ‘trousers’.
13942 *haṭ— ‘move or exclaim violently’. [Cf. háṭati ‘is
excited’ Dhātup., haṭha—1 m. ‘violence’ R., háṭhati ‘is
violent’ Dhātup., Pa. haṭha— m., Pk. haḍha— m.; -
*haṭṭ—, *haṭṭakk—?]
G. haṛ—haṛ ‘exclamation to drive animals away’; -
ext. —kk—: S. haṛkijaṇu ‘to be rabid (of dogs, &c.)’; N.
karkinu ‘to be frightened, be scattered (of animals)’,
caus. harkāunu; H. haṛaknā ‘to fret, be driven away’,
haṛkānā ‘to drive away’; M. haḍakṇẽ ‘to give a smart
blow’; — —s—: G. haṛselvũ ‘to push violently’; M.
haḍasṇẽ ‘to drag violently’.
13943 *haṭṭ—: haṭṇū ‘to move’.
13945 *haṭṭakk— ‘stop’.
S. haṭkaṇu ‘to hesitate’; L. haṭkaṇ ‘to hinder,
forbid’; P. haṭkaṇā ‘to hinder’; Ku. haṭkoṇo ‘to
hinder, prevent, dissuade’; N. haṛkanu ‘to oppose,
object to’; H. haṭaknā ‘to stop’; M. haṭakṇẽ ‘to defy’.
13948 *haḍappha— ‘vessel’. [Cf. *hāṇḍa—]
Pk. haḍappha—, haḍappa— m. ‘vessel’; Ku. haṛpiyo
‘deep wooden vessel’; N. harpe ‘wooden vessel for
ghee’; H. harphā m. ‘wooden hut to keep cut grass and
chaff in’; G. haṛphɔ m. ‘a chest’, M. haḍpā m.
13949 *haḍabaḍa— ‘confusion’.
P. haṛbaṛī f. ‘haste’, Ku. haṛibaṛi, haṛbaṛ; N. haṛbaṛ
‘confusion’, B. haṛbaṛi, Or. haṛabaṛa, Mth. H. haṛbaṛī
f.; M. haḍbaḍ f. ‘hurry’; — S. haṛbaṛāiṇu ‘to hurry’,
P. haṛbaṛāuṇā; N. haṛbaṛāunu ‘to be bewildered, to
bewilder’; B. haṛbaṛāna ‘to be startled’, Or. haṛa-
baṛāibā; H. haṛbaṛānā ‘to hurry’; G. haṛbaṛvũ,
harbaṛvũ ‘to be frightened’, caus. haṛbaṛāvvũ, harb°;
M. haḍbaḍṇẽ ‘to hurry’, caus. haḍbaḍāviṇẽ.
13950 *haḍā— ‘knot’.
S. haṛa f. ‘knot in a corner of a cloth’; N. hareri
‘knot on either side of a porter's head—rope, knot in
the cord of a wallet’.
13954 *haṇṭ—2 ‘wear, wear out, last’. 2. *haṇṭh—2.
1. K. hanḍun ‘to be worn’ (rather than < śaṇṭhá—1);
S. haṇḍaṇu ‘to wear, continue, last’, haṇḍāiṇu ‘to bring
into use’, haṇḍiṇo ‘durable’; L. haṇḍaṇ ‘to be worn’.
2. L. haḍḍhaṇ, mult. haṇḍhaṇ ‘to be worn, get old’,
caus. haḍḍhāvaṇ, haṇḍhāvaṇ; P. haṇḍhṇā ‘to be old,
have great experience’, hãḍhāuṇā ‘to wear out (clothes),
have (a woman) as mistress for a long time’.
*haṇṭh—1 ‘move’ see *haṭṭ—.
*haṇṭh—2 ‘wear out’ see *haṇṭ—2.
*haṇḍ— ‘move’ see *haṭṭ—.
haṇḍā— see haḍḍika—.
haṇḍikā— see *haṇḍa—.
13957 *hattha— ‘hasty’.
Pk. hattha— ‘quick, hasty’; N. hatta—patta ‘in haste’,
hatār ‘haste’, hatāso ‘trepidation, hurry’.
13970 *handha— ‘place, house’.
Kal.rumb. han (st. hā̆nd—) ‘house, temple of Jeṣṭak’,
urt. ɔ̄n ‘house’; S. handhu m. ‘place, abode, bed,
bedding’ (→ Bal. hand ‘place, dwelling’).
hanna— see hádati.
13971 *happ— ‘sudden movement’.
Ku. hapkauṇo ‘to devour’; N. hap—hap khānu ‘to
gobble’; H. hap m. ‘snatching’, hapaknā ‘to gobble’,
hāpar m. ‘a great eater’, haprānā ‘to munch’; M. hapkā
m. ‘smart dash of water’, hapaṭṇẽ ‘to dash against’.
*happh— ‘pant’ see *hamph—.
13972 *habba—: hābaṛ ‘wild’.
13973 *hamph— ‘pant’. 2. *happh—.
1. Ku. hā̃pṇo ‘to pant’, N. hā̃pnu, B. hā̃pāna, Or.
hā̃pibā (hāmpaṇa ‘winnowing fan’); Bhoj. hā̃phī ‘deep
breathing’; Aw.lakh. hā̃phab ‘to pant’, H. hā̃phnā,
hā̃pnā, G. hā̃phvũ, ā̃phvũ; M. hā̃pā m. ‘panting’.
2. P. haphṇā ‘to pant’ (whence hāphū m. ‘sufferer
from asthma’), Ku. hāpṇo, H. hāpnā, haph—haphānā;-
S. huphaṇu.
hambhā— f. ‘lowing’ MBh.
hambhārava—.
13974S HAMBĀ ‘lowing of cow’IA:
CDIAL
13974
hambhārava— m. ‘lowing’ MBh., hambārava— Hariv. v.l., Rājat. [hambhā—, ráva—1] Or. hambāraṛi ‘lowing’ (ext. —ḍ—), hamāribā, hambā- ḷibā, hamāḷ° ‘to low’; M. hā̃barḍā m. ‘lowing’, hābā̆rṇē, hā̃barṇẽ ‘to low’.
DRAV:
PSD *amb-V cry of cow/calf
DEDR
175
Ka. ambā, ambē, ambyā, aṃhā the cry of cow or calf. Tu. amba, ambā, ambē, ambo bellowing, lowing, a cry, noise. Te. ambē onom. word to represent the lowing of cows and calves; ambha the lowing of a cow. ? Ma. amaṟuka to low. / Cf. Skt. hambhā- lowing or bellowing of cattle. DED 147.
MU:
“Santali homba, hombe, ombe , and Mundari omba ‘to low (cows, bullocks)’ “ (Parpola 1977-8:254, citing Kuiper 1948:127)
COMM:
1. (FCS) See Parpola (1977-8) & v. comment in 1235S ĀM ‘yes’.
/
FCS, 23Oct2005
/
14017 *halla— ‘movement’. [~ *hala—2. — Cf. halahalā
exclamation of applause MBh.? — √*hall]
S. halo m., °lā̃ f. ‘attack’, L. hallā m.; P. Ku. N. B.
Or. H. hallā m. ‘tumult, noise’; G. hallɔ m. ‘attack’,
M. hallā m. — Various redup. forms: Pk. hallapphala-
n. ‘confusion’; A. halphal ‘shaking, undulation’; -
H. halbal, halbhal f. ‘confusion’, G. halbhal f.; — S.
halcali f. ‘movement’, Ku. halcal, N. halla—calla,
halcal; — N. halla—khalla ‘confusion’.
14018 *hallati: halṇū ‘to walk’, caus. halāyṇū ‘to shake, stir’.
14050 *
hāṇḍa— ‘pot’,
haṇḍikā— f. ‘earthen pot’ Subh. [Cf.
hāḍikā— f. ‘id.’ Kathārṇ. and *
haḍappha—. — Con-
nexion, if any, with
bhāṇḍa—
1 not clear. — LM 427
compares Hsüan—Tsang's
utakia—hanch'
a (= *
udaka-
hāṇḍa), but this may be < *
udaka—bhāṇḍa—]
S.
haṇḍī f. ‘pot’ (← Centre?), L.
hāṇḍī f. ‘cooking
pot’; P.
hā̃ḍā m. ‘large cooking pot’;
hā̃ḍī f. ‘smaller
do.’; WPah.bhal.
hāṇḍi f. ‘receptacle for oil in an oil-
mill’, khaś.
heṇḍū ‘kettle’, rudh.
haṇḍū, marm.
huṇḍū;
Ku.
hāno,
hā̃ḍo m. ‘large earthen pot, head, brains’,
hānī,
hā̃ḍī ‘small pot’; N.
hā̃ṛi ‘earthen cooking pot’
(whence
hā̃ṛe ‘mumps’ believed to be cured by rubbing
on pot—black), A.
hāri; B.
hā̃ṛā,
°ṛi ‘cooking pot’,
hā̃ṛal
‘hole, pit’ (semant. cf.
kuṇḍá—
1); Or.
haṇḍā,
°ḍi ‘pot’,
haṇḍalā ‘big brass pot’; Bi.
hā̃ṛā ‘cavity in a sugar—mill’,
(Patna)
haṇḍā,
hā̃ṛhā ‘large copper vessel for boiling
rice in’; Bhoj.
hā̃ṛī,
hãṛiyā ‘earthen pot’; Aw.lakh.
hā̃ṛī ‘vessel’; H.
hā̃ḍ,
hā̃ḍā m. ‘large cooking pot of
earth or metal’,
hā̃ḍī,
hā̃ṛī,
hãḍiyā,
hãṛiyā f. ‘earthen
cooking pot’; G.
hā̃ḍɔ m. ‘large pot’,
hā̃ḍī,
hā̃ḍlī f.,
hā̃ḍlũ,
hā̃llũ n. ‘pot’; M.
haṇḍā m. ‘open—mouthed
metal vessel’,
hā̃ḍī,
haṇḍī f. ‘small pot of earth or
metal’,
haṇḍẽ n. ‘general term for pot’; — ext. —
kk—:
Ku.
hankiyā ‘potter, mumps’ (see N. above).
*
hāṇḍavāha—.
Addenda: *
hāṇḍa—: WPah.kc.
haṇḍko m. ‘pot’, A. also
hā̃ri ‘pot’
AFD 225, 234.
14058SHĀ…I ‘sigh, yawn’IA:
CDIAL
14058
hāyi ‘exclamation used in chanting a sāman’ MBh. Kho.
hai ‘alas!’, Sh.
hai hai, S. P. Ku.
hāi, Mth.
hāy,
hāe, G. M.
hāy; — as sb.: P.
hāi f. ‘sigh’, N.
hāi ‘groan, yawn’; A.
hāi ‘noise’; B. Or.
hāi ‘yawn’; H.
hāy f. ‘sigh’.
hāra— 1 m. ‘taking away’ Mn. [√
hr̥]
hāraka—; aṅgahāra—, *kācahāra—, *kāṣṭhahāra—, *ḍhōṅkahāra—, *dugdhahāraka—, *pānīyahāra—, *piṇḍahāra—, *bhūmihāra—, *matsyahāra—, *mathita- hāra—, *lakkuṭahāra—, *huḍahāra—, *huṇḍahāra—. Addenda:
hāra—1: †;
balihāra—.
DRAV:
(a)
*āv- to yawn; (b)
*āv- steam, vapor
DEDR
(a) 392
Ta. āvi (-pp-, -tt-) to gape, yawn, open the mouth so as to express loudly;
n. yawn.
Ma. āvi iṭ- to yawn.
Ko. vaj a yawn.
To. p&udotdot;ly- (p&udotdot;ḷc-) to yawn.
Ka. ākaḷisu, ākuḷisu, āguḷisu to yawn, gape;
ākaḷike, ākuḷike, āgaḷike, āguḷike yawning, gaping.
Koḍ. vaḷic- (vaḷici-) to yawn.
Tu. āvalů a yawn;
āv∣iḍ- to yawn.
Kor. (M.)
āvaḷsu id.
Te. āvalincu, āvulincu to yawn, gape;
āvulinta a yawn.
Pa. ām-, āv- to yawn;
āmkuḍ, āvkuḍ, ākub a yawn.
Ga. (Oll.)
ām- to yawn; (S.
2)
āmk- id.; (S.
3)
āmk- id.;
āmkun a yawn.
Go. (Ko.)
āvi a yawn (
Voc. 145).
Kur. aula'ānā to yawn. Malt.
áwole id. Br.
āvāning id. DED(S) 333.
DEDR
(b) 393
Ta. āvi (-pp-, -tt-) to sigh, let out (as smoke);
n. breath, sigh, soul, steam, vapour, smoke.
Ma. āvi, āvati breath, life, vapour, steam;
āvi iṭ- to sigh.
Ko. yv soul, steam, vapour.
To. ofy breath;
foj, fy vapour, morning mist, visible breath.
Ka. āvi, āvari, āviri steam, vapour, heat.
Te. āvi steam, vapour, heat;
āviri vapour, exhalation, heat of the breath;
āvincu to cook by steam or vapour;
āvirillu to sweat, steam, evaporate.
Pa. ākub steam, vapour.
Ga. (P.)
ākum, (S.
3)
āvir steam.
Kuwi (Su.)
āviri steam, vapour (< Te.). DED(S, N) 334.
COMM:
1. (FCS) See Parpola (1977-8) & v. comment in
1235S ĀM.
/
14073a *hikk—2 ‘drive’. [Same as √hikk1, cf. hikkati ‘makes
an inarticulate sound’ Dhātup. — Cf. √hakk]
L. hikkaṇ ‘to drive’; N. hiknu ‘to urge on, goad (esp.
an elephant)’.
14078 *hiṅga— ‘defective’. 2. *hēṅga—. 3. *hōkkha—.
4. *hōgga— [For list of ‘defective’ words with initial h-
see *habba—]
1. Or. hiṅgā ‘worthless, boastful’.
2. Or. heṅgā ‘good—for—nothing’; M. hẽgāḍ, hẽgāḍā,
hẽgḍā ‘clumsy, stupid’.
3. P. hokhā ‘weak, unsteady, characterless, worth-
less’.
4. M. hogā ‘slack, slothful, sturdy and overbearing’.
Addenda: *hiṅga— ‘defective’. 3. *hōkkha— (cf. *hōccha—,
*ōccha—): WPah.kṭg. ókkhɔ ‘small’; — hɔ̀knɔ ‘young,
minor’ (LNH p. 31 ‘little’), hɔ̀kṛɔ ‘a little, less’ (Him.I
223)?
14083 *hicc— ‘draw back’. 2. *hiss—1.
1. Pk. hiṁcia— n. ‘hopping’ (?); L. hiccaṇ ‘to go
shares in’ (i.e. ‘to withdraw from the total’?); P.
hicṇā, hickaṇā ‘to draw back’; Ku. hicakṇo ‘to with-
draw, fear’, hickīṇo ‘to be frightened’; N. hickanu, hac°
‘to draw back, hesitate’; Bhoj. hı̄̃cal ‘to drag’; H.
hicnā, hicaknā ‘to draw back’; G. hı̃cvũ intr., hicakvũ,
hı̃cāṛvũ tr. ‘to swing’; M. hiċakṇẽ ‘to jerk’.
2. N. haskanu ‘to draw back’; M. hisakṇẽ ‘to jerk’.
hijja—1 ‘name of a tree’ see hijjala—.
14084 *hijja—2 ‘defective’. 2. *hējja—. 3. *hēñja—.
4. *hucca—. 5. *hōccha—. [With *hōccha— cf. *ōccha—.
For list of ‘defective’ words with initial h— see *habba—]
1. S. hījiṛo m. ‘an impotent man’; P. hı̄̌jṛā m.
‘eunuch’, B. hijaṛ, hijṛā; Or. hijaṛa, hiñjaṛa ‘eunuch’,
hijaṛī ‘woman with male characteristics’; H. hīj ‘weak,
lazy, cowardly’, hijṛā m. ‘eunuch’; G. hijṛũ ‘impotent’;
M. hij̈ḍā m. ‘hermaphrodite’.
2. Or. hejaṛā ‘miserly, shameless’.
3. Or. heñjaṛā ‘shameless, laughing loudly, im-
potent’, heñjaḷā ‘impotent’.
4. M. huċċā ‘disreputable’.
5. S. hocho ‘low, mean’; L. hocchā ‘quarrelsome over
trifles’; P. hocchā ‘mean, stupid, trifling’; Ku. hõ;cho
‘mean, shallow—minded’; N. hoco, hõ;co ‘low, short’.
Addenda: *hijja—2 ‘defective’. 5. *hōccha—: J. hochā ‘short’,
WPah.kṭg. hòċṭɔ, hòċṛɔ (~ ókkhɔ ‘small’, hɔ̀kṛɔ ‘a
little’, both < *hōkkha— ~ *hōccha— Him.I 223).
14086 *hiṭṭ— ‘move’. [See *haṭṭ—; — √hiṇḍ]
Ku. hiṭṇo ‘to move, walk’, WN. hiṭnu; Or. hiṭibā ‘to
slip down, stumble, be opened’.
*HIḌ ‘dally’: hiláti1, hēlatē2.
Addenda: *hiṭṭ—: Garh. hiṭuṇ ‘style of walking’.
HIḌ: see √hīḍ.
hitá— see †;*dhatta—.
14087 *hiḍḍa— ‘defective’. 2. *huḍḍa—. 3. huṇḍa—2 m.
‘blockhead’ lex. [For list of ‘defective’ words with
initial h— see *habba—]
1. Pk. hiḍḍa— m. ‘dwarf’.
2. S. huḍ̱u m. ‘blockhead’; H. hūṛ ‘senseless, foolish’;
M. hūḍ ‘headlong, impetuous’.
3. Pk. huṁḍa— ‘misshapen’; H. hũḍā, huṇḍā ‘wanting
horns &c.’; M. hũḍā ‘crumple—horned’, hũḍā bail m.
‘blockhead’.
HIṆḌ ‘move’: *hiṇḍa—, híṇḍatē, *hiṇḍāla—; -
*hiṭṭ—, *haṭṭ—.
14088 *hiṇḍa— ‘moving about’. [√hiṇḍ]
Ko. hı̄̃ḍu, ı̃ḍ ‘flock’ FOK 168.
14090 *hiṇḍāla— ‘wandering’. [√hiṇḍ]
Dm. iṇḍṓl ‘bachelor’; Kal. hiṇḍā́u (st. °ḍāl—)
‘bachelor’, hiṇḍau ‘barren woman’; Kho. hiṇḍāl
‘bachelor, spinster, widow’, adj. ‘childless, barren
(of women and animals)’; — N. hı̃ṛālnu ‘to make
move’.
*hiṇḍōla— ‘Swing’ see hindōla—.
14092 *hin— ‘neigh’.
P. hiṇhiṇāuṇā ‘to neigh, whinny’, N. hinhināunu,
H. hinhinānā, G. haṇhaṇvũ; — S. hiṇkaṇu, hiṇkāraṇu,
L. hiṇkaṇ.
14114 *hiru— ‘yellow, green’. [Cf. hiri— in cmpds. (híri-
śmaśru—, hiriśiprá— RV.). — hári—]
G. harvũ ‘green’; M. hirvā ‘green, raw, unripe’. -
Kt. zƏŕƏ ‘yellow’, Bashg. zı̃r and Pr. žiƏrä: prob. <
hári—. — H. hirār ‘green, raw, fresh’ poss. < *hira-
tara— (or metath. from harīr < *haritara—?).
*HIL ‘be accustomed to’: *hilati2, *hēlayati,
*hēlā—.
14116 *hilati2 ‘becomes accustomed to, becomes tame’.
2. Caus. *hēlayati. 3. *hēlā—2 ‘habit’. [Psht. el ‘tame’
← IA. — √*hil2]
1. Gaw. hila—mím ‘I learn’; S. hiraṇu ‘to become
tame, become accustomed to, acquire a habit’; L.
hilaṇ, mult. hillaṇ ‘to become tame or accustomed to’,
hilāvaṇ ‘to teach’ hiltar f. ‘habit’; P. hiḷnā ‘to become
tame, form a habit’; H. hilnā ‘to become habituated’;
G. haḷvũ ‘to be domesticated (of animals), be familiar’;
M. hiḷṇẽ ‘to become tractable and tame’.
2. S. heraṇu ‘to tame, accustom’, herū ‘tamed’ (→
Kho. heru).
3. S. hera f. ‘habit’, L. hel f.; — P. helat f.
*HILL ‘move, shake’. [See √*hall]
*hillati, hillōla—, hillōlayati.
14118 *hilla—2 ‘mud, swamp’. [Cf. *jhilla—1]
K. hĕl f. ‘dirty or muddy ground’; WPah.bhal. helo
‘consisting of black clay, very fertile (of soil)’; Ku.
hīl, hīlo ‘mud, swamp’; N. hilo ‘mud’; Mth. jhīl—hīl
‘small lakes or ponds’; H. hīl, hīlā m. ‘mud’; G. hīlɔ
m. ‘cart—rut’.
14119 *hilla—3 ‘mixed, joined’. 2. *hēlla—. [Cf. *hēḍā—]
1. S. hilu ‘mixed’; N. hili—mili ‘unitedly, jointly’,
H. hil—mil.
2. P. hel—mel ‘unitedly’.
14120 *hillati intr. ‘moves, shakes’. [Cf. hiláti1 ‘dallies’
Dhātup. and similar variation between *hallati and
*halati. — See √*hill]
P. hillṇā ‘to shake, be moved’; WPah.bhal. hillhaṇū
intr. ‘to move’; Ku. hilṇo ‘to move, tremble’; N. hilnu
‘to move, be shaken’; B. helā, hilā ‘to vacillate, oscillate,
incline’; H. hī̆lnā intr. ‘to shake’, helā m. ‘a push’;
G. hilvũ intr. ‘to move, shake’, hīlɔ m. ‘jerk, shake’;
M. hilṇẽ intr. ‘to move, stir’. — Ext. —kk—: P. hilkaṇā
‘to be shaken’; H. hilaknā ‘to writhe’, hilkornā ‘to
shake’ (cf. hilornā < hillōlayati).
14122 *hiss—2 ‘be extinguished, be baffled’.
L.poṭh. hisṇā ‘to be extinguished, be withered’; N.
hissinu ‘to be baffled’, caus. hissyāunu.
HĪḌ ‘anger’. [← Drav., Kan. eḍḍisu, ēḍisu ‘to abuse,
mock’, &c.; DED 676]
hīḍati, hḗḍa—, hḗḍatē, *hēḍyati, hḗla—, hḗlatē,
hēlā—; apahēlā—, avahēla—.
14131 *hīlā— ‘gentle breeze’.
S. hīra f. ‘gentle breeze’, L. hīl, pl. °la f.
14134 *hukku— ‘jackal's howl’. 2. *hūṅku—. [Onom. cf.
hū—rava— m. ‘jackal’ lex.]
1. Pa. hukku— m. ‘jackal's howl’, M. hūk, hukī f.
2. L. hūṅg f. ‘jackal's howl’, hūṅgaṇ ‘to groan’.
*hucca— ‘defective’ see *hijja—2.
14140 *hubbā— ‘pain in the chest’.
L. hubb f. ‘pain in the chest’, hubbiā̃ f. pl. ‘strangles’;
N. hup pasnu ‘to suffer from pleurisy’.
*humma— ‘defective’ see *hōppa—.
*hul—, *hull— ‘pierce’ see *hūl—.
14141 *hulla—1 ‘mob, riot’. [Cf. huḍati]
P. hullaṛ m. ‘riot’; Ku. hūl ‘batch’; N. hul ‘mob,
crowd’; A. hul ‘riot’; H. hullaṛ m. ‘crowd, noise’; G.
hulaṛ n. ‘riot’, M. hulaḍ f.
14142 *hulla—2 ‘defective’. [For list of ‘defective’ words with
initial h— see *habba—]
M. hulā ‘silly’.
14143 *hussa— ‘defective’. [For list of ‘defective’ words
with initial h— see *habba—]
H. hūsaṛ ‘uncouth, stupid’.
hūṁ see huṁ.
hūṁkāra— ‘grunting’ see huṁkarōti.
14144 *hūkkā— ‘sharp pain’.
S. hūka f. ‘pain, alarm’; P. H. hūk f. ‘sharp shooting
pain, stitch’; G. hūk f. ‘sharp shooting pain in pit of
stomach’; M. hūk f. ‘sharp tearing pain’.
*hūṅku— ‘jackal's howl’ see *hukku—.
14147 *hūl— ‘pierce’. 2. *hul—. 3. *hull—. [Cf. śū́la— and
hrū́ḍatē ‘goes’ Dhātup.]
1. P. hūlaṇā ‘to goad, thrust’, hūl f. ‘thrust, stab’;
N. hulnu ‘cause to penetrate, drive in (cattle into a
fold), thread (needle)’; Mth. hūr ‘thrust’; H. hūlnā ‘to
goad, stab, rush in’, hulaknā ‘to rush at’.
2. Pk. hulaï ‘throws’ (semant. cf. vídhyati); A. hul
‘any small pointed thing, thorn’, hulā ‘piece of pointed
split bamboo for turning earth up’; B. hul ‘barb, sting,
point, awn’, Or. huḷa.
3. P. hull f. ‘shooting pain in head’; Or. hula ‘sting’.
14148 *hūlukka— ‘heat’.
Kal. hūluk ‘heat, noontide’; Bshk. úluk ‘sweat’,
Sh.gur. hŭlŭkh, koh. hūla̯k.
HR̥ ‘take, carry’: hara—, háraṇa—, hárati, *haritr̥—,
āra—1, hāraka—, hārayati, hāri—, hārin—, hr̥tá—,
*hr̥yatē, hriyátē; atihr̥ta—, anāhāra—, anuharatē,
anuhāra—, apahara—, ápaharati, ápahr̥ta—, *abhiy-
avaharaṇa—, *abhiyavaharati, *abhiyavahāra—,
abhihāra—, avaharatē, avahāra—, ābhihārika—,
ā́harati, āhāra—, ā́hārayati, āhr̥ta—, úpaharati,
nirharaṇa—, nírharati, párihāra—, *pratihāriya—,
prahara—, praháraṇa—, práharati, prahāra—,
práhr̥ta—, víharati, vihāra—, vyavaharati, vyava-
hāra—, vyavahāraka—, vyavahārayati, vyāharati,
vyāhāra—, saṁhārá—, saṁhārayati, saṁhr̥ta—, samā́-
harati, samāhāra—; — úddharati, *uddharā—,
uddhārá—, uddhārayati, úddhr̥ta—?
Addenda: *hūlukka—, hōlāka— m. ‘kind of vapour bath’ Car. 2.
†;*hulla—: WPah.poet. hulo m. ‘heat of the sun’, bhal.
hɔ̄l ‘heat’.
HR̥: †;*nīharati.
14159 *hēḍā— ‘crowd, flock’. [Cf. *hilla—3]
Pk. hēḍā— f. ‘crowd, collection’; L. heṛī f. ‘pound for
cattle’; G. heṛ, heṛī f. ‘drove of cattle’; M. heḍ f.
‘drove (of sheep, cattle, &c.)’.
*hēḍyati ‘is angry’ see hīḍati.
Addenda: *hēḍā—: OMarw. heḍa ‘group of horses’ Ḍiṁgala
Koṣa 212, heṛāū ‘horse—dealer’ (→ hēḍāvuka— m. id.
Yājñ.com.).
14161 *hēndara— ‘defective’. [For list of ‘defective’ words
with initial h— see *habba—]
H. hẽdrā ‘clownish, stupid’; M. hẽdar f. n. ‘dung,
rubbish’, hẽdrā ‘dirty’.
14165 *
hērati ‘looks for or at’. 2.
hēraka—, °rika— m. ‘spy’
lex.,
hairika— m. ‘spy’ Hcar., ‘thief’ lex. [J. Bloch
FestschrWackernagel 149 ← Drav., Kui
ēra ‘to
spy’, Malt.
ére ‘to see’, DED 765]
1. Pk.
hēraï ‘looks for or at’ (
vihīraï ‘watches for’);
K.ḍoḍ.
hērūō ‘was seen’; WPah.bhad. bhal.
he_rnū ‘to
look at’ (bhal.
hirāṇū ‘to show’), pāḍ.
hēraṇ, paṅ.
hēṇā,
cur.
hērnā, Ku.
herṇo, N.
hernu, A.
heriba, B.
herā,
Or.
heribā (caus.
herāibā), Mth.
herab, OAw.
heraï, H.
hernā; G.
hervũ ‘to spy’, M.
herṇẽ.
2. Pk.
hēria— m. ‘spy’; Kal. (Leitner) "
hériu" ‘spy’;
G.
herɔ m. ‘spy’,
herũ n. ‘spying’.
HĒL ‘despise’:
hēlatē1, hēlā—; apahēlā—, avahēla—;
— see √
hīḍ.
hēlatē1 ‘scorns’ see
hīḍati.
hēlatē2 ‘sports’ see
hiláti1.
*
hēlayati ‘accustoms’ see *
hilati2.
hēlā—1 ‘contempt’ see
hīḍati, hḗḍa—.
*
hēlā—2 ‘habit’ see *
hilati2.
*
hēlla— ‘mixed’ see *
hilla—
3.
HĒṢ ‘neigh’:
hḗṣati, hēṣā—; — √hrēṣ.
Addenda: *
hērati: WPah.kṭg. (Wkc.)
hèrnõ;, kc.
erno ‘observe’;
Garh.
hernu ‘to look’.
*
hōkkha— see *
hiṅga— Add
2.
*
hōccha— see *
hijja—
2 Add
2.
14173 *hōkka— ‘noise, cry’.
S. hoko m. ‘proclamation’, L. hokā m., hokaṇ ‘to
proclaim’, P. hokā m.; N. hokā̃ ‘bellowing of a bull’;
G. hokārɔ m. ‘crying out’.
*hōkkha—, *hōgga— ‘defective’ see *hiṅga—.
*hōccha— ‘defective’ see *hijja—2.
14174S(H)ŌḌA ‘boat’IA:
(a) hōḍa ‘raft, boat’, (b) uḍupa ‘raft’
IA:
CDIAL
(a) 14174
hōḍa— m. ‘raft, boat’ lex. [← Drav., Kan. ōḍa., &c. DED 876] H. hoṛī f., holā m. ‘canoe, raft’; G. hoṛī f. ‘boat’; M. hoḍī f. ‘canoe made of hollowed log’. — See uḍupa—. Addenda: hōḍa—: Md. oḍi ‘large kind of boat’ ← Drav.
CDIAL
(b) 1695
uḍupa— m. ‘raft’ MBh. [Cf. hōḍa— m. lex. prob. ← Drav., Tam. ōṭam] Pa. uḷumpa— m.n. ‘raft’; Pk. uḍuva— m. ‘boat’; Or. uṛu ‘boatman’; G. oṛvũ n. ‘small boat’; Si. mald. oḍi ‘boat’; — Si. oruva ‘boat, canoe’ Geiger GS 75 but without explanation of r, and H. Smith JA 1950, 180 who compares Sk. hōḍa— and Tam. ōṭam. uḍumbara— see udumbára—. uḍḍayatē see uḍḍīyatē.
DRAV:
(a) PD *ōṭam ‘boat, raft’; (b) PD * ōṭu ‘run’, PSD1 ‘sail, etc.’; (c) Ta-Ma uru(vu) ‘small vessel’:
DEDR
(a) 1039
Ta. ōṭam boat, raft, float, vessel; ōṭāvi shipwright, boatbuilder. Ma. ōṭam boat; ōṭāyi shipbuilders; ōṭi a large seaboat (long and narrow, chiefly from the Lacca- dives). Ka. ōḍa boat. Tu. ōḍa id. Te. ōḍa ship, vessel. Pa. ōḍa boat, trough. Go. (M.) ōḍa, (Ko. S.) ōṛa boat ( Voc. 437); (Pat.) oda (i.e. ōḍa) donga. / Cf. Skt. hoḍa- boat, raft; Turner, CDIAL, no. 14174. The IA words are probably < Dr.; Parpola 1977-78, pp. 243 ff. DED(N) 876.
DEDR
(b) 1041
Ta. ōṭu (ōṭi-) to run, flee, sail, operate (as the mind), happen, be defeated; ōṭal running away, being defeated; ōṭai large water-course, dyke, tank, reservoir, moat; ōṭṭu (ōṭṭi-) to cause to run, propel, steer, drive away, destroy, darn; ōṭṭam running, speed, current, defeat; ōṭṭaṉ runner; ōṭṭi one who or that which drives; ōṭṭu running, defeat, sailing of a vessel, course of conduct. Ma. ōṭuka to run (as men, animals, roots, etc.), ships to sail, flow easily, meet with no impediment; ōṭikka, ōṭṭuka to drive, chase, steer, navigate; ōṭa water-course; ōṭṭam a course, run; ōṭṭi ship's captain. Ko. ṛ- (c-) to run; ṭ act of running. To. wḍ- (wḍy-) to run; wṭ act of running; wṯ- (wṯy-) to drive calf from udder by hitting it under the chin (*ōṭṭ- to cause to run; for ṯ, MBE 1974b, p. 44, n. 20). Ka. ōḍu to run, flee; n. fleeing, running; ōḍisu to cause to run, drive away; ōḍike, ōḍuvike running; ōḍukuḷi a runner; ōṭa running, a run, race, speed, current of water. Koḍ. ḍ- (ḍi-) to run. Tu. ōḍuni to run, (roots) spread; ōṭa running, race, current of a stream, sailing of a vessel. Te. ōḍu to run, be defeated, fail, be afraid, flow, trickle; n. defeat, failure; ōḍincu, ōrcu to defeat; ōṭaṟu, ōṭāṟu to be defeated, fail; ōṭami, ōṭamu defeat, failure, fear; ōṭa fear; ōṭu defeat, failure; oḍucu to defeat, overthrow (or does 'defeat' go with 946 Ta. oṭi?); ōḍika stream, current; ōḍigillu to flow, run. Ga. (S.3) ōḍe defeat. Go. (S.) ōṛ- to lose, fail, be defeated (< Te.; Voc. 444). ? Kui ōṛa channel, drain; ḍunja (ḍunji-) to start, start forth, break cover, come to light, attempt; n. starting forth, attempt; pl. action ḍuska (ḍuski-); ḍuspa (ḍust-) to cause to start forth, drive out of cover, bring to light, remind; n. driving of game or enemy. DED(S, N) 877.
DEDR
(c) 659
Ta. uru schooner, small vessel. Ma. uru, uruvu vessel, ship. DED 568.
COMM:
1. (FCS) Connection proposed by Parpola (1977-8). Despite the problem posed by the OIA h- (see comm. in 1235S ĀM), Drav. origin of the IA words (going back to Epic Skt) is likely, given the derivation within Drav. from DEDR (b) (note Ma ōṭṭi ‘ship's captain’, i.e. “sail-er”). The meaning ‘sail’ in DEDR (b) goes back only to PSD1, though ‘boat’ in DEDR (a) is assignable to PD. NIA cognates mainly “Outer Group”. The possible connection of DEDR (c) uru(vu) is not clear, though note Si. oruva ‘boat, canoe’ in CDIAL (b).
/
FCS, 23Oct2005
/
14175 *hōḍḍa—: vaudh f. ‘bet’ (dh X vadh f. ‘increase’ <
vr̥ddhi—?), v° vajṇū ‘to challenge, wager’.
14177 *hōppa— ‘defective’. 2. *humma—. [For list of ‘de-
fective’ words with initial h— see *habba—]
1. M. hopaḷ ‘slack, slovenly, disorderly’.
2. M. humā, humyā m. ‘blockhead’.
14178 *hōl— ‘to wash’. [Cf. huḍati ‘sinks into’, hōlati ‘covers’
Dhātup.?]
Pk. hulaï ‘rubs, cleans’; Ko. hoḷṇẽ ‘to wash’.
*aṅgahōla—.
14179 *hōla— ‘loose, hollow’.
L. P. holā m. ‘bullock with loose horn’; N. holo
‘relaxed, slack, thin (of a crowd)’; A. holā ‘hollow,
shallow, shallow ravine’.
14232 *appa—: Si. appā ‘father’, apa—ammā ‘father's mother’.
14261 *ākattha—: Ash. uxat m. ‘question’; Tir. ākāt f.
‘word’.
ākara—: *lavaṇākara—, *himākara—.
ākāra—: *udaṅkākāra—, *pr̥ṣṭhākāra—.
14302 *uḍidda— [← Drav. Tam. uruntu ‘Phaseolus mungo’,
&c. DED 594]
14329 *upōpta—: Paš.chil. (Buddruss) bōtóu ‘sowing’.
14331 *ubbā—: esp. H. ūbh perh. X (rather than, with
P. Tedesco Language 22, 189 and Buddruss ZDMG
114, 445, directly <) ūṣmán—.
14341 *ōccha— [Cf. ‘defective’ word *hōccha— s.v. *hijja—2]
Gy. eur. vučo ‘small’ GWZS 3770.
ka—2: kásmāt Add.
14343 *kacca—1: with emph. aspiration (rather than <
*khacca— s.v. *kicca—): Dm. khača ‘dirty, bad’; Gaw.
khaċ, khas ‘bad’, Kal. khāčä ‘bad, dirty (?)’; Sv. khačo
‘dirty, bad’; Phal. khāču ‘bad’, khāčo ‘lie’, khāčulo
‘dirty, bad’; Sh. khăčár f. ‘ingratitude’, khăčḗlū
‘miserly’.
14347 *kaṇṭa—3: Gy. eur. also kar m. ‘tail, penis’ (GWZS
1310).
14356 *kamra— [Cf. Sang. kamak ‘back’, Shgh. čomǰ
(< *kamak G.M.) ‘back of an animal’, Yghn. kama
‘neck’]
kará—1: *mr̥ttikara—, *śōdhakara—.
14375 *kāca—2 ‘black’: also with kh— in Gaw. khā̃ċa ‘black’,
khanċi—iċīn ‘pupil of eye’.
14377 *kāṇṭa—. 2. kāṇṭaka—: G. kā̃ṭā—sariyɔ m. ‘hedgehog
s.v. śályaka—.
14381 *kāra—6: Ash. kar—malík ‘earring’ → Paš.ar. kar-
molík.
kārin—: *lākṣakārin—.
14383 *kāvaraka—: Ash. kawarä́ ‘crow’, Wg. kawḗi, kaā́i,
Kt. kawŕë.
14392 *kuñca—1: Gy. eur. kunč, "gundschi" (= *kunǰi?) f.
‘corner’ (GWZS 1596).
14394 *kuṭṭa—3: Sh. (Grahame Bailey) kūṭu̯ ‘deaf’.
14395 *kuttūra—: (with expressive aspiration) Sh.koh.
khŭtrō m. ‘puppy’.
14404 *kūpatya—: Sh.gur. kuiōčh m. ‘villager’ (→ Mai.ky.
kuōč ‘villager’, Bur. kuyōč ‘subjects of a ruler’): prob.
der. kúi (< kū́pa—1 or kuṭī—) with suffix —ōč(h) (as in
Sh. koh. koṭōču̯ m. ‘villager’ ~ kōṭ ‘village’ < kōṭṭa—1)
of doubtful origin (< ápatya—? Semant. cf. H.
gãwār ‘villager’ < grāmadāra—).
KR̥1: nikaṭam, prakāra—1, pratikarōti Add., prati-
kr̥ta— Add.; — nikara—?
14437 *khōsa—: B. khosā, khusā ‘to husk grain’.
14438 *gakṣa—: Md. gas, gahī ‘tree’.
14439 *gacca—: technical sense as ‘plaster, mortar’ (Pers.
gač ‘plaster’) points to borrowing (Ir. <07> IA.).
14443 *gāḍḍa—: Md. gāḍiya ‘cart’ (← Ind.?).
14478 *
CAGH: mng. of Aś.
caghati is prob. ‘is likely to’
(paralled with
laghaṁti with inf. < *
alaghaṁti =
*
arghanti: cf. Pa.
a(.l. sagghasi with v.l.
agghasi).
Orig. mngs. of √*
cagh: (1) ‘rise’ in B.
cāgā (
caggh-
sanskritized as
carghati ‘goes’ W.?); (2) ‘rise against’
in Kho.
čagéik ‘to overthrow’ (cf.
caghnōti ‘kills’,
cah(
ay)
ati ‘cheats’ Dhātup.: semant. cf. √
gur ‘raise’
~
gūryatē ‘hurts, goes’ Dhātup.); (3) ‘is likely’ in Aš.
caghati and B.
cāgā ‘to be inclined’ (J. C. W.). — See
also √*
cāh Add.
14485 *cappayati: Md. hafan ‘to chew’.
14486 *cára—2: in Paš. wai—čā́r collect. ‘goats’ (see vásu—).
14487 *carpa—: Ash. čapēṛa ‘flat of hand’ ← Psht. čapēṛa ←
IA. e.g. P. capeṛ < *cappēṭa— s.v. capēṭa— Buddruss.
14491 *cācca—: H. cacerā bhāī m. ‘father's brother's son’ see
mātulēya— Add.
cālana—: *makṣācālana—.
14492 *CĀH: poss. < *cāṅkṣati (~ kāṅkṣati) with regular
c—reduplication from √kā (perf. cakḗ) or √kan (3 sg.
pret. cākan) or √kam (intens. caṅkamyatē). *cāṅkṣ-
> *cāṁkh— > *cākh— > *cāh— is exactly parallel to
phonet. development of *dāṁṣṭra—. Poss. also >
MIA. (NW?) *cāṅgh—, *cāggh— (→ EAś. cagh—, B. cāgā
s.v. *caghyati) J. C. W. — But (1) date of Aś. is
early for change ṅgh > ggh and for spread of these
forms to East; (2) S. caghu (with a) would imply early
borrowing from E or S unless a separate *caṅkṣ-
~ *cāṅkṣ— (necessary for *cāh—) is assumed.
cikka—2: Kaf. and Dard. words rather < *sikvaka—.
14495 *ciyāku—: WPah. (Joshi) cẽũ m. ‘edible mushroom’.
14504 *chaṭa—: M. saḍ, saḍā perh. a ‘defective’ word <
śaṭha— s.v. *śaṭṭa—. 2. G. sāṭɔ, M. sāṭ, sāṭā rather <
saṭṭa—2.
14505 *chaṭṭ—: M. saṭakṇẽ poss. < *saṭṭ—2.
14510 *chiṭ—. 2. *chiṭṭ—: M. śīṭ see also sŕ̥ṣṭi—.
14511 *chir—: M. śirṇẽ poss. < *sīrati s.v. sárati or <
*sirati.
14513 *chōll—: Sh. čol (Bailey ShGr 136) is misprint for
čom (ib. 200) < cárman—.
14515 *japp—: Si. dapa ‘sexual union’ or < *drapp—.
14524 *juṣṭa—2 ‘Corchorus capsularis or jute’.
Or. jhoṭa ‘fibre of Corchorus capsularis, jute’; H.
jūṭ ‘jute’ (prob. ← Eng. jute). — NiDoc. juṭhi 291, 571,
703, bhiśa (= ‘seed’) juṭhi 703, jhuṭhi 677, cuṭhiye 422
(no mng. in Burrow KharDoc: ṭh prob. to be read as
ṣṭ Brough DhP 75). H. W. Bailey Khotanese Texts
iii 80 in a description of a road ‘the stones were thick
under foot like jūṣḍi seeds’. Smaller OED gives B.
jhuṭo, jhoṭo as source of jute.
14529 *jhaṅk—1. 3. *jhakk—5: A. zāk ‘crowd’ rather <
*yakka— s.v. yatá—.
14530 *jhalla—: NKal. ǰhau, obl. st. ǰhal— ‘forest’.
14531 *jhikk—: Tor. (Biddulph) žigal— prob. for *ẓigal— <
*drakk—.
14532 *jhūṭa—2: G. jhū̆ṛī rather < yūthá—.
14533 *ṭōkk—: Kt. tku prob. misprint for ṭku see *ṭhōkk— Add.
14534 *ṭōṅka—: cf. also Paš.ar. ṭã̤ũgṓ ‘scorpion’; Dm. ṭōṅk
‘locust’, Kal. ṭokur, Phal. ṭīṅkura.
14535 *ṭhagg— [Poss. √sthag X non—Aryan *ḍākka—1
(J. C. W.)]
14536 *ṭhōkk—: Kt. tku prob. misprint for *ṭku, cf. Kt.
čim—ṭku ‘iron nail’ NTS vii 110, Wg. čum—ṭku.
14537 *ḍag1: 2. Pr. ā—ẓuẓu— (NTS vii 90) rather < *ranz
(cf. Kt. ranz, Kal. ronz) or < *rarz (cf. Pers. larz)
NTS xv 304.
14539 *ḍikka—1: Wg. (Lumsden) "dikáún" (NTS xvii 247)
prob. for *ḍik—. Cf. Ash. Wg. ḍuk— ‘to drive off’,
Paš. (LSI) ḍak—, she. ḍek—, kṇḍ. ḍug—, Sv. ḍik— BKPD 40.
14541 *ḍhaḍḍha—1: N. ḍhāṛi altern. < dā́rḍhya—.
14542 *ḍhappa—. 8. *ḍhēba—: Phal. ḍīu ‘part, portion’.
14543 *ḍhikka—1. 8. *dhōṅga—1: Wg. j̈ōr—duṅga ‘heart’.
14544 *ḍhila—: X *sailā (< *śr̥thila—) in P. ḍhailā ‘lazy,
loose’.
14545 *ḍhukyati: Paš. ḍƏk— ‘to get hold of, collect’ IIFL
iii, 3, 65.
†;ḍhuṇḍhati see *dhūṇḍh—.
14546 *ḍhūss—: poss. also Ash. Paš.chil. ḍūs ‘hole’; Wg.
ḍüs ‘hole, vulva’; Paš.chil. Shum. dū̆m—dū̆s ‘smoke-
hole’ (Buddruss).
14547 *ḍhēḍḍha—1. 5. *dhiḍḍha—: Sh. (Lor.) diḍu rather
with Bailey ShGr 138 ḍĭṛŭ (→ Bur. ḍīru) <
4. *ḍhiḍḍha—. — Delete diḍiro which is typing error
for Sh. biḍī̆ro (→ Bur. biḍiro).
14548 *ḍhōṅga—1: Paš.ar. ḍõmacr;o, ḍuõmacr; ‘knee’, kuṛ. ḍuṅ ‘hip’.
14549 *ḍhauka—: Wg. (LSI) ḍūh ‘offerings’ Buddruss.
tá—: tatstha—.
14554 *tapaka—: Kt. tapә́k ‘plate’ (—p—?).
14576 *
tr̥pu—: Kt.
trü ‘curdled milk’,
trü— ‘to curdle’; Ash.
truga—zū ‘sour milk’, Pr.
čüū. — Sv.
luǰ— ‘to become
sour’ (< *
tr̥pūya—?) in
luǰij̈ilo (
c̣hīr) ‘sour milk’
(
lužizilo NOPhal 50), Gaw
luzan—c̣hīr,
luzizan— <
*
luzi—san (absol. in —
i of
luz— with pres. part. *
santa-
(Buddruss).
14604 *
dārśa— [Ir. words prob. (certainly Shgh.
dōx̌ċ) <
*
dārsa—]
14610 *dumbha— ‘tail’: for Dard. forms with l— and Kho
rūm see *lumba—3, lūma—.
14614 *dūman—: poss. also in Kt. kūdyum ‘work’, Pr.
kodyum.
14616 *dr̥kṣati: Md. dakkan ‘to show’.
14626 *dōla—2 [Pers. dōl ‘bucket, milk—pail, hopper of a mill’
← IA.?]
14629 *drakk—: Tor. (Biddulph) žigal— (prob. for ẓigal—)
rather than < *jhikk—.
14630 *drapp—: Si. dapa ‘sexual union’ or < *japp—.
14631 *
dramaṇa—: Kt.
drum ‘a sweet—smelling plant’; Kal.
dřä̃řu ‘Artemisia’. — *
dramna— also in Shgh.
ċūdm
‘Artemisia’, Yghn.
dirawna.
14641 *dhakk—: with altern. forms of H. M. with ḍh— cf.
Sh. ḍăk thoĭki̯ ‘to hammer (nails &c.)’.
*dhaḍa—: Scarcely with ODBL 506 < dhr̥tá—1.
14643 *dhamm—: Kt. (Biddulph) "dummoo" (= *dammu?)
‘sing!’.
dhara—: *śikyadhara—.
14650 *dhunman—: Kal. thumaṛa ‘dust—storm’ poss. <
dhūmá—.
14651 *dhūḍi—: Kal. (Kalkulak dial.) "dooṛhi" ‘dust’.
14661 *nānna—: Kho. nan ‘mother’.
nāsāpuṭa—: in the Kamdesh dialect —s— reg. > —z—
G.M.
*niḥśaṁsa— ‘detracting, evil—minded’ see nr̥śáṁsa— Add.
†;nibiḍa—2 ‘crook—nosed’ see *biḍḍa—.
*nirālaya—: see also *anyākāra— Add.
nirgarva— see garva— Add.
14662 *nīḍāti: 1. Cf. Kt. naře— ‘to weed’.
14663 *nīḍāna—: 1. Dm. nyä̃řäi ‘weeding’, M. (Kuḍāḷī
dial.) naḍanī.
14668a *paddhara— ‘level, straight’. [Cf. prādhvaná— ‘bed
or course of a river’ RV., prādhvara— (unexpl. epithet
of śākhā— ‘branch’) Cat., prādhva— ‘*advancing,
*straight’ (‘travelling’ Pāṇ.com., °vē ‘at the head of’
Kāṭh., °vam ‘suitably, properly’ R., ‘conformably’
Āpast. — prādhva— X prahva— in prādhvaṁ kr̥tvā
‘laying down’ MBh., prādhvam ‘humbly’ Hcar.);
paddhara— < prādhvara— would be (rather than an
ancient r/n variant of prādhvaná—) a MIA. ext. of
prādhva— ~ *prādhva—t— in paddhati— f. ‘way’ Hariv.,
*prādhva—ḍ— in paddhoḍī— (musical term) Saṁgīt.,
*prādhvā—r— in *paddhārayati (Pk. pādhāraī with
EMIA. ādh < āddh) ‘travels’. — paddharaṇī— (sthālī—)
f. ‘(bowl) for collecting the scooped footprint of the
soma—cow’ ŚrS. (Caland—Henry Agniṣṭoma p. 38) con-
ceived of by pop. etym. as containing pad—haraṇa-
(J. C. W.). — ádhvan—]
14682a *paṣṭāna— [Psht. paštūn rather < *parswāna— G.
Morgenstierne AO xvii 138 ff., TPS 1948, 75]
14684 *pāḍḍa—: Sik. pāḍo ‘bull’ (← G.?). — See bali-
várda—.
14702 *
pōḍ—: Gy. eur.
pur— ‘to burn, singe’ (not with
GWZS 2631 ← Gk.
pu=r).
*
pōnda—: see also
apāna— Add.
14711a *plōtra—: Pk. potta— n. ‘boat’.
14714 *phūha—: Gy. eur. phuy ‘disgusting, hateful, bad’
(GWZS 2619)?
14722 *būṭa—2. 3. *bōṭṭa—: Gy. eur. bor m. ‘bush, hedge’, pl.
bura ‘brushwood’.
14723 *būra—: 2. S. bhuraṇu ‘to crumble’, L. bhuraṇ; H.
bhurbhurā ‘powdery’: rather than < bhuráti.
14724 *bōkkasa—: H. bhõ;kas m. ‘wizard’ rather than
< *bhōṅka—1.
14726 *bhabh—: Gy. rum. phab— (< *bhabbh—), 3 sg. phaból
‘burns, is hot’, phabar— ‘to set alight’ (Miklosich
Mund viii 38).
14736 *mariyasthāna—: Kal. maristan ‘slave’ ← Kho.
14738 *marja—: Kal.urt. brhānz, rumb. brhuṇ(z) ‘meadow’,
Phal. brhū́nzu.
14750 *miḍḍa—. 4. mēṭṭa—1: Kt. meṭé, meṭistok ‘short’.
MUC: *anāmukta— Add.
14751 *murati1: Gy. eur. mur— ‘to rub, wash, wet’ (or
< *mr̥dati: in mng. ‘to shave’ < muṇḍayati).
14754 *muss—: L. muskaṇ ‘to smile’ (→ Psht.waz. mƏskai
‘smiling’). — Paš. musa ‘smiling’ prob. ← Psht.
musai ← IA. EVP 47.
14761 *mēcca—. 2. *mēñca—: Gy. eur. mīǰo ‘bad, wicked’
rather than < mithyā́ (GWZS 1957), but doubtful.
14767 *yaja—: Kt. yūċ also ‘ice’.
14776 *randati: Gy. eur. rand— ‘to scrape, scratch, file,
shave’.
rápati [Mng. ‘talk’ (despite EWA iii 41) is certain in
SV. rārapat ~ RV. vāvadat (J. C. W.)]
14780 *rātrīvāra—: Kt. ŕadår is f.
14793 *vadhati: Kt. wa—tum ‘I beat (a drum)’.
14809 *vr̥mra—: Paš.al. pch. lī̆ṅg, snj. līṅgä (f.?), she.
hirmbū ‘walnut’.
14812 *śaṭṭa—. 3. śaṇṭhá—1: K. hanḍun rather < *haṇṭ—2.
1S 1S GOALS of the SARVA Dictionary
In response to the claim (made in a recent publication and on the internet) that SARVA belongs to a "global network" with "well-established operating bases inside India", and is a "pretext for shifting the argument from linguistics to politics, so that 'language contact' is rephrased in terms of 'victimhood' and 'oppression'," it may be noted that SARVA deals with ancient languages, many of which are now extinct or nearly so, and does not concern itself with "race" in any sense, nor with politics--nor even with any history later than the first millennium BCE.
1S GOALS of the SARVA DictionaryIn response to the claim (made in a recent publication and on the internet) that SARVA belongs to a "global network" with "well-established operating bases inside India", and is a "pretext for shifting the argument from linguistics to politics, so that 'language contact' is rephrased in terms of 'victimhood' and 'oppression'," it may be noted that SARVA deals with ancient languages, many of which are now extinct or nearly so, and does not concern itself with "race" in any sense, nor with politics--nor even with any history later than the first millennium BCE.
SARVA is the work of a small group of linguistic scholars, whose published work is available for examination, and will be found by any fair-minded observer to contain no justification for such a claim. If anyone is shifting the argument from languages to politics, it is those whose twisted perception leads them to interpret any mention of non-mainstream languages as a statement about contemporary political relations. Are we to give up the study of language history because of such a distortion? We think not.
We protest against the uninformed, ridiculous, yet libelous attack on a purely scholarly project. We will continue to add to this dictionary, undeterred.
2922 S kalaha- kalaha- quarrel Up+. CDIAL 2922: kalaha— m. ‘quarrel, fight’ MBh. Pa. Pk. kalaha— m.; S. karahı̃ f. ‘quarrelling’; L. kallā m. ‘noise, uproar’; N. kalaha ‘quarrel’, A. kalah, kalau, B. kalah, Or. kaḷaha, Mth. H. kalah m., OMarw. kalaha m., G. kaḷɔ m., M. kaḷho m., Si. kalaha, kalā. - Kt. kƏle ‘war, fighting’, Pr. kә̄lƏ perh. < kali—1. - Redup. K. kŏlakŏl m. ‘uproar’. — Ext. with —la—: P. karhalā ‘quarrelsome’. kalahin—; kalahakāra—.
Mayrhofer EWA I 321: 'not clear', perhaps onomatopoetic; the word has been connected with Dravidian (DEDR 1306 kalavaram 'confusion'etc.) and Munda words (Kuiper, Proto-Munda Words 180). Berger, WZKS 3, 1953, 58 thinks of an Austroasiatic source.
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