ʻ the pumpkin -- gourd Beninkasa cerifera ʼ Late Vedic: Kaṭha Āraṇyaka, Taittirīya Āraṇyaka 2: a class of ascetic Ṛṣis born from a field of pumpkins; note other birth myths from gourds (MW); -- MBh.,
0ḍī -- ,
kumbhāṇḍī -- lex.,
kūśmāṇḍa -- ,
kū˘ṣmāṇḍaka<->
Car. 2. *
kōhaṇḍa -- . 3. *
kōhala -- . [
kū˘ṣm0,
kūśm0,
kumbh0
sanskritization of MIA.
kōmh0 of non -- Aryan origin
(PMWS 144, EWA i 247). Note phonetic parallelism
between
kū˘ṣmāṇḍa -- Pur. ~
kumbhāṇḍa -- Buddh. ʻ class
of demons ʼ and
kuṣmāṇḍa -- (
kūśm0,
kūṣmāṇḍaka -- ) ~ Pa.
kumbhaṇḍa -- (Sk.
kumbhāṇḍī -- ) ʻ gourd ʼ. --
kumbhaphalā
f. ʻ Cucurbita pepo ʼ lex. by pop. etym.]
1. Pa.
kumbhaṇḍa -- n. ʻ a kind of gourd ʼ, Pk.
kumhaṁḍa -- n. ʻ the gourd ʼ,
0ḍī -- f. ʻ the plant ʼ,
kuṁbhaṁḍa -- n.
(cf.
kuṁbhī -- f. ʻ the plant ʼ); N.
kubhiṇḍo,
0biṇḍo ʻ a
gourd ʼ; A.
komorā ʻ pumpkin ʼ; B.
kumṛā ʻ pumpkingourd ʼ; Or.
kumbhṛā,
kumbaṛā,
kumṛā ʻ white gourd ʼ;
EBi.
kumhaṛ ʻ a variety of Cucurbita pepo ʼ; Mth.
kumhaṛ,
0haṛā ʻ sweet pumpkin ʼ, (NTirhut)
kŏmhṛā
ʻ Cucurbita pepo ʼ, H.
kamṛhā m.; Si.
komon̆ḍu,
komaḍu ʻ the water -- melon Cucurbita citrulla ʼ (see
āmaṇḍa -- ).
2. Pk.
kōhaṁḍa -- n. ʻ gourd ʼ,
0ḍī -- f. ʻ the plant ʼ,
kū˘haṁḍa -- n.,
0ḍī -- ,
0ḍiyā -- f.; N.
kaĩṛo ʻ young fruit of a
pumpkin ʼ; B.
kohõṛā ʻ pumpkin -- gourd ʼ, (Chittagong)
kõrā; Bi.
kõhṛā ʻ Cucurbita pepo ʼ, H.
kõhṛā,
koh0,
kõhar,
koh0 m.
3. Pk.
kōhalī -- f. ʻ the gourd plant ʼ; G.
kohḷũ n. ʻ a
gourd ʼ; M.
kohḷẽ,
kohoḷẽ,
kohāḷẽ n. ʻ the fruit of Cucurbita
pepo ʼ,
kovhāḷā m.,
0ḷẽ n. ʻ pumpion ʼ,
0ḷī f. ʻ the plant ʼ.
Addenda:
kuṣmāṇḍa -- . 1. Brj.
kumhṛo,
kõhṛo m. ʻ gourd ʼ.
3374S *KUMH-/KOMH- ‘gourd, pumpkin’3374S *KUMH-/KOMH- ‘gourd, pumpkin’
COMM: (FCS) This word has two main variants in both IA and DR, one with a (?) suffix -aṇḍ-/-a(ṇ)ṭ(ṭ)- appearing in eastern contexts (eastern Indo-Aryan, SD2, and Malto (ND)--the latter possibly borrowed from IA languages), the other with a suffix -al/-aḷ occurring in western contexts (Southwestern IA and SD1). This word is found only in NIA “outer group” languages. The (eastern) form kuṣmāṇḍa is attested in OIA in the 6th Century BCE in the western UP/Haryana region.
The two suffixes may be related respectively to (1) aṇḍa ‘egg’ (see 1111S, also MU ənḍəraj/ḍaj/kaṇḍraj/etc. Solanum melongena)--a suffix which may also be present in OIA āmaṇḍa ‘castor-bean, myrobalan’ (CDIAL1240) and ēraṇḍa ‘castor-bean, long pepper’ (CDIAL2517), and (2) phala/paẓa ‘fruit’, an OIA-DR item of disputed origin.
Though DEDR treats DR *kumm-paḷ/ *kumm-a(ṇ)ṭ(ṭ) as a borrowing from OIA, the distribution of the forms suggests that borrowing from a third source is at least equally possible. (While the DR forms permit of a PD reconstruction, it is also possible that they may be the result of borrowing from various sources.)
The first element, *kus-m…/*kumh…/*komh…/*kumm… (see CDIAL3374 for u~o variation), may have been distributed across the “tribal belt” of Central India at some stage prior to the arrival of “outer group” IA languages in this area, where it was borrowed independently by different IA- and DR-speaking groups. The original source may be AA or some unknown language group. (Mayrhofer 1953:247: “Wahrscheinlich Austroasiatisch…”, assuming a prefix kuṣ plus a root of the shape bhaṭā, māṇḍa or the like, as found in other words for cucurbits, e.g. CDIAL4826 cir-bhaṭa m. Cucumis utilissimus, āmaṇḍa 'castor bean' [see above].)
3386 *kuha—
2 ‘fog, mist’, kuhēḍī—, °ḍikā—, kuhēlikā—, kūhā—
f. lex.
Kho. (Lor.) koi dik ‘to rain while the sun is shin-
ing’ (?); A. kowā—mowā, kū̃wā—kū̃he ‘haziness’; B. ko
‘fog, mist’; Bi. kūhā ‘morning fog’; Mth. kuh ‘fog,
mist’; M. kuhā ‘dampness of weather, ground, etc.’
— Various ext.: L. kuhīṛ, koh° m. ‘mist, fog, haze’; P.
kuhīṛ f. ‘fine rain, mist’; Ku. kohṛo ‘mist, fog’, B.
kohāṛā, Or. kuhuṛi, H. kuhṛī f., kūhṛā m.; — Sh. gur.
kăurĭh m. ‘mist’ (?); P. kuhur m., °hīr f. ‘fog, mist’, Ku.
kwīro, N. kuhiro, kui°, H. kohar f., kū̆hrā m., kuherī f.;
— A. kū̃walī ‘haziness’.
*kuhavarṣa—.
Addenda: kuha—2: A. kuwali ‘fog’ AFD 223.
3388 *kuharayati ‘coos’, kuharita— n. ‘cry of the kōkila
bird’ lex.
B. kuharā ‘to coo’; Or. kuharibā, kuhur° ‘to coo,
lament plaintively’; H. kuharnā, kah° ‘to groan’.
kuhali— see *khilli—.
3390 *kūkkati ‘screams’. 2. *kūkkā— ‘scream’. [Onom.
cf. *kīkkati, to be separated from *krukṣati]
1. Pk. kukkaï, kok° ‘calls, challenges’; S. kūkaṇu ‘to
screech’; L. kūkaṇ ‘to scream’, P. kūkṇā, H. kūknā; M.
kukṇẽ, kũk° ‘to crow’.
2. S. kūka f. ‘scream’, L. P. kūk f., H. kūk, kok f.
— Deriv. S. kūkiṛo m. ‘consternation’, kūkāraṇu ‘to
screech’.
kūcı̄́— see kūrcá—.
Addenda: *kūkkati [Poss. < *kuhukk—: cf. kuhurava-
(kuhūrava— Naiṣ.) m. ‘cry of the kōkila’ MBh.,
kuharita— n. (*kuharayati) lex.; kuhakuhārāva— m.
‘cry of the cātaka’ Bālar., kuhakārāva— m. ‘neighing’
HPariś., kuhakka— m. ‘a musical measure’ MW.]
OP. kuhakaṇu ‘to coo (of the kōkila)’; OMarw.
(Vīsaḷa) absol. koki ‘summoning’.
3459 *kēñcuka— ‘worm’. [kiñculaka—, kiñcilaka— m. ‘earth-
worm’ lex.]
A. kẽsu, kesu ‘earthworm’, B. kẽcuā, °co, °cui; Or.
keñcu, °cuā ‘earthworm, tape—worm’; H. kẽcuā m.
‘earthworm’.
3460 *kēṭṭa— ‘child’. [Cf. *kaṭṭa—2, *kaḍḍa—]
Paš. weg. keṭalā́, lagh. kiṭ° ‘boy, son’; Shum. kyēṭa
‘boy’, °ṭī ‘girl’; Ku. keṭo ‘boy, son, puppy, kitten’, °ṭī
‘daughter’; N. keṭo ‘boy, son’, °ṭi ‘girl, daughter’; — Si.
keṭṭu ‘thin, meagre’? Cf. OM. kelā ‘pupil’.
*kēḍ— ‘play’ see *khēḍ—.
Addenda: *kēṭṭa— [Cf. cāṭa—, cēlla—]: †;*gurjarakēṭṭa—,
†;*daridrakēṭṭa—.
3461 *kēḍa— ‘stick, twig’.
WPah. bhad. kèṛu ‘firewood’, bhiḍ. kèṛõ; n. pl. ‘pieces
of wood’; Ku. keṛo, pl. kyāṛā m. ‘thin stick’, N. pāt-
kerā ‘leaves and twigs’; Bi. kerā ‘small bundle of crop
given to village artisan at the division’; H. keṛā m.
‘tender twig, sapling’.
Addenda: *kēḍa— ‘stick’. [Poss. der. from sáṁkirati, OP.
sakelaṇu ‘to collect (firewood)’; C. Shackle p. 32
derives the OP. verb from *kēḍa—] J.C.W.
3476 *kaiḍikā— ‘a small sheep’. [kā—, ēḍa—]
Kho. kéḷi ‘sheep’ BelvalkarVol 91, (Lor.) ‘ewe three
or four or more years old’.
3486 *kōkka— ‘nail’. [→ Par. kūk IIFL i 265]
Pk. kokkāsa— m. ‘the name of a carpenter’; Ash.
kōkā́ ‘nail, peg’, Wg. (Lumsden) "kokhchu", Paš.
kōkū́; S. koko m. ‘small nail, pin’, kokaṇu ‘to tack,
stitch together’, koka f. ‘stitch’; L. kokā m. ‘hobnail,
tack’; P. kokā m. ‘a very small nail’, kok f. ‘basting’; N.
kokai kā̃ṭi ‘nails’; H. kokā m. ‘tack, nail, thorn, spike of
plaintain, bud’; M. kõ;kā m. ‘spike of plaintain’; Si.
kokka, pl. koku ‘hook’, keki ‘hook for picking fruit’
< *kokkiā.
3489 *kōcc— ‘thrust, pierce, dig’.
Wg. Kt. kuč— ‘to dig’, Pr. kučƏ—, Dm. kōč—, Paš.
kēči— IIFL iii 3, 88, Kal. kōč—; P. kucalnā ‘to bruise,
crush’, kucrā ‘broken to pieces’; Ku. kocṇo ‘to pene-
trate’; N. kocnu ‘to thrust, force into’, kocārnu ‘to
thrust’, kucelnu ‘to stir up’; H. kocnā, kū̆c°, kõ;c°, kū̃c°
‘to pierce, rip’; G. kocvũ ‘to pierce’, kocrũ ‘having
holes’. — Prob. separate from Dm. kučāy— ‘to scratch
oneself’; Paš. kučeyā ‘itch’; Kal. kučh— ‘to scratch’,
Kho. kuc̣ēi—, Gaw. kuċa— NTS xii 172.
Addenda: *kōcc—: cf. *kucyatē.
3490 *kōjava— ‘fleecy cloth’.
Pa. kōjava— m. ‘rug or cover with long hair, fleecy
counterpane’; Pk. kōyavaya— m. ‘coverlet made of
cloth stuffed with cotton—wool’; Si. kon̆du ‘made of
goat's hair’ EGS 50.
Addenda: *kōjava—, cf. kaucapaka— m.n. ‘kind of rug’ Arthaś.
3502 *kōḍamba— ‘pot’. [← Drav. see kuṭa—1]
Pa. kōḷamba— m. ‘pot’; Pk. kōlaṁba— m. ‘dish’ (cf.
kollara— m.); Niṅg. kōṛmṓ ‘pitcher’; M. koḷãbẽ n. ‘pot
with large opening’.
3503 *kōḍi— ‘a score, twenty’. [J. Przyluski RoczOrj iv 231
← Austro—as. (Mahle kuri, Birhar kuṛi, Kharia kori,
Juang koḍi: prob. same as word for ‘man’, i.e. ‘20
fingers’) whence → Drav. (Kurukh kūrī, Malto koṛi,
Kui kōḍe)]
K. kuri f. ‘a score’, S. P. koṛī f. (PhonPj 118 < kṓṭi—1),
N. kori, A. kuri, B. kuṛi, Or. koṛi, H. koṛī f., G. kũḍī f.,
M. koḍ, °ḍī f.
*kōḍḍ— ‘dig’ see *khōdd—.
Addenda: *kōḍi—: S.kcch. koḍī ‘20’.
3507 *kōṇṭa— ‘defective’. [See list s.v. kuṇṭha—]
Pa. koṇṭa— m. ‘man of dirty habits’.
3508 *kōṇṭha— ‘defective’. [See list s.v. kuṇṭha—]
Pa. koṇṭha— ‘crippled’; Pk. koṁṭha— ‘slow, stupid’;
Paš. kōṇḍā́ ‘bald’, Kal. rumb. kōṇḍa ‘hornless’.
*kōṇḍala— ‘ring’ see kuṇḍalá—1.
3509 *kōta— ‘garlic’.
Kt. kū ‘edible garlic, chive’; Dm. kuwŕéi, kuwéŕi
‘name of a plant, garlic (?)’ NTS xii 175; Kal. kōla
‘edible garlic’.
3510 *kōttha— ‘belly’. [Cf. *kōtthala—, kṓṣṭha—1?]
Pk. kottha— ‘pertaining to the belly’; Or. kothā
‘corpulent’, kothala, °thāḷa ‘pot—bellied’; — X *gōdda-
in kodā, °dāḷiā ‘id.’?
3511 *kōtthala— ‘bag’. [Cf. *kōttha—]
Pa. kotthalī— f. ‘sack (?)’; Pk. kotthala— m. ‘bag,
grainstore’ (kōha— m. ‘bag’ < *kōtha?); K. kŏthul, °lu
m. ‘large bag or parcel’, kothüjü
f. ‘small do.’; S. kothirī
f. ‘bag’; Ku. kuthlo ‘large bag, sack’; B. kūthlī ‘satchel,
wallet’; Or. kuthaḷi, °thuḷi, kothaḷi, °thiḷi ‘wallet, pouch’;
H. kothlā m. ‘bag, sack, stomach (see *kōttha—)’, °lī f.
‘purse’; G. kothḷɔ m. ‘large bag’, °ḷī f. ‘purse, scrotum’;
M. kothḷā m. ‘large sack, chamber of stomach (= peṭā
ċā k°)’, °ḷẽ n. ‘sack’, °ḷī f. ‘small sack’; — X gōṇı̄́—:
S. ǥothirī f. ‘bag’, L. gutthlā m.
3519 *kōppara— ‘coconut, skull’. [Cf. *khōppa—1]
Bshk. kōpar ‘top of head’; S. kopiro m. ‘coconut’,
°rī f. ‘skull’; L. kōpar m. ‘a large head’, kōprī f. ‘skull,
crown of head’; N. koparā ‘pan (usu. brass)’; Or.
koparā ‘a skull—like earthen vessel’; G. koprũ n. ‘coco-
nut’ (ṭoprũ n. ‘id.’ orig. an echo word of the type B.
ghoṛā—ṭoṛā ODBL 176); M. koprā m. ‘small iron pot’.
Addenda: *kōppara—: Pk. kuppara— m. ‘skull’ (see karpara—).
3521 *kōpha— ‘lump, hill’. [< Ār. *kaupha—, Av. kaofa—,
OPers. kaufa— ‘mountain’.]
Pr. kū ‘high mountain’, Kt. kū ‘hump’ NTS xv 260.
3522 *kōbb— ‘strike’. 2. *kōmb—. [Cf. *cōbb—]
1. S. koḇaṇu ‘to beat ground level’, koḇo m. ‘rammer’;
P. kobā m. ‘wooden or iron beater for leather’; A. kob
‘blow with a striking or cutting instrument’, kobāiba
‘to strike, whip’; Or. kobā ‘wooden rammer’, kobā—kobī
‘mutual beating’; M. kubalṇẽ ‘to beat’; — B. kopāna ‘to
strike, dig, cut, chop’ X copāna— < *cōpp—.
2. M. kõ;bṇẽ, komṇẽ ‘to thump, thrust, force in,
cram in’.
Addenda: *kōbb—. 2. *kōmb—: Ko. khombtā ‘thrusts’.
3524 *kōmh— ‘wither’. 2. *kurumm—.
1. Pk. kummaṇa—, kuimāṇa— ‘withered’; S. kūmāijaṇu,
°māṭijaṇu, pp. °māṇo ‘to wither’, L. kumāvaṇ, pp.
°māṇa, P. kumlāuṇā, kam°; N. kumhlāunu, kuml° ‘to
fade, wither’, OAw. kuṁbhilāi, H. kumhlānā, kumbhil°,
kumbhl°; M. kõ;bṇẽ, komṇẽ, °meṇẽ, °mej̈ṇẽ, °maj̈ṇẽ,
°māiṇẽ, °māvṇẽ, °malṇẽ.
2. Pk. kurumāṇa— n. ‘withering’; L. kurmāvaṇ, pp.
°māṇa ‘to wither’; G. karmāvũ, pp. °māyũ ‘to fade,
wither, pine away’.
3525 *kōya— ‘inside of fruit’.
N. koyo ‘stone or kernel of fruit’; H. koyā m. ‘pulp
of jackfruit’; M. koy f., koyãḍā m. ‘mango stone’,
koyāḷ ‘having a fully formed kernel (of a mango)’.
3526 *kōra— ‘fresh, new, unused’.
K. kōra ‘brand new, unused, unwashed’; S. koro
‘new, unwashed, blank’; L. korā ‘fresh, unused (of a
pot), simple, stupid’; P. korā ‘new (of a pot), un-
bleached, unwashed, untaught’; Ku. koro ‘unused,
dry, rough’; N. koro ‘raw’; B. korā ‘rough, uncleaned,
unbleached’; Or. korā ‘new (of cloth), unbleached’,
k° lugā ‘unbleached calico’; H. korā ‘new, unhandled,
unwashed, simple, poor’; G. korũ ‘new, unwashed,
unused’; M. korā ‘new, just made, unused’.
Addenda: *kōra— [← Drav. see kuḍmalá— Add2]
S.kcch. koro ‘blank’, WPah.kṭg. kṓrɔ ‘straight’
(Him.I 23 why ṓ?), J. korā ‘plain, unused’, OP.
nikoru ‘quite pure’ (+ intensive †;niṣ—).
3528 *kōraḍa— ‘whip’. [√*kur?]
P. koraṛā, koṛā m. ‘whip’, N. korrā (koraṛā ← H.),
B. koṛā, Or. koraṛā, koṛā, kuṛā, H. kolṛā, koṛṛā, koṛā
m., G. kɔrṛɔ, koyṛɔ, kɔḍḍɔ m., M. korḍā m.
3531 *kōrā— f. ‘edge, side, direction’.
S. kora f. ‘edge, binding, tape’; P. kor f. ‘edge,
hangnail’; Mth. kor ‘boundary’; H. kor f. ‘edge, tip’
(in latter sense prob. < kṓṭi—1); G. kor f. ‘edge, direc-
tion’; M. kor f. ‘side, direction’.
3533 *kōla—
4 ‘curved, crooked’. [Cf. kaula— m. ‘worshipper
of Śakti according to left—hand ritual’, khōla—3 ‘lame’
s.v. khōra—1. Prob. < *kaura— (IE. *qou—lo— cf. WP i
371?) in Khot. kūra— ‘crooked’ BSOS ix 72 and poss.
Sk. kōra— m. ‘movable joint’ Suśr.]
Ash. kṓlƏ ‘curved, crooked’; Dm. kōla ‘crooked’, Tir.
kṓolƏ; Paš. kōlā́ ‘curved, crooked’, Shum. kolā́ṇṭa;
Kho. koli ‘crooked’, (Lor.) also ‘lefthand, left’; Bshk.
kōl ‘crooked’, Tor. kōl (Grierson Tor 161 < kuṭila—:
rejected by Morgenstierne AO xii 181), Phal. kūulo;
Sh. kōlu̯ ‘curved, crooked’.
kōlaka— see kakkōla—.
3536 *kōlhu— ‘machine for pressing sugarcane or oilseeds’.
Pk. kolluga—, kolhua— m. ‘sugarcane press’, S. kolū m.,
P. kolhū, kuhulū m. ‘oilpress, sugarcane press’; WPah.
bhal. kṑlū m. ‘oilpress’, N. kol; Or. kohliā, kolihā, °liā
‘sugarcane press’; Bi. kolh, °hū, (Gaya) kelhū ‘oilpress’,
Mth. kōlh, Bhoj. kōlhu
; H. kolhū, kolū m. ‘sugarcane
press, oilpress’; G. kohlu m. ‘sugarcane press’.
— Deriv.: B. Or. kalu ‘oil—man (by caste)’, H. kolū m.
*kōlhuvagāra—, *kōlhuśālā—.
Addenda: *kōlhu—: WPah.kṭg. kóllhu m. ‘sugar—cane or oil
press’.
3678 *kṣāramr̥tti—, kṣāramr̥ttikā— f. ‘saline soil’ KātyŚr.
Com. [kṣārá—1, mŕ̥ttikā—]
M. khārvaṭ f.
3760 *kha—ul— ‘be heated’.
P. khaulaṇā ‘to be heated, boil’, N. khaulanu, H.
khaulnā.
KHAKKH ‘laugh’: khákkhati.
khakkhaṭa— see kakkhaṭa—.
3762 *khakkhālayati ‘rinses’. 2. *khaṅkhālayati. [Onom.
rather than < *kṣalkṣāl—, *kṣaṅkṣāl— intens. of √kṣal
since both K. and M. have kh]
1. K. khŏkhalun ‘to cleanse, be rinsed in water and
shaken about’; Ku. khakolṇo ‘to gargle’; N. khakālnu
‘to rinse’.
2. P. khãghālṇā, ghã° ‘to rinse (a vessel)’; H. khãgālnā,
khãg(h)ārnā ‘to rinse’; G. khãkhāḷvũ ‘to wash vigor-
ously’, khãkhoḷvũ ‘to rinse, rummage’, khãkhorvũ ‘to
scatter’, khãkhervũ ‘to shake off dust’, khãgãḷvũ ‘to
rinse the mouth in the morning’; M. khãgāḷṇẽ ‘to shake
about in water’.
3763 *khaṅkh— ‘cough, hawk’. 2. *khaṅkhār—. [Onom.,
cf. *khāṭkāra—]
1. S. khaṅghi f. ‘cough’, khaṅghaṇu ‘to cough’, L.
khaṅgh, khagg f., khaṅghaṇ, khaggaṇ vb., P. khaṅgh f.,
khaṅghṇā vb. (PhonPj 117 < kā́satē); WPah. bhal.
khaṅkh f. ‘coughed’, khaṅkhu n. of pp. ‘coughed’; Or.
khãkhã ‘cough’; M. khẽk f., khẽkṇẽ vb. — Ext. with
—ḍ—: G. khā̃khaṛiyũ n. ‘cough’.
2. P. khaṅkhārṇā ‘to cough’; A. khẽkhār ‘expectora-
tion’; B. khā̃kār ‘hawking’, Or. khãkāra, H. khãkār
m., khãkārnā vb.; G. khãkhār, °rɔ m. ‘hoarseness’,
khãkhārvũ ‘to hawk, neigh’; M. khãkārṇẽ, khā̃kar° ‘to
hawk’.
*khaṅkhālayati see *khakkhālayati.
KHAC ‘project, be studded’: *khacyatē.
Addenda: *khaṅkh—: S.kcch. khaṅgh f. ‘cough’, khaṅgharo m.
‘sound of gargling, phlegm’.
3764 *khacc— ‘sink down or back’.
M. khaċṇẽ ‘to sink down’; — N. khackanu ‘to subside,
grow less’; G. khackāvũ ‘to shrink back, be stopped’.
*khacca— ‘dirt’ see *kicca—.
3765 *
khaccara— ‘mule’. 2. *
kaccara—2. [← (through
Psht.
qačara or Bal.
xačar?) a Turk. dial. form such as
qačïr ultimately ← Ir. *
xaratara— (cf. IA.
khara—
1) in
Sogd.
g
rtr'
k, Khot.
khaḍara W. B. Henning BSOAS
xi 723]
1. Paš. dar.
xáčir, kuṛ.
kačero ‘mule’, S.
khacaru m.,
°ri f., P.
khaccar f. (→ N.
khaccar; H.
khaccar m.
‘mule’,
khacrā ‘hybrid, of mixed parentage’; G.
khaccar n. ‘mule’, M.
khaċar,
khẽċar n.).
2. L.
kaccur m.,
°cir f.
Addenda: *
khaccara—: WPah.kṭg.
kháċċƏr f. ‘mule’, J.
khācr f.
3767 *khañca— ‘basket’.
N. khā̃c ‘basket for carrying birds (such as quails)’;
B. khā̃cā ‘hen—coop’; Mth. khā̃cā ‘large basket of
tamarisk twigs’, °cī ‘small do.’; H. khā̃cā m. ‘hen—coop’
(→ P. khā̃cā m.).
3774 *khaṭīmr̥ttikā— ‘chalk and earth’. [Cf. A. khari-
māṭi ‘chalk’. — khaṭikā—, mŕ̥ttikā—]
B. khaṛiṭi ‘chalk and earth, plastering mud walls to
make them smooth’.
3778 *khaṭṭa—
2 ‘wound, sore’.
N. khāṭo ‘scab, scar’, khaṭiro ‘boil’, khaṭirā—paṭirā
‘boils and other skin diseases’; M. khaṭ n. ‘ulcer’.
3790 *khaḍḍa— ‘hole, pit’. [Cf. *gaḍḍa— and list s.v.
kartá—1]
Pk. khaḍḍā— f. ‘hole, mine, cave’, °ḍaga— m. ‘one who
digs a hole’, °ḍōlaya— m. ‘hole’; Bshk. (Biddulph)
"kād" (= khaḍ?) ‘valley’; K. khŏḍ m. ‘pit’, khö̆ḍü
f.
‘small pit’, khoḍu
m. ‘vulva’; S. khaḍ̱a f. ‘pit’; L. khaḍḍ
f. ‘pit, cavern, ravine’; P. khaḍḍ f. ‘pit, ravine’, °ḍī f.
‘hole for a weaver's feet’ (→ Ku. khaḍḍ, N. khaḍ; H.
khaḍ, khaḍḍā m. ‘pit, low ground, notch’; Or. khãḍi
‘edge of a deep pit’; M. khaḍḍā m. ‘rough hole, pit’);
WPah. khaś. khaḍḍā ‘stream’; N. khāṛo ‘pit, bog’,
khāṛi ‘creek’, khāṛal ‘hole (in ground or stone)’.
— Altern. < *khāḍa—: Gy. gr. xar f. ‘hole’; Ku. khāṛ
‘pit’; B. khāṛī ‘creek, inlet’, khāṛal ‘pit, ditch’; H.
khāṛī f. ‘creek, inlet’, khaṛ—har, °al m. ‘hole’; Marw.
khāṛo m. ‘hole’; M. khāḍ f. ‘hole, creek’, °ḍā m. ‘hole’,
°ḍī f. ‘creek, inlet’.
khaḍḍukā— see khaṭū—.
Addenda: *khaḍḍa—: S.kcch. khaḍḍ f. ‘pit’; WPah.kṭg. kháḍ m.
‘hole in the earth, ravine’, poet. khāḍ (obl. —o) f.
‘small stream’, J. khāḍ f.
3793 *khaṇḍaka—
3 ‘sword’. [Perh. of same non—Aryan origin
as khaḍgá—2]
Pk. khaṁḍa— m. ‘sword’ (→ Tam. kaṇṭam), Gy.
SEeur. xaṛo, eur. xanro, xarno, xanlo, wel. xenlī f.,
S. khano m., P. khaṇḍā m., Ku. gng. khā̃ṛ, N. khā̃ṛo,
khũṛo (X churi < kṣurá—); A. khāṇḍā ‘heavy knife’; B.
khā̃rā ‘large sacrificial knife’; Or. khaṇḍā ‘sword’, H.
khā̃ṛā, G. khā̃ḍũ n., M. khā̃ḍā m., Si. kaḍuva.
3801 *khaṇḍu—
2 ‘cloth’. 2. *khaṇḍī—. [Cf. *khadda—,
*khāru—: ← Drav. cf. Tel. kaṇḍuvā ‘upper garment’;
Kol. khanḍva ‘cloth’, Nk. khanḍa, Prj. ganḍa: see DED
85]
1. B. khā̃ṛuyā ‘small piece of coarse cloth’; Or.
khaṇḍuā ‘shawl’; Si. kaḍa ‘bit of cloth’ (or < khaṇḍá—1).
2. N. khā̃ṛi ‘homespun cloth’, Bi. khā̃ṛī, khaṇḍā
‘woman's sāṛī’.
3807 *khadd— ‘drive away’.
P. khadeṛṇā ‘to drive away’; N. khadernu ‘to force
back’; H. khadeṛnā ‘to drive away’ (→ N. khadeṛnu); G.
khadvũ ‘to rush’, khadaṛvũ, °deṛvũ ‘to drive fast’.
3808 *khadda— ‘coarse cloth’. 2. *khaddara—. [Cf.
*khaṇḍu—2, *khāru—]
1. N. khādi ‘rough cloth’; B. khādi ‘small piece of
cloth’; H. G. M. khādī f. ‘thick coarse cotton cloth’.
2. L. khaddar, khaḍḍar m. ‘coarse cotton cloth’, P.
khaddar m., H. khādar f.
3815 *khandati ‘laughs’. [Cf. Pahl. xandītan ‘to laugh’ and
other Ir. forms in IIFL ii 33* and 422. — √*khand]
Kt. Wg. kan— ‘to laugh’, Ash. kōn—.
khánya— see khānya—.
3816 *khappa—
1 ‘cover’.
N. khāpnu ‘to put one thing on another, make over-
lap’; A. khāp ‘layer’; B. khāpā ‘to become adjusted’;
Or. khāpa ‘sheath’; Mth. khāp, khappā ‘cover’; H.
khāp f. ‘sheath’, khapānā ‘to fit into’. — S. khipa f.
‘scabbard’.
Addenda: *khappa—
1 ‘cover’. [~ Drav. DED 1024]
3817 *khappa—
2 ‘hole’. [Cf. *khōppa—2]
S. khapu, °po m. ‘notch, nick’; L. khappā m. ‘hole’;
P. khappā m. ‘cavity in a wall, narrow passage in a hill’;
M. khāp f. ‘notch, nick’.
*khampa— ‘shard, tile’ see kharpara—.
Addenda: *khappa—
2 ‘hole’. [~ Drav. DED 1026]
3838 *khalati
2 ‘rises’. 2. *khālayati. [Cf. khaḍaka—]
1. Gy. pal. kílăr ‘climbs’, klaúăr ‘raises’, klínnă
‘ladder’.
2. K. khālun, khārun ‘to make ascend’. — Gy. pal.
ḳōlăr ‘rides, embarks’, ḳlaúăr ‘gives a mount to’.
3855 *khasa—
2 ‘rough’. 2. *khasara—. [For similar words
see kakkhaṭa—]
1. B. khas ‘harsh, rough (to touch)’, khaskhas, Or.
khasakhasiā; H. khaskhas f. ‘harsh sound’; — A.
khahaṭā ‘rough’; — B. khasṛā ‘rough draft’? — N.
khaskhas ‘tickling in the throat’, khasmasāunu ‘to have
a sore throat’; A. kahmah ‘rubbing sound’.
2. K. khasuru
m. ‘gravel’; S. khahuro ‘rough’; N.
khasro ‘rough, coarse, thick’.
khasa—
3 ‘a partic. tribe’ see khaśa—.
3858 *khass— ‘snatch’.
S. khasaṇu ‘to snatch, take by force, ravish’, L.
khassaṇ; P. khassṇā, khasoṭṇā ‘to pluck out’, H.
khasoṭnā.
khājika— see khadikā—.
3859 *khāṭkāra— ‘clearing the throat’. [khāṭkarōti Pāṇ., cf.
*khaṅkh—: onom. with —kāra—3]
Pa. kakkārēti ‘hawks’, Ku. khakārṇo; N. khakār
‘phlegm’, khakārnu ‘to hawk’, H. khakārnā, M.
khākarṇẽ.
3860 *khāḍa— ‘a hollow’. [Cf. *khaḍḍa— and list s.v. kartá—1]
S. khāṛī f. ‘gulf, creek’; P. khāṛ ‘level country at the
foot of a mountain’, °ṛī f. ‘deep watercourse, creek’;
Bi. khārī ‘creek, inlet’; G. khāṛi
, °ṛī f., °ṛɔ m. ‘hole’.
— Altern. < *khaḍḍa—: Gy. gr. xar f. ‘hole’; Ku. khāṛ
‘pit’; B. khāṛī ‘creek, inlet’, khāṛal ‘pit, ditch’; H.
khāṛī ‘creek, inlet’, khaṛ—har, °al m. ‘hole’; Marw.
khāṛo m. ‘hole’; M. khāḍ f. ‘hole, creek’, °ḍā m. ‘hole’,
°ḍī f. ‘creek, inlet’.
*khāḍayati ‘makes stand’ see khaḍaka—.
khāḍga—, *khāḍgin— see khaḍgá—1.
3869 *khādanāntra— [khādana—, *antra—1]
S. khāṇā̃ḍro m. ‘cookhouse’.
3877 *khāru— ‘a kind of cloth’. [Cf. *khaṇḍu—2, *khadda—]
P. khārvā m. ‘coarse red cloth’; N. kharuwā ‘a coarse
cloth’; A. khāruwā ‘coarse red cotton cloth’, B. khāruyā,
Or. khārū̆ā, Bi. khāruā̃; Bhoj. kharuā ‘grey cloth’; H.
khārū̆ā, °rwā m. ‘coarse red cloth’; G. khārvũ n. ‘red
cloth’, °ruī f. ‘garment worn by widows’; M. khārvā m.
‘coarse red cloth’, °vẽ n. ‘loin—cloth made of it’.
khārkhōṭa— see kharkhōda—.
*khāla— ‘trench’ see khalla—2.
*khālayati ‘raises’ see *khalati
2.
*khāsayati ‘causes to rise’ see *khasati
2.
khikhi— see next.
3879 *khiṅga— ‘strong?’
Pk. khiṁga— ‘dissolute’; P. khiṅgā ‘stout, able-
bodied’.
Addenda: khiṅga— (v.l. khiḍga—, ṣiḍga—) ‘libertine’ lex.
3881 *
khiñc— ‘to drag, pull’. 2. *
khēñc— formed as tr.?
3. *
khaiñc— with
ai from
aı̃c— < *
atiyañcati.
4. *
khañc—. [Cf. *
ghīcc—, *phiñc— (< *
prakhiñc—??)]
1. P.
khiñjṇā ‘to pull’,
khiccṇā (after type
siñj— ~
sicc-
<
siñcáti ~
sicyátē), N.
khı̃cnu, B.
khı̃cā; Mth.
khı̄̃cab
‘to beat (clothes in washing)’; OAw.
khı̄̃caï ‘drags’; H.
khı̄̃cnā ‘to pull’ whence
khicnā ‘to be pulled’; OMarw.
khīc— ‘to pull’, G.
khı̃cvũ.
2. P.
khẽj f. ‘pulling’; B.
khẽcā ‘to pull’, Or.
kheñcibā,
H.
khẽcnā (→ K.
khē̃cun ‘to drag’), OMarw.
khec—, M.
kheċṇẽ.
3. P.
khaı̃c f. ‘pulling’; N.
khaı̃cnu ‘to pull’, Mth.
khaicab, H.
khaı̃cnā, OMarw.
khaı̃caï; G.
kh
e_
c f.
‘pulling’; M.
khaı̃ċṇẽ ‘to pull’.
4. Pk.
khaṁcaï ‘pulls’,
okkhaṁcijjaï ‘is pulled’; K.
khunzun,
khṳ̄nzun ‘to pluck out (feathers or hair)’; Or.
khā̃cibā ‘to draw tight’; OAw.
khāṁcaï ‘pulls’; — N.
khā̃cnu ‘to fold’?
*
khiṭṭa— ‘rust’ see
kiṭṭa—.
Addenda: *
khiñc—. 1. WPah.kṭg.
khínċṇõ;,
kh
e_
nċṇõ;,
khánċṇõ; ‘to
draw, pull, scratch’.
2. *
khēñc—: S.kcch.
khẽcṇū,
khaı̃cṇū ‘to pull, draw
(water)’.
3882 *khiḍ— ‘be open, expand’. 2. *khiḍḍ—
2. 3. *khiṇḍ—.
4. *khil—. 5. *khill—. 6. *khēḍ— tr. ‘open up, plough’.
[Cf. khēṭita— ‘ploughed’ lex.]
1. S. khiṛaṇu ‘to blossom’; L. khiṛaṇ ‘to open (of
a flower)’, awāṇ. khiṛuṇ; P. khiṛnā ‘to bloom’, caus.
°ṛāuṇā; — G. khiṛ f. ‘valley, mountain pass’.
2. P. khiḍāuṇā ‘to scatter’; Mth. khiṛāeb ‘to spread’.
3. S. khiṇḍaṇu ‘to be scattered’, caus. °ḍāiṇu; L.
awāṇ. khiṇḍuṇ ‘to spread’ intr.; P. khiṇḍaṇā ‘to be
scattered’, caus. °ḍāuṇā, H. khiṇḍnā, khı̄̃ḍnā, caus.
khı̃ḍānā; — M. khı̃ḍ f. ‘mountain pass’.
4. L. khiḷaṇ ‘to open’, intr. ‘smile’; OAw. khilaï
‘blossoms’; H. khilnā ‘to open, break out, bloom’, caus.
°lānā.
5. S. khillaṇu ‘to laugh’; L. caus. khilāraṇ ‘to spread,
stretch’; P. khillarṇā ‘to be scattered’, caus. khilāraṇā;
G. khīlvũ ‘to bloom, expand’, caus. khilavvũ.
6. Pk. khēḍaï ‘ploughs’, pp. °ḍia—, °ḍaṇa— n. ‘plough-
ing’; S. kheṛaṇu ‘to plough’, Or. kheṛibā; G. kheṛvũ ‘to
plough, drive’, °ṛaṇ m. ‘cultivator’, °ṛāṇ n. ‘arable land’.
*utkhiḍ—.
*khiḍḍ—
1 ‘play’ see *khēḍ—.
*khiḍḍ—
2 ‘open, expand’ see *khiḍ—.
Addenda: *khiḍ—. 5. *khill—: WPah.kṭg. khílṇõ; ‘to blossom’.
3886 *khila—
2 ‘lump, boil’. 2. *khilla—. 3. *killa—. [Poss.
conn. with kīla—1 ‘tumour’ MBh.: semant. cf.
*khuṇṭa—1]
1. Pa. khiḷa— ‘callosity’; N. khil ‘corn, callosity, hard
centre to a boil’; B. khil ‘clot forming on a teat when
milking’, M. khīḷ f., °ḷā m.
2. Pk. khilla— m. ‘boil’; G. khīl m. ‘pimple’.
3. L. awāṇ. kil ‘pimple’, P. kill m.
khilyá— see khilá—1.
*khill— ‘open, expand’ see *khiḍ—.
*khilla— ‘boil’ see *khila—2.
Addenda: khila—
2 m. ‘*callosity’ in ‘insoluble problem in
algebra’ Gol., ‘obduracy’ Lalit., ‘appendix’ (in
khilakāṇḍa— n. Vd.), adj. ‘defective’ BhP. [khila—2,
*khilla— (khilīkr̥ta— ‘powerless, baffled’ Kāv., †;akhila-
‘entire’ Kāv.) is hardly separable from khilá—1
‘uncultivated land’, khilyá— (khilīkr̥ta— ‘impassable’
Kālid., khilībhūta— ‘deserted’ Car.) J.C.W.]
*khill— see *khiḍ— Add2.
3887 *khilli— ‘roll esp. of betel leaf’. [Cf. kuhali— m., °lī— f.
‘betel leaf’ lex.?]
N. khili ‘packet, roll (esp. of betel leaf)’; A. khilā
‘leaf, betel leaf’; B. khili ‘roll (esp. of betel)’; Or. khila
‘bundle’; H. khīlī f. ‘betel leaf prepared for chewing’.
3888 *khis— ‘slip’. [Cf. √*khas
1]
Pk. khisaï ‘slips’; S. khisaṇu, pp. khitho ‘to fall in
fortune, sleep’ (< *khiss—?); H. khisnā ‘to sink, fall’;
G. khisvũ ‘to slide, go to a distance’ (whence caus.
khesavvũ); M. khisṇẽ ‘to move aside’. — Ext. with —kk—:
S. khiskaṇu ‘to slip’, P. khiskaṇā ‘to slip away’, H.
khisaknā.
Addenda: *khis—: S.kcch. khisṇū ‘to move’, WPah.kṭg. khísƏkṇõ;
‘to crawl’; G. khasvũ ‘to move, slide’ (rather <
*khasati
1).
3889 *khiss— ‘grin, snarl’.
Pk. khiṁsā— f. ‘blame’, khiṁsaē ‘blames’; P. khīs f.
‘grin’; Ku. khīs ‘ridicule’; N. khisi, khissi ‘mockery,
scorn’, khisyāunu ‘to mock’; Mth. khīs ‘anger’, khisiāeb
‘to be fretful’; H. khīs f. ‘mockery’, khīsnā ‘to mock,
grimace, show the teeth’, khisyānā ‘to grin’.
*khīl— ‘play’ see *khēḍ—.
khı̄́la— see kīla—1.
*khīlati ‘fastens’ see kı̄́lati.
*khīlla— ‘stake’ see kīla—1.
*khīllati ‘fastens’ see kı̄́lati.
3890 *khucc— ‘pierce, tear’. 2. *khōcc—. 3. *khuñc—.
4. *khōñc—. [Poss. formations fr. *sku—c—. For list of
poss. enlargements of IE. *sqeu— see √sku]
1. Gaw. kuċa— ‘to scratch’, kuċi— ‘to wish’ (< ‘*to
itch’?); P. khuccṇā ‘to be enjoyed sexually’; WPah.
bhal. khuċnū ‘to copulate’; OG. khūcaï; ‘pierces’.
2. Gaw. kōċi— ‘to wish’; H. khoc f., °cā m. ‘stab’; M.
khoċ f. ‘dint’.
3. B. khũcāna ‘to prick’, khũci ‘inserting new thatch
in old’, khũcṛāna ‘to stir a fire’; Or. khuñcibā ‘to poke’,
khuñca ‘peg’; G. khũcvũ ‘to pierce’, khũc m. ‘indenta-
tion’.
4. P. khõ;c f. ‘cut, tear’; A. khõ;siba ‘to stab’, khõ;sriba
‘to loosen earth with a pointed instrument’; H. khõ;cnā
‘to thrust’, khõ;cā m. ‘stab’, °cī f. ‘stuffing’, khõ;cālnā ‘to
scratch’, khõ;caṛ m. ‘an officious person’; M. khõ;ċṇẽ,
°ċarṇẽ ‘to thrust in’, khõ;ċaḷṇẽ ‘to dint’.
3891 *khuccā— ‘bend’. [< *skuc— beside √kuc?]
S. khuca f. ‘hock, hollow behind ankle, tendon
Achilles’. — See *kuñca—1, *khōñcā—.
*khuñc— ‘tear, pierce’ see *khucc—.
*KHUṬ ‘break, pierce’: *khuṭati, *khuṭyatē, *khuṇṭ-
ati, khúṇḍatē1, *khōṭayati; *ākhuṭati, *ākhōṭa-
yati, *niṣkhōṭayati.
3892 *khuṭati ‘breaks, pierces’. 2. *khuṇṭati. 3. *khuṭ-
yatē. 4. *khōṭayati. 5. khúṇḍatē
1, khuṇḍáyati,
khōḍayati ‘breaks in pieces’ Dhātup. [Cf. *utskr̥ta—.
— √*khuṭ]
1. Pk. khuḍaï ‘is broken, is separated’, °ḍēi ‘breaks’,
pp. khuḍia—, khulia—; M. khuḍṇẽ ‘to pluck, tear’.
2. H. khū̃ṭnā ‘to block, hinder’; G. khũṭvũ ‘to pluck
off’; M. khũṭṇẽ ‘to pluck with the nails, be obstructed’.
3. Pk. khuṭṭaï ‘is broken’, khuṭṭa— ‘broken’ (see also
*khuṭṭa—4); Phal. khuṭū́m ‘I stumble’; M. khuṭṇẽ ‘to
pluck’, khūṭṇẽ ‘to be obstructed’.
4. Pk. khōḍaya— m. ‘pressing the skin with fingernails’;
S. khoṛaṇu ‘to drive into’; Mth. Bi. (N of Ganges)
khornā, °nī ‘grain—parcher's poker’, (S of Ganges)
khoṛnā, °nī; G. khoṛvũ ‘to tear, break, bury’.
5. Pk. khuṁḍaya— ‘tripped up’; B. khõ;ṛā, khũṛā ‘to dig’
(or < *khōḍḍ—).
Addenda: *khuṭati. 2. *khuṇṭati: WPah.kṭg. khv́ṇḍhṇõ; ‘to break,
pinch’ (see also *khuṇṭha— Add2).
4. *khōṭayati: WPah.kṭg. khóṛnõ; ‘to dig, scratch,
engrave’ — see *khōdd— Add2.
3893 *khuṭṭa—
1 ‘peg, post’. 2. *khuṇṭa—1. [Same as
*khuṭṭa—2? — See also kṣōḍa—.]
1. Ku. khuṭī ‘peg’; N. khuṭnu ‘to stitch’ (der. *khuṭ
‘pin’ as khilnu from khil s.v. khı̄́la—); Mth. khuṭā ‘peg,
post’; H. khūṭā m. ‘peg, stump’; Marw. khuṭī f. ‘peg’;
M. khuṭā m. ‘post’.
2. Pk. khuṁṭa—, khoṁṭaya— m. ‘peg, post’; Dm.
kuṇḍa ‘peg for fastening yoke to plough—pole’; L.
khū̃ḍī f. ‘drum—stick’; P. khuṇḍ, °ḍā m. ‘peg, stump’;
WPah. rudh. khuṇḍ ‘tethering peg or post’; A. khũṭā
‘post’, °ṭi ‘peg’; B. khũṭā, °ṭi ‘wooden post, stake, pin,
wedge’; Or. khuṇṭa, °ṭā ‘pillar, post’; Bi. (with —ḍa—)
khũṭrā, °rī ‘posts about one foot high rising from body
of cart’; H. khū̃ṭā m. ‘stump, log’, °ṭī f. ‘small peg’
(→ P. khū̃ṭā m., °ṭī f. ‘stake, peg’); G. khū̃ṭ f. ‘landmark’,
khũṭɔ m., °ṭī f. ‘peg’, °ṭũ n. ‘stump’, °ṭiyũ n. ‘upright
support in frame of wagon’, khū̃ṭṛũ n. ‘half—burnt
piece of fuel’; M. khũṭ m. ‘stump of tree, pile in river,
grume on teat’ (semant. cf. kīla—1 s.v. *khila—2),
khũṭā m. ‘stake’, °ṭī f. ‘wooden pin’, khũṭaḷṇẽ ‘to dibble’.
Addenda: *khuṭṭa—
1. 2. *khuṇṭa—1: WPah.kṭg. khv́ndɔ ‘pole for
fencing or piling grass round’ (Him.I 35 nd poss.
wrong for ṇḍ); J. khuṇḍā m. ‘peg to fasten cattle to’.
3894 *khuṭṭa—
2 ‘leg’. [Perh. same as *khuṭṭa—1 ‘peg’, but
see word—group s.v. *kuṭṭha—]
Ku. khuṭo ‘leg, foot’, °ṭī ‘goat's leg’; N. khuṭo ‘leg,
foot’, khuṛkilo ‘ladder’ (< *khuṭ+kilo ‘peg’ < kīla—1).
*khuṭṭa—
3 ‘lame’ see khōra—1.
Addenda: *khuṭṭa—2: WPah.poet. khvṭe f. ‘leg (of a domestic
animal)’; J. khuṭi f.pl. ‘legs’; Garh. khuṭu ‘foot’.
3895 *khuṭṭa—
4 ‘defective’. [See list s.v. kuṇṭha—]
Pk. khuṭṭa— ‘broken’, khuṭṭaï ‘is broken, is worn out’
(but khuḍaï ‘breaks’, pp. khuḍia— < *khuṭati); Gy. pal.
kúrtă ‘short’, gr. khurdo ‘small’, wel. xuredō ‘small,
short, dwarfish’ (rather than < kṣudrá—, but rt, rd
< MIA. ṭṭ is doubtful, since wel. vārdō ~ MIA. aṭṭa-
< *ārta—2 may be ← or X Pers. ārd); Ḍ. khuṭa, f. °ṭi
‘short’, Sh. khŭṭo; S. khuṭaṇu ‘to fall short, fail’, khuṭalu
‘bankrupt’; L. khuṭṭaṇ ‘to be finished’; P. khuṭṭṇā ‘to be
diminished, be finished’; H. khūṭnā ‘to be worn out’; G.
khuṭvũ ‘to be exhausted’; M. khuṭṇẽ ‘to lack’.
*nikkhuṭṭa—; *khuṭṭahala—.
Addenda: *khuṭṭa—
4 [Cf. Ir. Shgh. kut m., kat f. ‘short’. Sang.
and Wkh. kuṭ prob. ← IA. — Av. kuta(ka)— would
not explain Shgh. t EVSh 41]
3897 *khuḍḍha— ‘defective’. [See list s.v. kuṇṭha—]
L. khuḍḍā ‘blunt, crooked—horned’, awāṇ. khuḍḍhā
‘blunt’.
*khuṇṭa—
1 ‘peg’ see *khuṭṭa—1.
Addenda: *khuḍḍha—: Md. kuḍa ‘twisted’.
*khuṇṭa—
1 see *khuṭṭa—1 Add2.
*khuṇṭati see *khuṭati Add2.
3898 *khuṇṭa—
2 ‘corner’. 2. *kuṇṭa—2. [Cf. *khōñca—]
1. Phal. khun ‘corner’; H. khū̃ṭ m. ‘corner, direction’
(→ P. khũṭ f. ‘corner, side’); G. khū̃ṭṛī f. ‘angle’. -
X kōṇa—: G. khuṇ f., khū̆ṇɔ m. ‘corner’.
2. S. kuṇḍa f. ‘corner’; P. kū̃ṭ f. ‘corner, side’ (← H.).
*catuṣkhuṇṭa—; *catuṣkuṇṭa—, *ṣaṭkuṇṭa—.
*khuṇṭati ‘breaks’ see *khuṭati.
3899 *khuṇṭha— ‘defective’. [See list s.v. kuṇṭha—]
P. khuṇḍh m. ‘stump, old man’, khuṇḍhā ‘blunt’; Or.
khuṇṭa, °ṭā ‘withered branch’; OG. khuṁṭa ‘impotent,
eunuch’, G. khũṭṛɔ m. ‘entire bull used for agriculture
but not for breeding’, (Kathiawar) khũṭ m. ‘Brahmani
bull’.
*khuṇṭhahala—.
Addenda: *khuṇṭha—: S.kcch. khūṇḍh ‘slow—witted’; WPah.kṭg.
khv́ṇḍh m. ‘any object broken into pieces, stump’;
khv́ṇḍhṇõ; ‘to break, pinch’ (see also *khuṇṭati s.v.
khuṭati Add2); Garh. khuṇḍu ‘blunted’.
3901 *khuṇḍa— ‘defective’. [See list s.v. kuṇṭha—]
L. khuṇḍā ‘blunt, crooked—horned’; P. khuṇḍī
‘crooked—horned’; N. khũṛo ‘blunt’, H. khuṇḍā.
khúṇḍatē
1 ‘breaks’ see *khuṭati.
khúṇḍatē
2 ‘is lame’ see khōra—1.
khudáti see *khōdd—.
*khuddati ‘asks’ see *khōjja—.
3903 *khubja— ‘humpbacked’. [See kubjá—]
Pa. khujja— ‘humpbacked, small, inferior’; Pk.
khujja—, °jaya—, °jiya— ‘humpbacked, bent’; M. khuj̈ā
‘dwarfish’; Si. kuda ‘humpbacked’ or < kubjá—.
3904 *khubba— ‘hump’. [See *kubba— and list s.v. kubjá—]
M. khubā m. ‘any projection on the body, esp.
shoulderblade and hip’, khubaṛ n. ‘hump on back,
knuckle, joint’.
*khumbha— ‘jar’ see kumbhá—1.
3905 *khumm— ‘bend’.
Pk. khummia— ‘bent’; N. khumle, khomle ‘bent’,
khumre ‘decrepit, old’, khumcinu ‘to be bent’; A. khum
‘bundle made by folding over two ends of cloth’.
3912 *khūha— ‘pit, well’. [kū́pa—1 X khḗya—, khanati X
guhā—1?]
K. khuhu
m. ‘Persian well’, kash. khūhu
‘well’; S.
khūhu m. ‘well’, khuhī f. ‘small well’; L. khūh m. ‘well’,
awāṇ. khū̀; P. khūh, °hā m. ‘well’, WPah. bhal. khūho,
cur. khūhā, paṅ. khūī, khaś. khū̀e obl. — Influenced by
two meanings of kū́pa—1 ‘pit’ and kūpa—2 ‘mast’: S.
khūho m. ‘mast of a boat’, L. khūhā m.
*khūhakhānaka—, *khūhakhānya—.
Addenda: *khūha—: S.kcch. khūvo m. ‘well’. *khēñc— see *khiñc-
Add2.
3918 *khēḍ— ‘play’. 2. *khēḍḍ—. 3. *khiḍḍ—1. 4. *khīl—.
5. *khill—. 6. *khēl—. 7. *khēll—. 8. kēl— or *kēḍ—.
[If krı̄́ḍati, already in RV. (krı̄́ḷati, °ḷā́—, °ḷí— f., °ḷú—), is of
non—Aryan origin (see in last instance A. Master
BSOAS xii 363 and F. B. J. Kuiper Festschr. A.
Debrunner 242: EWA i 279 with earlier lit.), then
these forms may stem from the same source. If
krı̄́ḍati is IE., it has crossed with these, e.g. Pk. kiḍḍaï,
killaï ~ kīḍaï. Sk. kḗlati ‘trembles’ Dhātup., kḗli-
f. ‘amorous play’ Mn., khḗlati ‘shakes’ R., khēlāyáti
‘plays’ Bhaṭṭ., khēli— f. ‘sport’ Gīt. may be connected.
kṣvḗlati ‘jumps, sports’ R., kṣvēli—, °ikā— f. ‘play’ BhP.
ac. to EAW i 296 is sanskritization of khēl—; but,
although there is no form in NIA. with c̣h—, or ch—, Gy.
eur. and arm. kh—, pal. k— (not x— and ḳ— < Sk. kh—) attest
kṣ(v)—. H. helnā ‘to play’, if < *abhikhēl—, separates
khēl— from kṣvēl— or represents a late cmpd. with MIA.
kh— < kṣ(v)—]
1. Pk. khēḍaṇaa— n. ‘toy’, khēḍāvaga— ‘playing’;
WPah. bhad. kheṛtu pres. part. n. ‘playing’; Or. kheṛa
‘sport, gambling’; — Si. keḷanavā ‘to play’ or < 6 or
8 below.
2. Pk. kheḍḍaï ‘plays’, °ḍā— f., °ḍa—, °ḍaya— n. ‘play’;
S. kheḍ̱aṇu, kheḍ̱a f.; L. kheḍaṇ, kheḍ f., awān. caus.
khiḍāvuṇ; P. kheḍṇā, khiḍāuṇā, kheḍ f.; WPah. bhal.
kheḍḍu pp. n. sg. ‘it was played’; G. kheḍɔ m. ‘actor’.
3. Pa. khiḍḍā— f. ‘play’ (M. Grammont MSL xix 276
< krīḍā́—), Pk. khiḍḍa— n.; Si. kiḍuva, kiḍiya ‘sport,
dancing’, kiḍī ‘dancing—girl’; — L. khiṭṭ f. ‘game’.
4. Pk. khīlāvaṇa— n. ‘toy’.
5. Pk. khillaï ‘plays’, °laṇa— n. ‘toy’; H. khillī f. ‘fun’,
°lū ‘playful’.
6. Pk. khēlaï ‘plays’, °laṇa—, °ṇaya— n. ‘playing’; Or.
kheḷibā vb., kheḷa, °ḷā sb.; G. kheḷɔ m. ‘itinerant actor’;
M. kheḷṇẽ vb., kheḷ m.; Ko. kheḷtā. — Altern. < *khēll—:
Gy. arm. eur. khel— ‘to play, dance’, pal. kḗlăr, caus.
kēlauăr; K. khēlun vb., khēla, dat. khĕli f.; N. khelnu
vb., khel sb.; A. khelāiba ‘to amuse’, khel ‘playing’; B.
khelā, caus. khelāna, khel sb.; H. khelnā, caus. khilānā,
khel m.; OMarw. khelaï vb.; — Si. kelinavā vb.,
keliya sb. (but if spellings with ḷ are original, then
< *khēḍ—).
7. Pk. khellaï, °laṇa— n.; S. khela f.; P. khelṇā, °lhnā,
caus. khilāuṇā, khal°; Or. kheli ‘sport’; Mth. khelab,
Bhoj. khēlal, Aw. lakh. khēlab; OAw. khela m.; G.
khelvũ, khel m.
8. Pa. kēḷāyati ‘fondles’, kēḷi— f. ‘play’; Si. keḷinavā
‘to play’, keḷiya ‘play’ if with original ḷ (or < *khēḍ— or
*khēl— above or krı̄́ḍati).
*abhikhēl—; *khiḍḍakara—.
*khēḍḍ— ‘play’ see *khēḍ—.
Addenda: *khēḍ—
1. 6. *khēl—: WPah.kṭg. khéḷɔ ‘gay’; Garh.
kheḷnu ‘to play’, A. kheliba (or < 7).
7. *khēll—: WPah.kṭg. khḗl m. ‘game’, khélṇõ; ‘to
play’; J. khe'l ‘game’.
*khēḍ—
2 ‘plough’ see *khiḍ—1.
3921 *khēdd— ‘drive, pursue’.
P. khedṇā ‘to persecute, expel’; Ku. khedṇo ‘to
pursue’, N. khednu, A. khediba; B. khedāna ‘to chase
away’; Or. khedibā ‘to chase (an animal)’; H. khednā
‘to pursue’; — P. khedā, m. ‘pursuer’; N. khedo
‘pursuit’, A. khedā; B. H. khedā m. ‘elephant stockade’;
G. khedɔ m. ‘pursuit’; — P. khedū m. ‘pursuer’, N.
kheduwā.
Addenda: *khēdd—: WPah.kṭg. khédṇõ; ‘to drive (e.g. cattle)’; J.
khedṇu ‘to drive, hunt’.
*khēl—, *khēll— see *khēḍ—1 Add2.
3924 *kheśśa— ‘a partic. sort of cloth’.
K. kheś m. ‘a kind of silk cloth worn by women as
a girdle’; S. khesu m. ‘thick cotton cloth’; L. khes m.
‘thick cotton shawl with coloured border’; P. khes m.
‘a kind of cloth’, °sī f. ‘small shawl’; N. khes ‘a partic.
kind of cloth made in Bhadgaon’; B. kheś ‘a woollen
wrapper’; H. khes, °sṛā m. ‘a figured cloth’; G. khes m.,
°siyũ n. ‘a cloth loosely worn over the shoulders’; M.
khẽs n.m. ‘a partic. kind of cloth (cotton, wool, or silk)’.
— Gy. germ. keš ‘silk, silk threads’ W.P. Schmid IF lxvi
143.
3925 *khēsārī— ‘lentil’. 2. *kēsārī— [Cf. kr̥sará—]
N. khesā̆ri ‘a kind of lentil’; B. Or. khesāri ‘the pulse
Lathyrus sativus’; Bi. khĕsārī, jo—khesarā ‘mixed crop
of barley and peas’; Mth. khesārī ‘a kind of grain’ (°sāṛī
hyper—Hindiism?); H. khesārī, khis° f. ‘Lathyrus
sativus’.
2. H. kisārī f. ‘L. sativus’.
*khaiñc— ‘pull’ see *khiñc—.
3926 *khōkkh— ‘bark, cough’.
Pk. khokkhaï ‘barks (of a monkey)’, khokkhā— f.
‘monkey's bark’; N. khoknu ‘to cough’, khoki sb., B.
khukā, H. khõ;khnā, khõ;khī f., G. khokhlɔ m., M. khokṇẽ.
Addenda: *khōkkh— [Cf. *khuṅk— in Add2]
3927 *khōkkha— ‘hollow’.
S. khokho m. ‘anything withered and dried up’; Or.
khokho ‘sound of hollow things when struck’; H.
khokhā, °kā ‘hollow, decayed’; G. khokh ‘dry and
hollow’, khokhũ n. ‘outer dry crust after inside is
removed’; M. khok, khõ;k f. ‘hole, bruise’; — Ext. with
—r—: K. khŏkhoru
, khūkh° ‘hollow’, P. khokhrā, N.
khokro, H. khokrā; OMarw. khokharo m. ‘cavity’; -
with —l—: P. khokhlā ‘hollow’; N. khoklo, khukulo ‘loose,
slack’; H. khokhal, °khlā ‘hollow, decayed’; — with —ḍ—:
H. khokaṛ; — M. khokhas n. ‘hollow grains’.
Addenda: *khōkkha—: S.kcch. khokho ‘old’.
3928 *khōṅga— ‘basket’.
N. khõ;go, khuṅo ‘fish—trap of basketwork’; B. Or.
khuṅgi ‘small bamboo wickerwork basket’.
*khōcc— ‘pierce, tear’ see *khucc—.
khṓjati see *khōjja—.
3929 *khōjja— ‘mark, footprint’. 2. *khōjjati ‘tracks, seeks’.
3. *khuddati [Conn. with khṓjati ‘steals’ Dhātup. is
doubtful]
1. Pk. khojja— m.n. ‘footmark’; L. khojī m. ‘tracker’;
P. khoj m. ‘footprint’, khojjī m. ‘tracker of lost cattle’;
N. khoj ‘clue’; A. khoj ‘footprint’; B. khoj, khõ;j ‘trace’;
Or. khoja ‘footmark, trace’; G. khoj m.f. ‘search’.
2. Paš. lauṛ. xōǰ—, weg. kūeǰ— xūǰ—, gul. ‘to ask’ (→ Par. khuǰ-
IIFL i 264); Kal. rumb. khoǰim ‘I seek’; Bshk. khoǰ— ‘to
ask’, Tor. kuǰ— (kh—?), Phal. khōǰ—, Sh. gil. khoǰóĭki̯, gur.
khožyōnu̯; P. khojnā ‘to seek’ (→ S. khojaṇu), Ku.
khojṇo, N. khojnu; A. khojiba, ‘to beg, ask for’; B. khojā,
khõ;jā, khũjā ‘to search for’, Or. khojibā, Mth. khōjab,
OAw. khojaï; H. khojnā ‘to seek, enquire’; G. khojvũ
‘to search for’.
3. Kt. kudå— ‘to ask’, Ash. kudā́—, Wg. kud—, Paš.
kuṛ. xud—, Gaw. khud—. — Cf. N. khodalnu ‘to search
for’ s.v. *khōdd—.
*khōñc— ‘tear, pierce’ see *khucc-
Addenda: *khōjja— [Ac. AFD 220 Pk. khojja— ‘footprint’ <
kṣōdya— ‘to be trampled on’ R.]
1. WPah.poet. khōj̈ m. ‘footprint, trace’, J. khō'j.
2. WPah.poet. khoj̈ṇo ‘to search, trace, enquire’.
3930 *khōñcā— ‘curve, bend’. [< *skuc— beside √kuc?]
P. khū̃j f., °jā m. ‘corner’, N. khõ;j, khõ;c, khū̃j ‘glen,
ravine, depression between two hills’; H. khū̃c f.
‘tendon Achilles’; G. khɔ̃c f. ‘corner’. — See *khuccā—,
*kuñca—1.
khōṭa— see khōra—1.
*khōṭayati ‘breaks’ see *khuṭati.
3931 *khōṭi— ‘blemish’. 2. *khōṭṭa—. [Cf. *khuṭṭa—4 and
kūṭa—2]
1. Pk. khōḍi— f. ‘fault’; Tor. khōr ‘ashes’ (Morgen-
stierne AO viii 304 compares Sh. khā́ro < *skāra—, but
see 2 below); OAw. khorī ‘fault’; H. khorī f. ‘wicked-
ness’; OG. khoḍi f., G. khoṛ f. ‘vice, fault’, M. khoḍ f.
2. Bshk. khoṭ ‘embers’, Phal. khūṭo ‘ashes, burning
coal’; Sh. khoṭŭ ‘false’, (Lor.) khōṭ ‘fault’; K. khọ̆ṭu
‘base, impure’; S. khoṭu m. ‘deceit’, °ṭo ‘deceitful’;
L. khoṭ f. ‘alloy, impurity’, °ṭā ‘alloyed’, awāṇ. khoṭā
‘forged’; P. khoṭ m. ‘base, alloy’ (PhonPj 117 <
kauṭya—), f. ‘vice, blemish’, khoṭṭā ‘vicious, impure’;
Ku. N. khoṭ ‘fault’; H. khoṭ m.f. ‘deceit’, °ṭā ‘false, base’;
Marw. khoṭo ‘bad’; OG. khoṭaüṁ ‘untrue’, G. khoṭ f.
‘mistake, loss, want’, °ṭī f. ‘waste of time’, °ṭũ ‘alloyed,
bad, lazy’; M. khoṭ f. ‘falsehood, loss in trade’, °ṭā ‘false,
alloyed’, °ṭī ‘delayed’.
*niṣkhōṭa—; *niṣkhōṭṭa—.
*khōṭṭa— ‘blemish’ see prec.
*khōḍa— ‘cavity’ see *khōla—2.
*khōḍḍ— ‘dig’ see *khōdd—.
*khōṇḍa— ‘lame’ see khōra—1.
Addenda: *khōṭṭa—: WPah.kṭg. khōṭ m. ‘fault’, khoṭɔ ‘false’; J.
khoṭā ‘wicked’; Md. kuř ‘error’.
*khōḍa— ‘cavity’ see *khōla—2 Add2.
*khōḍḍ— ‘dig’ see *khōdd— Add2.
*khōtr— ‘dig’ see *kōtr— Add2.
3932 *khōtta— ‘donkey’. [Poss. ← same source as ghōṭa—]
P. bhaṭ. khotā, WPah. bhad. khautau, paṅ. cur.
khōtā.
*khōttarūpa—.
3934 *khōdd— ‘dig’. 2. *khōḍḍ—. 3. *kōḍḍ—. 4. *gōdd—.
5. *gōḍḍ—. 6. *guḍḍ—. [Poss. conn. with khudáti
‘thrusts (penis) into’ RV., prákhudati ‘futuit’ AV.; cf.
also *khōtr—, *kōtr—]
1. P. khodṇā ‘to dig, carve’, khudṇā ‘to be dug’; Ku.
khodṇo ‘to dig, carve’, N. khodnu, B. khodā, khudā, Or.
khodibā, khud°; Bi. mag. khudnī ‘a kind of spade’; H.
khodnā ‘to dig, carve, search’, khudnā ‘to be dug’;
Marw. khodṇo ‘to dig’; G. khodvũ ‘to dig, carve’, M.
khodṇẽ (also X khānayati q.v.). — N. khodalnu ‘to
search for’ cf. *khuddati s.v. *khōjja—?
2. B. khõ;ṛā ‘to dig’ or < *khōṭayati s.v. *khuṭati.
3. B. koṛā, kõ;ṛā ‘to dig, pierce’, Or. koṛibā ‘to cut
clods of earth with a spade, beat’; Mth. koṛab ‘to dig’,
H. koṛnā.
4. K. godu
m. ‘hole’, g° karun ‘to pierce’; N. godnu ‘to
pierce’; H. godnā ‘to pierce, hoe’, gudnā ‘to be pierced’;
G. godɔ m. ‘a push’; M. godṇẽ ‘to tattoo’.
5. L. goḍaṇ ‘to hoe’, P. goḍṇā, goḍḍī f. ‘hoeings’; N.
goṛnu ‘to hoe, weed’; H. goṛnā ‘to hoe up, scrape’,
goṛhnā (X kāṛhnā?); G. goḍvũ ‘to loosen earth round roots
of a plant’.
6. S. guḍ̱aṇu ‘to pound, thrash’; P. guḍḍṇā ‘to beat,
pelt, hoe, weed’.
Addenda: *khōdd—. 1. S.kcch. khodhṇū ‘to dig’, WPah.kṭg.
(Wkc.) khódṇõ;, J. khodṇu.
2. *khōḍḍ—: WPah.kc. khoḍṇo ‘to dig’; — kṭg.
khoṛnõ; id. see *khuṭati Add2.
3936 *khōppa—
1 ‘coconut shell’. 2. *khōppaḍa—.
3. *khōppara—. 4. *khōbbara—. [Cf. *kōppara—]
1. S. khopo m. ‘shell of coconut or egg’; L. khopā m.
‘leather blinders on a bullock's eyes’; P. khoppā, khopā
m. ‘coconut kernel’; Or. (Sambhalpur) khupuli ‘hard
shell of coconut’; H. khopā m. ‘coconut kernel’.
2. Ku. khopṛī ‘skull’, N. khopri; H. khopṛī f. ‘skull,
shell’.
3. K. khūpara ‘coconut shell, chestnut’; P. khopar
m., °prī f. ‘skull’, khoprā m. ‘concave eyepieces over an
animal's eyes when driving a mill’; H. khoprā m.
‘coconut kernel’, G. khoprẽ n.; G. M. khoprī f. ‘skull’.
4. M. khobrẽ n. ‘coconut kernel’.
Addenda: *khōppa—: WPah.poet. khobo m. ‘scratch, hole’; A.
khob ‘hole, cave’.
3937 *khōppa—
2 ‘hole’. [Cf. *khappa—2]
Phal. khop ‘rung of a ladder’ (orig. ‘notch in a plank
or trunk used as a ladder’ and, despite NOPhal 40,
separate fr. A. khāp ‘layer’ s.v. *khappa—1); N. khop
‘ravine’, °po ‘hole in a wall’, °pi ‘little hole’, °pilṭo; A.
khob ‘hole, cave’, khupiyā ‘notch to place the foot on’;
Or. khopa ‘pigeonhole’; H. khop f. ‘hole, cave’; M. khop
f. ‘dint’, °pā m. ‘hollow in a tree’; — Si. kopuva ‘sheath,
scabbard’ (but see *khappa—1); — Ku. khopṇo ‘to make a
hole’; N. khopnu ‘to pierce’; A. khopani ‘pressing the
toes in to prevent slipping’ (but see *skupyatē).
3938 *khōppa—
3 ‘hut’. 2. *khōmpa—. [Prob. ← Drav.
DED no. 1441]
1. M. khop, °pī f. ‘cottage, hut’. — Ext. with —ḍ—: K.
khŏpürü
f. ‘ruined thatched mud hut’; Ku. khopṛo
‘hovel’; N. khopro ‘slave's house’; A. khupari ‘small
dark room’; Mth. khopaṛī ‘hut’, M. khopḍī f.; — with
—ṭṭ—: G. khopṭũ n. ‘cottage, hut’, M. khopaṭ n., °pṭī f.
2. Bi. khõ;p, °pī ‘house for storing chaff’; Mth. khõ;p
‘hut, nest’; Bhoj. khõ;p ‘cover of a granary’; M. khõ;p f.
‘hut’. — Ext. with —ḍ—: Bi. khõ;pṛī ‘shed on threshing
floor’.
3939 *khōppa—
4 ‘bunch of hair’. [← Drav. DED no. 1755]
N. khop ‘bunch of woman's hair tied unplaited at
back of head’; A. khopā ‘hair—knot’, B. khõ;pā, Or.
khopā, H. khopā m., H. M. khõ;pā m.
*khōppaḍa— ‘coconut shell’ see *khōppa—1.
*khōppara— ‘coconut shell’ see *khōppa—1.
*khōbbara— ‘coconut shell’ see *khōppa—1.
3943 *khōla—
2 ‘cavity, hollow’. 2. *khōlla—2. 3. *khōḍa—.
4. *khōra—2. [Cf. Par. khur ‘cave’ IIFL i 265]
1. Paš. gul. khōl ‘ravine’; P. khol f. ‘cavity, hollow’;
WPah. cur. khoḷ ‘stream’; N. kholo ‘small river, valley’;
Bi. khol, °li ‘trough in which the share lies when fixed in
body of plough’; H. khol, °laṛ m. ‘cavity, cave’; — A.
kholiba ‘to hollow out’, kholni ‘mortice’; Or. khoḷibā ‘to
dig’. — X kōṭará— q.v.
2. Pk. kholla— n. ‘hollow’; L. kholā ‘hollow’; Or.
khola ‘cave’; G. khol f. ‘hollowness’; M. khol ‘deep’.
3. Kho. (Lor.) khōḷ ‘cave, hollow under rock’; P.
khoṛ f. ‘cavity, hollow’; — A. khor ‘cavity, hole’ or
< *khōra—2.
4. Gy. arm. xor ‘deep, hollow, depth’, eur. xor ‘deep,
depth’, wel. xorō ‘deep’; Sh. (Lor.) kōr ‘cave’; L. khorī
‘enclosure’; P. khorā ‘empty’; N. khor ‘enclosure, trap’,
°ro ‘crack in skin of foot’, °ri ‘small pocket of leaves’;
A. khor ‘cave’ (or < *khōḍa—); B. khor ‘sore in foot—and-
mouth disease’; H. khor m. ‘cave’, f. ‘cavity’, °rā m.
‘pit, cave’; M. khor m. ‘glen’.
khōla—
3 ‘lame’ see khōra—1.
Addenda: *khōla—
2. 3. khōḍa—: WPah.kṭg. khv́ṛ m. ‘lowest storey
of house where cattle are kept (often dug into the
hillside)’ (but cf. P. kuṛ, kgr. kuṛh f. ‘enclosure for
cattle’ Him.I 35); — perh. also khv́ṛ ‘dung, manure’.
3945 *khōll— ‘to open’. 2. *khull— ‘to be open’.
1. Gy. pal. kṓlăr ‘loosens’, eur. wel. xulav— ‘to comb
out (hair), part, divide’; K. khōlun ‘to open’, S. kholaṇu,
L. awāṇ. khōluṇ; P. kholhṇā ‘to open, loose’; WPah.
rudh. kholl— ‘to open’; Ku. gng. khoe ‘releases’; N.
kholnu ‘to open’, B. kholā, khulā, Or. kholibā, Mth. Aw.
lakh. khōlab, H. kholnā, Marw. kholṇo, G. kholvũ; M.
kholṇẽ ‘to deepen (a well)’.
2. S. khulaṇu intr. ‘to open’, L. awāṇ. khullaṇ ‘to be
open’, P. khullhṇā, WPah. cam. khulhṇā, Ku. khulṇo,
N. khulnu, B. khulā, H. khulnā, G. khulvũ, M. khulṇẽ;
— OMarw. khulo adj. ‘open’.
*utkhōll—, *niṣkhōll—.
Addenda: *khōll—. 1. S.kcch. kholṇū ‘to open’; WPah.kṭg. (kc.)
khólṇõ;.
2. *khull—: WPah.kṭg. khúlṇõ; ‘to be opened’, khullɔ
‘spacious, wide’; J. khulā ‘loosened’.
3946 *khōlla—
1 ‘hut’.
Pk. khulla— n. ‘hut’; G. M. kholī f. ‘inner room’.
*khōlla—
2 ‘cavity’ see *khōla—2.
3947 *khōva— ‘inspissated milk’.
P. khoā m., ‘milk boiled till thick’, N. khowā, khāwā,
B. khoyā, Or. khuā, H. khoā m., M. khovā, khavā m.
3948 *khōsa— ‘husk’.
Sh. (Lor.) khōh ‘what is removed after pounding rice
or maize’; B. Or. H. khosā m. ‘husk’; — N. khosṭo ‘husk
(of maize &c.), eggshell’, khoselo ‘husk (of maize &c.)’,
khoselnu ‘to peel, rummage’. — Si. koha ‘fibre of coco-
nut husk’ rather < kōśá—.
KHYĀ ‘make known’: abhíkhyati, ā́khyati, ākhyā—,
ākhyāta—, *ākhyātra—, ākhyā́na—, *ācikhyati, upā-
khyāna—, prakhyāna—, *viyā́khyāti, vyākhyāna—, saṁ-
khyā—, sáṁkhyāti, samākhyāti.
3949 *gakṣa— ‘tree’, gaccha— m. lex.
Pa. gaccha— m. ‘bush’; Sh. gac̣hí f. ‘twig’; N. gāch
‘tree, shrub’; A. gās ‘tree’; B. gāch ‘tree, plant’, °chā
‘lampstand’, gāchāna ‘to grow’; Or. gacha ‘tree’; Bi.
gāch ‘beanstalk’, gāchi ‘first sprout of peas’, °chī ‘grove’;
Mth. gāch, gachiā ‘tree’, gāchī ‘mango grove’; Bhoj.
gā̃ch ‘tree’; H. gāch m. ‘tree’, °chī f. ‘grove’; Si. gasa,
gaha ‘tree’; — A. gā̆s ‘numerative used with long or
slender things’, B. gāch.
Addenda: *gakṣa— ‘tree’. [Cf. vr̥kṣá— with same final]
A. also gâchā (phonet. —s—) ‘lampstand’ AFD 217.
3951 *gaṅgarīti ‘calls loudly’. [Poss. intens. of √gr̥̄
3, but
prob. onom. like *gargarāyati]
G. gā̃garvũ ‘to bellow like a bull’; M. gā̃garṇẽ ‘to be
frightened’, gā̃garḍā m. ‘outcry, brawl’.
3954 *gacca— ‘mud’. [Perh. onom., cf. Drav. words s.v.
*gicc— and Pahlavi gač, Pers. geč ‘mud’.]
S. gacu m. ‘mortar, plaster’ (g!), gaci ‘plastered with
mortar’; P. gacc m. ‘mud, mortar, cement’; H. gac m.
‘noise made in walking through mud’; M. gaċṇẽ ‘to
sink into mud’.
gaccha— see *gakṣa—.
3959 *gajja— ‘foam’. 2. *gañja—4.
1. S. gajī f. ‘foam, scum’, Ku. N. Bhoj. gāj; H. gāj f.
‘froth, scum’, gajānā ‘to cause to ferment’.
2. B. gā̃jā ‘frothing’, gā̃jlā ‘froth, beestings’, gā̃jā ‘to
foam’.
3960 *gañj— ‘press, ram’. 2. *gajj—. 3. *gadd—. [Cf.
gañja—1 m. ‘disrespect’ lex. and gandhayatē]
1. Pk. gaṁjaï ‘oppresses, rebukes’, gaṁjia— ‘hurt’,
gaṁjaṇa— n. ‘disrespect’; N. gā̃jnu ‘to ravish, rape (a
woman)’; A. gā̃ziba ‘to thrust, cram’; Or. gā̃jibā ‘to
ram, thrash’, gañjibā ‘to oppress, abuse’, gañjaṇā
‘abuse’; H. gā̃jnā ‘to churn’, gãjnā ‘to treat with con-
tempt’; G. gā̃jvũ ‘to agitate, overpower, deceive’; M.
gā̃j̈ṇẽ ‘to torment’.
2. Or. gājibā ‘to ram, thrash, fall in torrents (of rain)’.
3. Pk. gaddia— ‘proud’ (?); B. gādā ‘to ram, cram’; H.
gādnā ‘to press down, cram’.
gañja—
1 ‘disrespect’ see *gañj—.
Addenda: *gañj—. 1. WPah.kṭg. ganj̈ɔ ‘bald—headed’, P. gañjā.
3962 *gañja—
3 ‘heap’. [Perh. same as gañja—2]
P. gañj m. ‘heap’; N. gā̃j ‘close growth of plants’;
Bhoj. gā̃j ‘heap’. — With Pk. gaṁja— m. ‘cheek’ cf.
gaṇḍá—1 and gaṇḍa—2.
*gañja—
4 ‘foam’ see *gajja—.
3965 *gaṭṭa— ‘piece’. 2. *giṭṭa—.
1. S. ǥaṭu m. ‘piece of stick in a dog's collar’, ǥaṭo m.
‘piece of wall, piece of canal left undug’, ǥaṭī f. ‘piece of
elephant's tusk &c.’; P. gaṭṭ m. ‘cluster, stopper’, gaṭṭā m.
‘stopper’ (→ H. gaṭṭā m.); H. gāṭā m. ‘piece of land’.
2. S. ǥiṭī f. ‘small bit of food’.
*GAṬH ‘mould, form’. [By metath. < √ghaṭ?]
*gaṭhati, *gāṭhayati.
Addenda: *gaṭṭa—: WPah.kṭg. gɔṭṭɔ m. ‘small stone, pebble’, J.
gaṭi f.
3966 *gaṭhati ‘makes, forms’. [√*gaṭh]
Pk. gaḍhaï ‘forms’; L. gaṛhāvaṇ ‘to bring buffalo-
cow to bull’; P. gaṛhṇā ‘to copulate with (of bull or
buffalo)’; A. gariba ‘to mould, form’; B. gaṛā ‘to
hammer into shape, form’; Or. gaṛhibā ‘to mould,
build’, gaṛhaṇa ‘building’; Mth. gaṛhāī ‘wages for
making gold or silver ornaments’; OAw. gaḍhāi
‘makes’; H. gaṛhnā ‘to form by hammering’, G.
gaḍhvũ. — Altern. < gháṭatē: Wg. gaṛawun ‘to form,
produce’; K. garun, vill. gaḍun ‘to hammer into shape,
forge, put together’.
GAḌ ‘drip’. [Poss. ← Drav. Master BSOAS xii 347;
but perh. < *gr̥d— in *grilla— (if < *gr̥d—la—) or *gr̥ta—:
√*gr̥̄
1. See also √gal
1 and *giḍḍ—]
*gaḍa—3, gáḍati, gaḍita—, *gāḍa—1, *gāḍayati;
*nirgaḍa—, *nirgaḍati, *nirgāḍayati, *vigaḍati.
3968 *gaḍa—
2 ‘cultivated field’. 2. *gāḍa—2. [Prob. same as
*gaḍa—1, i.e. ‘something dug’]
1. Ku. gaṛo ‘field’; N. garo ‘terraced field’.
2. Dm. gāŕa ‘cultivated field’; Kho. (Lor.) gāḷu
‘small field’.
Addenda: *gaḍa—2: WPah.kc. gɔ̄ṛ m. ‘farmyard, earth, ground’.
3969 *gaḍa—
3 ‘dropping’. [√gaḍ]
Pa. gaḷa— m. ‘a drop’, gaḷāgalaṁ gacchati ‘goes from
fall to fall’; S. ǥaṛo m. ‘hail’, L. (Ju.) ǥaṛā m., P.
gaṛā m. (cf. galā < gala—1); — Pk. gaḍa— n. ‘large
stone’?
3971 *gaḍa—
5 ‘hook’.
Pa. gaḷa— m. ‘hook, fish—hook’; Pk. gala— m. ‘hook’;
N. gal ‘lever’; H. gal m. ‘hook, drag hook’; G. gaḷ m.
‘hook’; M. gaḷ m. ‘hook, drag hook, hangman's hook’.
*gaḍa—
6 ‘neck’ see gala—2.
3972 *gaḍagaḍa— ‘noise’. [Onom.: cf. *ghaḍaghaḍa—]
Pa. gaḷagaḷāyati ‘crashes, thunders’; Pk. gaḍayaḍa—,
°ḍī— f. ‘sound of thunder’, gaḍayaḍaṁta— ‘making a
dreadful noise’; M. gaḍāḍ m. ‘rumble’, gaḍāḍṇẽ ‘to
rumble’, gaḍgaḍṇẽ.
3974 *gaḍa—baḍa— ‘confused’. 2. *gaḍḍa—baḍḍa—. [Cf.
*gaḍḍ—2]
1. Pk. gaḍavaḍa— n. ‘confusion’, S. gaṛḇaṛi f.; P. gaṛhbaṛ
f. ‘sound of boiling water’, gaṛhbaṛāhaṭ f. ‘confusion’;
Ku. gaṛbaṛūṇo ‘to confuse’; N. gaṛbaṛ ‘confusion’, B.
gaṛbaṛ, °ṛi; Or. gaṛabaṛi ‘uproar’; H. gaṛbaṛ ‘confused’,
m. ‘confusion, disorder’, °ṛā m., °ṛī, °ṛāhaṭ f., G.
gaṛbaṛ f., M. gaḍbaḍ f., gaḍbaḍṇẽ ‘to be confused’.
2. P. gaḍḍvaḍḍ m. ‘confusion’.
3979 *gaḍḍ—
1 ‘dig, bury’. [Cf. list s.v. kartá—1]
L. gaḍḍaṇ ‘to sow’; P. gaḍḍṇā ‘to sow, plant, fix’; N.
gāṛnu ‘to bury, stab’; A. gāriba, gā̃r° ‘to thrust, fix in’;
B. gāṛā ‘to plant, bury’; Or. gāṛibā ‘to bury in a hole’;
Mth. gāṛab ‘to bury’, Bhoj. gāṛal; H. gāṛnā ‘to bury,
drive in’, OMarw. gāṛaï, G. gāḍvũ, M. gāḍṇē̃. — Caus.
Gy. eur. garav— ‘to hide’, P. gaḍāuṇā ‘to bury, drive in’;
— intr. N. gaṛnu ‘to be buried’, Mth. gaṛab, G. gaḍvũ.
3980 *gaḍḍ—
2 ‘mix’. [Cf. gadhyati ‘is mixed’ Nir., and
Kan. gaḍanisu ‘to join’]
Paš. gaḍ ‘mixed with, immersed in’ IIFL iii 3, 67;
S. gaḍ̱aṇu ‘to meet, join, mix’, gaḍ̱u ‘jointly’; L. (Ju.)
gaḍ̱ḍ̱aṇ ‘to mix (of fluids)’; P. gaḍḍ ‘promiscuous’; H.
gāṛnā ‘to unite’, gāṛā ‘kneaded or mixed mud’ (or
< *gāḍa—2). — Poss. Wg. gaṭ ‘immersed’ but see
gāḍha—.
3981 *gaḍḍa—
1 ‘hole, pit’. [G. < *garda—? — Cf. *gaḍḍ—1
and list s.v. kartá—1]
Pk. gaḍḍa— m. ‘hole’; WPah. bhal. cur. gaḍḍ f., paṅ.
gaḍḍṛī, pāḍ. gaḍōṛ ‘river, stream’; N. gaṛ—tir ‘bank of a
river’; A. gārā ‘deep hole’; B. gāṛ, °ṛā ‘hollow, pit’; Or.
gāṛa ‘hole, cave’, gāṛiā ‘pond’; Mth. gāṛi ‘piercing’;
H. gāṛā m. ‘hole’; G. garāḍ, °ḍɔ m. ‘pit, ditch’
(< *graḍḍa— < *garda—?); Si. gaḍaya ‘ditch’. — Cf. S.
giḍ̱i f. ‘hole in the ground for fire during Muharram’.
— X khānī̆—: K. gān m. ‘underground room’; S. (LM
323) gāṇ f. ‘mine, hole for keeping water’; L. gāṇ m.
‘small embanked field within a field to keep water in’;
G. gāṇ f. ‘mine, cellar’; M. gāṇ f. ‘cavity containing water
on a raised piece of land’ (LM 323 < gáhana—).
*pragaḍḍa—; *gharagaḍḍa—.
Addenda: *gaḍḍa—1: WPah.kṭg. gāṛ ‘hole (e.g. after a knot in
wood)’.
3982 *gaḍḍa—
2 ‘bundle, sheaf’. 2. *giḍḍa—.
1. S. gaḏo m. ‘bundle of grass &c.’, °ḍ̱ī f. ‘small do.’;
L. gaḍḍā m. ‘armful of straw’, °ḍī f. ‘sheaf’; P. gaḍḍā m.
‘handful of sticks’, °ḍī f. ‘load of rice in straw’, WPah.
bhal. gaḍḍi f.
2. Bshk. giḍ ‘straw’.
*gaḍḍa—
3 ‘boil, swelling’ see gaṇḍá—1.
3983 *gaḍḍa—
4 ‘sheep’. 2. gaḍḍara—,
°ḍala— m. Apte. [Cf.
gaḍḍārikā— f. ‘ewe in front of a flock’ lex., gaḍḍālikā-
f. ‘sheep’ → Psht. gaḍūrai ‘lamb’ NTS ii 256]
1. Ash. gaḍewä m. ‘sheep’, °wī f.; Wg. gáḍawā, goḍṓ
‘ram’, guḍsok ‘lamb’; Paš. giḍı̄́ f. ‘sheep’; L. gaḍ m.
‘wild sheep’.
2. Pk. gaḍḍarī— f. ‘goat, ewe’, °riyā— f. ‘ewe’; Woṭ.
gaḍūre ‘lamb’; B. gāṛal, °ṛar ‘the long—legged sheep’;
Or. gāraṛa, gaṛera, °ṛarā ‘ram’, gāraṛi ‘ewe’, garaṛa
‘sheep’; H. gāḍar f. ‘ewe’; G. gāḍar, °ḍrũ n. ‘sheep’.
— Deriv. B. gāṛle ‘shepherd’, H. gaḍariyā m.
*gaḍḍa—baḍḍa— ‘confused’ see *gaḍa—baḍa—.
gaḍḍara— ‘sheep’ see *gaḍḍa—4.
gaḍḍārikā— see *gaḍḍa—4.
Addenda: *gaḍḍa—
4. 2. gaḍḍara—: S.kcch. gāḍar m. ‘sheep’.
gaḍḍara— see *gaḍḍa—4 Add2.
3985 *gaḍḍhati ‘pulls’. [See *kaḍḍhati: √*kaḍḍh]
Bshk. gaḍh imper. ‘pull!’; Phal. gaḍ— ‘to take or
pull out’.
Addenda: *gaḍḍhati: WPah.kṭg. (kc.) gáṛhnõ;, gaṛnõ; ‘to take
out, pull out’.
3986 *
gaḍha— ‘fort’. [Poss. with ODBL 500 < *
gr̥dha-
(>
gr̥há—), Av.
gƏrƏ
d
a—]
Pk.
gaḍha— m.,
°ḍhā— f. ‘fort’; K.
gaḍ m. (= vill.
*
gaṛ?) ‘small masonry fort built in the hills by a local
chieftain’; S.
ǥaṛhu m. ‘fort’, P.
gaṛh m., Ku.
gaṛ, A.
gar, B.
gaṛ, Or.
gaṛ(
h)
a, Mth. Bhoj.
gaṛh, OAw.
gaḍha
m., H.
gaṛhī f. (→ N.
gaṛi), OMarw. OG.
gaḍha m., G.
gaḍh,
ghaṛ m. (whence
gaḍhī m. ‘inhabitant of a hill
fort’), M.
gaḍhī,
gaḍḍī f.
*
gaḍhapati—; saṁgaḍha—.
Addenda: *
gaḍha—: S.kcch.
gaḍḍh m. ‘fort’.
4002 *gaṇḍamba— ‘a partic. kind of tree’.
Pa. gaṇḍamba— m.; Si. gäḍam̆bu, °ḍum̆ba ‘the tree
Trema orientalis’.
4011 *gadda—
1 ‘sediment, mud’. [Perh. < *garda—, cf. Pk.
geḍḍa— n. ‘mud’ J. Bloch LM 321 < *gr̥d—, *gard— in
Pers. gil ‘dirt’. But see list s.v. karda—]
B. gād ‘dregs, lees, scum’; Or. gāda ‘sediment, dregs’;
Bi. gād ‘low—lying land’; Mth. gādi ‘sediment of foul
water’; H. gād f. ‘sediment, dregs’ (→ P. gād m.); M.
gādā m. ‘muck, sludge’. — Ext. with —l—: M. gadaḷ n.
‘dirt’; — with —ll—: H. gadlā ‘turbid, dirty’; G. gadlũ
‘dirty, dusty’. — Deriv. M. gādṇẽ ‘to become turbid’.
4012 *gadda—
2 ‘spotted, mottled’. 2. *gaddara—.
1. H. gādā m. ‘unripe grain parched in the ear’.
2. L. gadra ‘flea—bitten grey (of cattle)’, (Ju.) gadar
‘leucoderm, leprosy, inferior quality of rice’, gadrā
‘piebald, spotted, leprous’; P. gaddar, °rā ‘half—ripe’;
H. gādar ‘unripe (of grain or fruit)’.
*gaddara— ‘mottled’ see prec.
gadhā— see *gaḍḍa—.
4013 *ganagana— ‘murmur’. 2. *gunaguna—.
1. N. gangan ‘murmur’, ganganāunu ‘to grumble’;
Or. gaṇagaṇa ‘murmur’, G. gaṇgaṇ n., gaṇgaṇvũ vb.,
M. gaṇgaṇṇẽ.
2. H. gungun f., gungunānā vb.
*gandu— ‘ball’ see gēnduka—.
GANDH ‘hurt’: gandháyatē.
Addenda: *ganagana—. 2. *gunaguna—: S.kcch. gūṇgūṇ keṇī ‘to
hum, whisper’, Ko. guṇguṇtā ‘murmurs’.
4022 *gappa— ‘talk’. [Onom. cf. jálpati?]
K. gaph, dat. °pas m. ‘joke’; P. gapp f. ‘tittle—tattle’,
gappī m. ‘boaster’; Ku. gaph ‘absurd news’; N. gaph
‘tittle—tattle’, gapphar ‘boaster’; A. gap ‘boast’; B. gappa
‘tittle—tattle’, Or. gapa, H. G. M. gap f.
Addenda: *gappa—: WPah.kṭg. gɔp f. (obl. —a) ‘gossip’, J. gap f.
*gabhīna— see gabhīrá— Add2.
4023 *gabba— ‘filling of a hole’. 2. *gampa—.
1. N. gāb, gāp ‘rubble for filling in a wall, strong
foundation stone of a wall’; G. gābṛī f. ‘filling of a hole’;
M. gābḍẽ n. ‘patch for a hole’.
2. S. gamba f. ‘mud building’ (g!).
*gabhara— ‘deep’ see gabhīrá—.
*gabhīna— ‘deep’ see next.
4039 *garu—
1 ‘skin disease’. [Cf. gará—3 m. ‘a partic. disease’
Suśr. and words for ‘itch’ ending in —ū̆ s.v. kharju—1]
Gy. gr. ger, gel m. ‘itch’, boh. ger f.; S. garu (g!) f.
‘mange’, garo ‘mangy’, m. ‘iron—grey horse’; H. gar f.
‘itch in throat and breast of a horse, farcy’; M. gar f.
‘id., scurf on hair of horse or man’. — Ext. —lla—: Gy.
eur. geralo, gelalo ‘affected by itch or scab’; B. garal
‘eczema’.
4040 *garu—
2 ‘pulp, pith’.
S. ǥaru f. ‘pulp, pith, marrow’, G. M. gar m.; M.
garā m. ‘lump of the pulp of jackfruit’.
Addenda: *garu—2: P. garī f. ‘kernel of coconut’, WPah.kṭg.
gɔri
, Wkc. gire f. ‘coconut, kernel of coconut’, J. garī
f., H. garī f.
4053 *garda—
2 ‘seat’. [Cf. gárta—2 m. ‘high seat, chariot
seat’ RV., ‘chariot’ Gaut. EWA i 327 of IE. origin, but
prob. with T. Burrow BSOAS xii 377 ← Drav.: Kan.
garduge, gaddigĕ ‘throne, seat’, Tel. gadde. — Poss.
same as *gāḍḍa—]
K. gȧḍi
f. ‘the royal court where the king transacts
business’; S. gaḍ̱o m. ‘bundle of grass’, °ḍ̱ī f. ‘small do.’,
gādī f. ‘soft pad, cushion’ (← H. or G.); P. gaddī,
gaḍḍī ‘cushion, pad, seat’ (→ H. gaddā m. ‘quilted
mattress’, gaddī f. ‘cushion, royal cushion’); N. gādi
‘seat, throne’; A. gādī ‘seat of honour, wadded pad on
elephant's back’; B. gādi ‘pile, stack, elevated place’;
Or. gādi ‘heap, mound, seat, throne’; H. gādī f. ‘thin
mattress, cushion’; G. gādī f. ‘pad, raised seat’; M.
gādī f. ‘pad, cushion, throne’, gadelā m. ‘large stuffed
seat’.
Addenda: *garda—2: S.kcch. gādhī f. ‘soft pad, throne’.
4085 *galī— ‘defile, lane’. 2. *gallī—. 3. *gālī—. [Cf.
*gaḍa—1 and list s.v. kartá—1]
1. Paš. galı̄́ ‘mountain pass’; P. galī f. ‘hole, narrow
street’, °lā m. ‘passage through a hedge’; B. gali
‘narrow lane’; Or. gaḷi ‘alley’, gaḷiā ‘hole in a wall,
rivulet’; Mth. galī ‘lane’; H. galī f. ‘lane, mountain
pass’.
2. S. ǥalī f. ‘lane’ (< *galliā → G. galī f., M. H. gallī
f., N. galli); G. gālī f. ‘valley’.
3. K. gölü
m. ‘cave, robbers' lair’.
galaugha— m. ‘tumour in throat’ Suśr. [gala—, aughá—?]
See *galaughika—.
Addenda: gali—: X kulyā́— Add2.
4111 *gāṭṭa—
1 ‘neck, throat’. [Cf. ghāṭā—1: see list s.v.
kaṇṭhá—]
S. ǥāṭo m. ‘nape of neck’; L. gāṭṭā m. ‘neck, throat’,
(Ju.) ǥāṭā m. ‘nape of neck’, awāṇ. gāṭā; P. gāṭṭā m.
‘neck, throat’; — S. ǥāṭru m. ‘throat’ < *gātra— but
conn. with gā́tra— doubtful on semantic grounds.
4112 *gāṭṭa—
2 ‘short, stunted’. 2. *gāṇṭa—. 3. *gēḍa—2.
1. P. gāṭā ‘squat’.
2. N. gāṇṭo ‘dwarf’, B. gā̃ṭā ‘strong but short, stout,
knobbly’.
3. Or. geṛa, °ṛā ‘squat’; — cf. N. gaı̃ṛe ‘stunted’.
Addenda: *gāṭṭa—
2 ‘stunted’. [~ Drav. DED 965]
4114 *gāḍa—
1 ‘dripping’. [√gaḍ: in sense of ‘mud’ perh.
rather conn. with group under karda—]
Kho. (Lor.) gāḷ ‘dregs’; S. ǥāṛo m. ‘drop’, gāṛa f.
‘drippings’; M. gāḷ f. ‘dregs’ (or < gāla—1?); — Tir.
gaḍ ‘mud’; M. gāḷ f. ‘mud’, gāḷā m. ‘mud on bushes
over a stream, alluvium’; — H. gāṛā m. ‘kneaded or
mixed mud’ (or < *gaḍḍ—2). — See *gāra—.
*gāḍa—
2 ‘cultivated field’ see *gaḍa—2.
4116 *gāḍḍa— ‘cart’. [Despite ā poss. same as *garda—2: for
‘seat > cart’ cf. gárta—2 and Meyer—Lübke Rom. et.
Wb. s.v. cathedra. Cf. also gadhā— f. ‘a part of a cart’
TS. com.]
Pk. gaḍḍa— n., °ḍī—, °ḍiā— f. ‘cart’, K. göḍi
f.; S. gāḍ̱o
m. ‘wheeled cart’, L. gāḍī f., (Ju.) gāḍ̱ā m. ‘bullock
cart’, gaḍḍ m. ‘cart’ (← EP.), awāṇ. gaḍī ‘train’; P.
gāḍḍī, gaḍḍī f. ‘carriage’, gaḍḍ f. ‘cart’, °ḍā m. ‘large
cart’, gaḍīrā ‘go—cart’; N. gāṛā, °ṛi ‘carriage, cart’, A.
gārī, B. gāṛi; Or. gāṛī ‘carriage’, gaṛā ‘cart with small
solid wheels’; Bi. Mth. gāṛā, °ṛī, (Saran) gaṛī; H. gāṛā m.
‘load cart’, °ṛī f. ‘carriage’; G. gāḍũ n. ‘cart’, °ḍī f.
‘carriage’, °ḍiyũ n. ‘small do.’, M. gāḍā m., °ḍī f.; Si.
gäḷa ‘cart’ (< *gāḍa— < *gāḍḍa—); — ext. with —ll—:
OG. gāḍalauṁ, G. gāllũ n., °lī f.
Addenda: *gāḍḍa—: S.kcch. gā̆ḍī f. ‘small cart’, gaḍal f. ‘toy—cart’.
4137 *gāra— ‘dripping, oozing’. [√*gr̄o
1]
L. gārā m. ‘thin mud used for mortar’; P. gārā m.
‘kneaded potter's clay, mud used for mortar’; Ku. gāro
‘mud, mortar’; N. gāro ‘mortar’; Or. gārā ‘clay’; Bi.
gārā ‘mud mortar’; H. gārā m. ‘thick mud, mortar,
plaster’; G. gār f. ‘cowdung prepared for plastering’,
gārɔ m. ‘earth and water mixed for building a wall’;
M. gārā m. ‘mixture of mud with lime or cowdung for
mortar or plaster’; — S. gāro m. ‘mud plaster’ (whence
gāraṇu ‘to cause to stick in mud’) is lw. with g. — See
*gāḍa—1, gāla—.
Addenda: *gāra— [Cf. ghāra—]: WPah.kṭg. gār, garɔ ‘mud
mixed with water, mortar’, poet. gare f. ‘refuse (from
a pipe)’; jaun. gārā m. ‘kneaded clay, mortar’.
4153 *gicc— ‘press, crowd’. 2. *gacc—. 3. *gijj—. 4. *ghicc—.
5. *ghacc—. 6. *ghijj—. [← Drav., J. Bloch BEFEO
xliv 49: Kurukh ginjnā ‘to beat into pulp’.—Cf. Muṇḍārī
geje̯ geje̯ ‘to reduce to a pulp’, Sant. ge̱je̱ ge̱je̱ ‘crammed’,
gijgij ‘close’].
1. N. H. gic—pic ‘crowded together’, G. gicgic; M.
giċċa ‘crowded’, giċāḍ n. ‘a dense wood’. — Cf. Pk.
vigiṁcaï ‘separates’. See *adhigicc—.
2. S. ǥacu ‘much, many’, m. ‘piece of bread’; H. gac,
gacpac ‘crowded’; G. gacca ‘tightly, firmly’, gaceṭo m.
‘lump’; M. gaċ ‘tightly’, gaċāḍ n. ‘a dense wood’. — Cf.
Pk. gaccha— m.n. ‘collection, crowd’.
3. Pk. gejja—, gāgejja— ‘churned’; B. gı̃ji ‘dense’, gijgij
‘crowd’; Or. gẽjibā ‘to press together’, gẽjā—gẽji ‘over-
crowded’; H. gı̄̃jnā, gı̃jolnā ‘to mash with the hand’.
4. H. ghicpic ‘crowded’, G. ghīc, ghicca.
5. S. ghacpaci f. ‘overcrowdedness’; Ku. ghaceṭo
‘push’; N. ghaccā̆ ‘thrust’, ghacāro ‘rush, crowd’,
ghaceṭnu ‘to push, thrust’, ghañca—mañca ‘pressure of
work’; G. ghacṛā—ghacṛī f. ‘overcrowdedness’.
6. B. ghı̃ji ‘dense, impenetrable’. See also *giñjakā-
and the group under *kicca— ‘mud’.
4154 *gicca— ‘neck’. [Cf. *ghicca—1: see list s.v. kaṇṭhá—]
L. ǥiccī f. ‘neck’, awāṇ. giccī.
*gijj— ‘press, crowd’ see *gicc—.
Addenda: *gicca—: S.kcch. giccī f. ‘neck’.
4155 *gijja— ‘gums of teeth’.
N. gijā, gı̃jā ‘the gums’, gijāunu, gijyāunu ‘to mock’;
Ku. gijauṇo ‘to provoke’.
4156 *giñjakā— f. ‘brick’. [J. Bloch BEFEO xliv 49 ff.
connects with *gijj— ‘press, see *gicc—, but cf. also
*kicca— ‘mud’]
Pa. giñjakāvasatha— ‘residence of bricks’ (but ac. to
E. Waldschmidt Mahāparinirvāṇasūtra ii 162 = Sk.
kuñjikāvasatha—); Bi. pangiñjā ‘brick’ (Grierson BPL
§ 1263).
*giṭṭa— ‘piece’ see *gaṭṭa—.
*giḍa— ‘swollen gland’ see gaḍu—1.
4157 *giḍḍ— ‘fall’. [Poss., after MIA. intr. type tappaï,
< *giḍ— (whence Pk. gēḍaṇa— n. ‘throwing’) < *gr̥ta—,
cf. √*gr̥̄1, √gaḍ, √gal
1]
P. giḍḍaṇā, giḍṇā ‘to fall’; — metath. P. ḍiggaṇā, H.
ḍignā.
*giḍḍa— ‘bundle, sheaf’ see *gaḍḍa—2.
Addenda: *giḍḍ—: OP. geṛa f. ‘time, turn’, P. geṛ f.?
4158 *gidda—
1 ‘jackal, fox’.
WPah. bhiḍ. bhad. gidd, pl. °dā̃ n. ‘jackal’, B. gidhī
(X or < gŕ̥dhra—); — ext. —ḍa—: S. gidaṛu m. (lw. with
d?), °dāṛī f., L. gidduṛ m., °dṛī f., P. giddaṛ m.; WPah.
bhad. gidaṛ ‘fox’, bhiḍ. gidṛõ; n. ‘small jackal’; B. gidhaṛ
‘jackal’; Or. gidaṛ ‘fox, jackal’, gidhaṛ ‘dunce’; Mth.
gīdar ‘jackal’, H. gīdaṛ m. — Woṭ. gidáṛ ‘fox’ prob. ←
Ind. (Buddruss Woṭ 101 ← Psht. giḍaṛ ‘fox’ ← Ind.).
*gidda—
2 ‘pith’ see *gudda—.
ginduka— see gēnduka—.
4159 *girati
1 ‘drips, falls’. [√*gr̥̄
1]
P. girnā ‘to fall’, Ku. girṇo, N. girnu, Or. giribā, Mth.
girab, Bhoj. giral, Aw. lakh. girab, H. girnā (whence
OH. gernā ‘to throw’); OMarw. giraï; G. garvũ ‘to
drop’ (< gir° whence caus. geravvũ).
Addenda: *girati
1 [See galati1: √*gr̥̄
1]
2. †;*gilati1: OMarw. (Vīsaḷa) 1 sg.pres. giḷaüṁ
‘waste away’.
4165 *gili— ‘laughing’. [Onom.?]
N. gilili ‘tittering’, gilli, °lā ‘mockery’; G. gillɔ m.,
°lā f. ‘ridicule’.
4166 *gilla— ‘swelling, goitre’. [Cf. gilāyu— m. s.v. *gulu—?
— Or the group *giḍa—, *gaḍu—1, gaṇḍa—1?]
WPah. bhal. gil n. ‘goitre’; — P. gilhṭ, °ṭā m., °ṭī f.
‘hard lump in flesh’, gillhaṛ, gillar m. ‘goitre’, gilhṛā m.
‘one suffering therefrom’, kgr. gilrā m.
4170 *gīrti— ‘swallowing’. [Cf. gīrṇi— f. lex. — √gr̥̄
2]
S. ǥī̆ta f. ‘swallowing, a swallow’.
gúggulu— see gúlgulu—.
4171 *guṅga— ‘dumb’. [Cf. Pers. gung]
Paš. guṅgā́, f. °gı̄́ ‘dumb’, S. guṅgo, L. P. guṅgā, N.
gũgo, gõ;go; A. goṅgā ‘speaking indistinctly’; B. goṅgā,
gho°, gogā ‘dumb’; Or. guṅga, guṅgā, ghu° ‘dumb’,
guā̃ga ‘fool’; H. gū̃gā ‘dumb’, G. gũgɔ; M. gũg ‘stupid’.
— X mū́ka— q.v.
Addenda: *guṅga—: S.kcch. ghūṅgho m. ‘dumb’, WPah.kṭg.
guṅgɔ.
4177 *guṭṭha—
1 ‘clump, lump’.
Pk. guṭṭha— n. ‘clump, clump of grass’; H. guṭṭhal
‘lumpy’, m. ‘lump’, guṭhlā m. ‘large lump’, guṭhnā ‘to
be knotted together’.
4178 *guṭṭha—
2 ‘wrist’. [See ghuṇṭa—1 and list s.v.
*khuṭṭa—2]
Kt. guṭ ‘wrist’, Pr. goṭ (or < gā́tra—); L. guṭṭh f. ‘corner’,
guṭṭ m., °ṭī f. ‘joint’, guṭṭhī f. ‘wrist’, (Shahpur) ǥuṭṭhī
f., awāṇ. guṭṭī f.
4179 *guṭṭha—
3 ‘defective’. [See list s.v. kuṇṭha—]
H. guṭhlā ‘blunted’.
4180 *guḍ— ‘rumble’. [Onom. cf. guḍuguḍāyana— n. ‘rum-
bling in belly’ Suśr.]
S. guṛaṇu ‘to thunder’, guṛkaṇu ‘to rumble, purr’.
Addenda: *guḍ—: WPah.kṭg. gvṛku m. ‘thunder’, gvṛnõ; ‘to
thunder’, poet. gƏṛakṇo ‘to resound’; J. gṛikṇu ‘to
roar (of thunder)’.
4189 *guḍḍa— ‘doll, effigy’.
S. guḍ̱o m. ‘male cloth doll’, °ḍ̱ī f. ‘cloth doll, paper
kite’; L. guḍḍī f. ‘paper kite’; P. guḍḍā m. ‘effigy of a
man (made of cloth), large paper kite’, °ḍī f. ‘image,
doll, paper kite’; Or. guṛī ‘paper kite’; H. guḍḍā m.,
guṛiyā f. ‘doll’, guḍḍī f. ‘paper kite’ (→ N. guriyā ‘doll’,
guḍḍi ‘paper kite’); G. guḍī f. ‘pole set up at a festivity’.
Addenda: *guḍḍa—: WPah.kṭg. ghv̀ṇḍi
f. ‘doll’ (or < *ghuṇṭa—2
Him.I 49)?
4197 *gudda— ‘pith, core’. 2. *gidda—2. [Cf. gōrda—]
1. P. gudd f., guddā m. ‘pulp, kernel, marrow’; Ku.
gudo ‘kernel, seed, grain, pith’, °dī ‘marrow’; N. gudo
‘pith, marrow, brain’, °di ‘kernel’; H. gūdā m., °dī f.
‘pith, brain’. — X gárbha— q.v.
2. N. gidi ‘brain’, gidro ‘pith of bamboo’.
4203 *guppha— ‘something strung together’. 2. gumpha-
m. ‘stringing a garland, a whisker’ lex. [< *guṣpa—?
See √guph]
1. H. gupphā m. ‘wreath, tassel, bunch’; — Aw.lakh.
gōphā ‘twining’ rather < *gōphya—.
2. A. gõ;ph ‘moustache’; B. gõ;p(h) ‘moustache’, gõ;p—hār
‘a sort of necklace’; — M. gũph f. ‘hair combings’? -
P. gummhā̃ m. ‘hard boil’ (PhonPj 112) despite h rather
< gúlma—.
4204 *gupphā— ‘cave’. [gúhā— X √gup e.g. gōpya— ‘to be
taken care of’ Yājñ., Pk. guppa— ‘to be hidden’, guṁpha-
m. ‘hiding’? — Very doubtful]
K. gŏph f. ‘cave, hole’; S. guphā f. ‘cave’; L. guphā m.
‘hermit's cave’, awāṇ. gupphā ‘cave’, P. guphā f.,
WPah. cam. gupphā, N. guphā; B. guph ‘cave, ravine,
pass’, gophā ‘cave’, H. G. guphā f., M. guphā, gũphā f.
‘cave, sylvan retreat of a hermit’. — Forms in —ā
< —aka— and affected by gender of gúhā—1?
GUPH ‘string, plait’: *guptha—, *guppha—, gupháti,
gumpha—, gumpháti, gumphana—, *gūḍha—2, *gōp-
phanā—, *gōphayati, *gōphya—; *pragūḍha—; -
guṣpitá—.
Addenda: *gupphā—: WPah.kṭg. gúpph f. (obl. —a) ‘hole in the
earth, den’.
4207 *guragura— ‘growl’. [Onom. cf. ghuraghurāyatē]
S. guraṇu, gaũraṇu ‘to growl’, gurkaṇu ‘to purr’; N.
gurrinu ‘to growl’, gurgurra ‘purring’, guruguru ‘rum-
bling’; H. gurrānā ‘to growl’; G. gurvũ, gurgurvũ ‘to
growl, rumble’; M. gurgarṇẽ, gurakṇẽ ‘to growl, snarl’.
4214 *gulu— ‘wrist, ankle’. [< ‘swelling’, cf. glaú— m., pl.
glā́vaḥ ‘round lump of flesh’ AV. of which gilāyu— m.
‘hard tumour in throat’ Suśr. is MIA. form: very
doubtful]
Bshk. gūlús ‘wrist’; Sh. gil. gŭlŭċŭ m. ‘ankle’, gur.
gŭlū́ċŭ m. ‘wrist’; K. gulu
m. ‘forearm above wrist’;
— cf. S. ǥiryo m. ‘ankle’?
guluccha— see guccha—.
guluñca— see guccha—.
4218 *gullara— ‘fig tree’.
P. gullhar, gullar m. ‘Ficus glomerata’; N. gullar ‘a
partic. kind of fig—tree’; H. gūlar f. ‘F. glomerata’, G.
gular, °ler, °lrɔ m.
4226 *
gūniya— ‘mason's square’. [← Pers.
gūniyā ← Gk.
gwni/a]
L.
guṇiā m.; P.
gunīā m., Bi.
guniyā,
gŏn°, Bhoj.
guniyā̃, H.
guniyā m. (→ S.
gūnī,
°īā f.), M.
guṇyā,
guṇā
m.
gū́rdati see
kū́rdati.
4250 *gērāṭa— ‘dove (?)’.
Aś. gēlāṭa— ‘some sort of animal or bird’ (J. Char-
pentier Festschr. Winternitz 305 ‘duck’ with very
doubtful equation —āṭa— = āti—); L. gerṛā, (Ju.) ǥerā m.,
°rī f. ‘dove’.
4271 *gōṭṭa— ‘something round’. [Cf. guḍá—1. — In sense
‘fruit, kernel’ cert. ← Drav., cf. Tam. koṭṭai ‘nut,
kernel’, Kan. goṟaṭe &c. listed DED 1722]
K. goṭh f., dat. °ṭi f. ‘chequer or chess or dice board’;
S. ǥoṭu m. ‘large ball of tobacco ready for hookah’, °ṭī f.
‘small do.’; P. goṭ f. ‘spool on which gold or silver wire
is wound, piece on a chequer board’; N. goṭo ‘piece’,
goṭi ‘chess piece’; A. goṭ ‘a fruit, whole piece’, °ṭā
‘globular, solid’, guṭi ‘small ball, seed, kernel’; B. goṭā
‘seed, bean, whole’; Or. goṭā ‘whole, undivided’, goṭi
‘small ball, cocoon’, goṭāli ‘small round piece of chalk’;
Bi. goṭā ‘seed’; Mth. goṭa ‘numerative particle’; H.
goṭ f. ‘piece (at chess &c.)’; G. goṭ m. ‘cloud of
smoke’, °ṭɔ m. ‘kernel of coconut, nosegay’, °ṭī f. ‘lump
of silver, clot of blood’, °ṭilɔ m. ‘hard ball of cloth’;
M. goṭā m. ‘roundish stone’, °ṭī f. ‘a marble’, goṭuḷā
‘spherical’; Si. guṭiya ‘lump, ball’; — prob. also P.
goṭṭā ‘gold or silver lace’, H. goṭā m. ‘edging of such’
(→ K. goṭa m. ‘edging of gold braid’, S. goṭo m. ‘gold
or silver lace’); M. goṭ ‘hem of a garment, metal wristlet’.
*gōḍḍ— ‘dig’ see *khōdd—.
Addenda: *gōṭṭa—: also Ko. gōṭu ‘silver or gold braid’.
4272 *gōḍḍa— ‘foot, leg, knee’. [Cf. the word—group ‘heel -
ankle — knee — wrist’ s.v. *kuṭṭha—: → Brah. goḍ
‘knee’]
Pk. goḍḍa—, gōḍa— m. ‘foot’, Gy. as. gur; K. gŏḍ m.
‘ankle, foot of tree, beginning of anything’; S. goḍ̱o m.
‘knee’, guḍ̱a f. ‘knee bone’; L. goḍ̱ḍ̱ā m. ‘knee’, awāṇ.
gōḍā, P. goḍḍā m.; Ku. gwāṛo ‘foot’, gng. gōṛ; N. goṛo
‘foot, leg’; A. gor ‘foot, kick, foot of tree’, guri ‘kick,
foot of tree’, gorohani ‘stamp of the foot’; B. goṛ ‘foot,
leg’, °ṛā ‘foot of tree, root, origin’; Or. goṛa ‘foot, heel,
leg, base’; Mth. goṛ ‘leg’; Bhoj. gōṛ ‘foot, leg’; Aw. lakh.
goṛ pl. ‘feet’; H. goṛ, °ṛā m. ‘foot, leg’.
*gōḍḍadāman—, *gōḍḍadāmana—, *gōḍḍadāmara—.
Addenda: *gōḍḍa—: S.kcch. gūḍo m. ‘knee’, gauḍo in gauḍe
vajṇū ‘to kick’ (see vrájati Add2).
4284 *gōddī— ‘lap’. [Perh. conn. either krōḍá— ‘bosom’
(prob. non—Aryan EWA i 281) or *gōḍḍa— ‘knees’]
S. goḍ̱i f. ‘fastening of dhoti in front’; P. god, goddī f.
‘lap’; N. Mth. god ‘lap, bosom’, OAw. goda f.; H. god f.
‘lap’; OMarw. godī f. ‘arm, lap’; G. godi
f. ‘lap’.
4296 *gōpp— ‘pierce’. 2. *ghōpp—.
1. S. ǥopaṇu ‘to splice’; N. gopnu ‘to pierce, stab’.
2. P. ghop deṇā ‘to thrust into’; N. ghopnu ‘to pierce’;
A. ghopā ‘deep set’.
*gōpphanā— ‘sling’ see gumphana—.
4307 *gōmha— ‘snake, centipede’.
Pk. gomhī—, gōmī— f. ‘centipede’; N. goman, gohaman,
goban, f. gomani ‘a partic. kind of snake’; A. gom
‘generic name for several poisonous snakes’, gumūni
‘female of a certain poisonous snake’; H. M. gom m.
‘a partic. kind of centipede’.
4320 *gōl—, *gōll— ‘look for’.
S. ǥoraṇu, ǥolaṇu ‘to look for, search’, L. goḷaṇ,
golaṇ, agolaṇ.
4325 *gōlla— ‘slave’. [Cf. gōla—3?]
S. golo m. ‘slave’, °lī f., °lāro, °lāṛo m. ‘son of a slave’;
L. P. gollā m. ‘slave’, °lī f.; G. golɔ m. ‘menial servant
in a king's harem’, °lī f., gollɔ m. ‘devotee of a goddess’.
gōvara— see gōrvara—.
*gōvardha— ‘bull’? [gṓ—, várdha—2]
See *gōrdhava—.
4358 *grava— ‘branch’?
Wg. grõmacr; ‘branch’, Paš. lawā́.
GRAS ‘swallow’: grásati, *grasita—, grasta—, grāsa—,
grāsáyati, *grāsya—; *avagrasta—.
4386 *
grilla— ‘wet, damp’. [< *
gr̥dla— cf. √
gaḍ: very
doubtful]
Pk.
gilla— ‘wet’, Ash.
gilest
e, Dm.
grīla; Paš.
līl ‘wet,
dew’; Kal. rumb.
grīla ‘wet’; P.
gill f. ‘dampness’,
gillā
‘damp’, Ku.
gīlo; N.
gilo ‘over—cooked, over—ripe, soft’;
A.
gīl ‘wet, muddy, benumbed’; Aw. lakh.
gīl ‘wet’; H.
gīl f. ‘dampness’,
gīlā,
gillā ‘damp’; OMarw.
gīlau
‘wet’; M.
gīl m. ‘pulp’,
gilgilīt ‘oozy, over—ripe, squashy’.
4403 *ghagghara— ‘waterpot’. [Onom. < gharghara-
‘gurgling’ see *gharga—?]
S. ghāghari f. ‘a kind of waterpot’; Or. ghagri
‘earthen pitcher’; M. ghāgar f. ‘waterpot’.
4419 *ghaḍaghaḍa— ‘gurgling or rattling noise’. [Onom.,
cf. *gaḍagaḍa—]
K. gŏrgŏr m. ‘gurgling’; S. ghaṛkaṇu ‘to tick (of a
clock)’; N. ghārghur ‘sound made in churning thickened
milk’; A. gharghar ‘creaking’; B. ghaṛghaṛ ‘purring’;
Or. ghaṛaghaṛa ‘rattling’; H. ghaṛghaṛānā ‘to thunder,
crack’, M. ghaḍghaḍṇẽ.
4420 *ghaṇṭa— ‘throat’. [Despite ghaṇṭikā— f. ‘uvula’ poss.
< ‘little bell’, this is separate from ghaṇṭā— and belongs
to the group listed s.v. kaṇṭhá—]
L. ghaṇḍī f. ‘adam's apple’, awāṇ. also ‘soft palate’;
P. ghaṇḍ m., °ḍī f. ‘adam's apple’; A. ghãṭ ‘protuberance
on snout of crocodile’; H. ghā̃ṭī f. ‘throat, adam's
apple, uvula, soft palate’ (→ N. ghā̃ṭi ‘throat’); G.
ghā̃ṭɔ m. ‘throat’, °ṭī f. ‘adam's apple’; M. ghā̃ṭī f.
‘throat, adam's apple, larynx’.
Addenda: ghaṇṭa—: WPah.kṭg. (kc.) ghàṇḍu m. ‘throat’.
4425 *ghanaghana— ‘tinkle, clang’. [Onom.]
Pk. ghaṇiya— n. ‘thunder’, ghaṇaghaṇāiya— n. ‘in-
distinct noise’; Mth. ghanghan ‘jingle’; H. ghanghanānā
‘to jingle’; G. ghaṇghaṇ, ghaṇāṇ ‘tinkling’; M. ghaṇ-
ghaṇṇẽ ‘to ring, clang’, ghaṇāṇā ‘with a loud clang’.
4427 *ghabbhara— ‘confused’. 2. *ghabbhaḍa—.
1. S. ghaḇiro ‘deafish’; P. ghābrā ‘confused’ (← H.?);
N. ghabrāunu ‘to confuse, be confused’, B. ghā̆brāna;
Or. ghābarā ‘confused’; H. ghābar, °brā ‘startled’; G.
ghābhrũ ‘confused’; M. ghābrā ‘terrified’.
2. Ku. ghabṛāṇo ‘to be puzzled’; B. ghābṛā ‘to be
confused’.
4432 *gharaghara— ‘grunt, rumble’. [Cf. gharghara— m.
‘purring’ Kathās., ‘rattling’ lex. and ghuraghurā-
yatē: onom.]
N. ghargharāunu ‘to grunt’, ghā̃rghā̃r—ghurghur
‘growl’; Or. ghargharibā ‘to rattle’; H. gharghar m.
‘snarling’; M. ghargharṇẽ ‘to rumble’.
gharaṭṭa— see *gharṣṭra—.
4443 *gharga— ‘gurgling sound of water’. [Cf. gharghara-
‘gurgling’ Rājat., m. ‘name of a river’ lex., Pk. ghag-
ghara—; gárgara—1 m. ‘whirlpool’ AV.: onom.]
P. ghagg, pl. °gā̃ f. ‘hole caused by water’, ghaggā
‘hoarse, hollow’; N. ghāgi ‘rapids in a stream’.
4451 *gharṣṭra— ‘grindstone, mill’. [gharaṭṭa— m. ‘grind-
stone’ Rājat., °aka— m., °ikā— f. MIA. < *gharaṣṭra— or
*ghraṭṭhra—; —ghaṭṭa—2 in araghaṭṭa—. — √ghr̥ṣ]
Pk. gharaṭṭa— m. ‘mill for grinding corn, Persian
waterwheel’; Paš. garāṭ ‘handmill’ (← Ind. and → Par.
garāṭ IIFL iii 3, 73); K. graṭa, groṭu
m., (Morgen-
stierne) greṭhe
‘watermill for grinding corn’; L. ghuraṭ m.
‘handmill’ (X *ghurati
2?), khet. (LSI) grat (—ṭ?) ‘mill’;
P. gharāṭ m. ‘watermill’ with ā ← WPah. bhad. bhiḍ.
ḍhḷāṭ n., bhal. ghrāṭ, ghƏrāṭ n., khaś. ghrāṭ, marm.
gihāṭ;—with unexpl. a in Ku. ghaṭ, N. ghaṭṭa.
*gharṣṭrakara—; araghaṭṭa—.
Addenda: *gharṣṭra—: WPah.kc. gƏrāṭ m. ‘watermill’, J. ghrā'ṭ
m., kṭg. ghɔ̀rṭ, J. ghauṭ; G. ghãṭɔ m. ‘grindstone’, °ṭī
‘mill’; °ṭīɔ m. ‘portable mill, grindstone’.
4466 *ghāna—
1 ‘mill’. [ODBL 320 < ghrāṇaka— Siyadoni
inscr. EI i 169; Dave GujLg 136 < *ghātanikā—;
?. Bloch (letter 1946) compared M. ghāvan ‘stone
mortar’ and suggested as possible ghaná—1 X grā́van—.
None satisfactory]
Pk. ghāṇa— m. ‘mill’; S. ghāṇo m. ‘oil—mill’, L. awāṇ.
ghāṇī, A. B. ghānī, Or. ghaṇā, Bhoj. ghānī; H. ghānā m.
‘oil—mill’, °nī f. ‘the block on which the roller of a mill
moves’; Marw. ghāṇī f. ‘oil—mill’; G. ghāṇī f. ‘oil—mill,
sugar—press, the block on which the roller of an oil—mill
moves’, M. ghāṇā m., °ṇī f.
Addenda: *ghāna—
1 [Extracted from cmpd. ghāṇa—piṇyāka— n.
‘oil—cake from (a filling of) oil—press’ Arthaś.?]
S.kcch. ghāṇī f. ‘oil—mill turned by a camel’.
4467 *ghāna—
2 ‘filling’. [Poss. conn. w. ghaná—2, cf.
ghānya— n. ‘compactness’ Dhātup.] √*han
3
Pk. ghāṇa— m. ‘single charge’; P. ghāṇ m. ‘profuse-
ness, large mass of anything prepared at one time, one
filling of a mill or pot’; WPah. bhal. ghāṇi f. ‘as much
oil seed as will go into a press at a time’; N. ghān ‘any
quantity sufficient for one time’; Bi. ghānī ‘one parch-
ing of grain, one filling of an oil—mill’; Aw. lakh. ghān
‘one baking’; H. ghān, °nā m. ‘one parching of grain,
one filling of an oil—mill’; G. ghāṇ m. ‘a quantity of
materials to be pounded, &c.’; M. ghāṇā m., °ṇī f. ‘one
charge of a mill’.
Addenda: *ghāna—
2 in cmpd. ghāṇa—piṇyāka— n. Arthaś.?:
WPah.poet. ghaṇo m. ‘filling with food, satiety’.
4472 *ghicca— ‘neck’. 2. *ghiñca—. 3. *ghēñcu—. [J.
Bloch in letter 1946 < *ghṛtya— from Indo—ir. *ghart-
‘neck’ in ghāṭā— q.v., *ghaṇṭa—. But cf. *gicca— and
list s.v. kaṇṭhá—]
1. N. ghicro ‘nape of neck’ (with ext. —ḍa—), H. ghīc m.
‘lower or front part of neck’.
2. Aw. lakh. ghı̄̃c ‘neck’, H. ghı̄̃c m. = ghīc ab.
3. Bhoj. ghē̃cu ‘neck’.
*ghijj— ‘press, crowd’ see *gicc—.
*ghiñca— ‘neck’ see *ghicca—.
4473 *ghiḍḍa— ‘defective’. [Cf. Pk. ghiṭṭha— ‘humpbacked’]
L. awāṇ. ghiḍḍā ‘crooked—legged’.
4474 *
ghir— ‘go round’. 2. *
ghēr— tr. ‘make go round, sur-
round’. [← Drav. J. Bloch BSOS v 742: cf. *
ghūr—]
1. Wg. (Lumsden) "
girum" ‘whirlpool’; Dm.
gíran
‘again, back’; Paš.
gir— ‘to turn round’,
gir ‘again’; Woṭ.
gir— ‘to go round’; Gaw.
gir— intr. ‘to turn, walk about’,
gira— tr.,
giri ‘again’; Bshk. Phal.
gir— ‘to wander about’;
S.
ghiraṇu ‘to feel sick, slide down’,
ghirṭu m. ‘nodding
from drowsiness’; P.
ghirṇā ‘to turn round, feel giddy, be
surrounded’; WPah. pāḍ.
ghiraṇ ‘to move away’, cam.
ghrīṇā ‘to set (of sun &c.)’; B.
ghirā ‘to surround’;
Bi.
ghirnī ‘rope—maker's twisting instrument’; Bhoj.
ghiral ‘to be surrounded’; H.
ghirnā ‘to be surrounded’,
ghirnī f. ‘pulley’; M.
ghı̃rṭī f. ‘a whirl’.
2. Paš.
gerē— ‘to make go round’; Kal. rumb.
gherém
tr. ‘I turn round’ (whence intr.
ghḗrem); K.
gērun ‘to
surround’,
gyūru
m. ‘giddiness’,
gēr m. ‘circumference’;
S.
gheraṇu ‘to surround’,
ghero m. ‘siege’,
°ri f. ‘cir-
cumference’; P.
gherṇā ‘to surround, blockade’,
gher f.,
°rā m. ‘circumference’,
gherṇī f. ‘dizziness’; WPah.
bhal.
gh
e_
ro m. ‘circular movement’; Ku.
gherṇo tr. ‘to
surround’, intr. ‘to go round’; N.
ghernu tr. and intr.,
ghero ‘circumference’; A. B.
gher, B.
gherā ‘to surround’,
Or.
gheribā,
ghera, Bhoj.
gher,
°rā; OAw.
gherai ‘sur-
rounds, besieges’; H.
ghernā ‘to surround’ (whence
pass. meaning of
ghirnā ab.),
gher,
°rā m. ‘circum-
ference’,
°rī f. ‘vertigo’; G.
ghervũ ‘to surround’,
gheraṇ f. ‘sound sleep’,
gherɔ m. ‘circumference’,
°rī f.
‘border of short hair’; M.
gherṇẽ ‘to surround’,
gher,
°rā m. ‘circumference’,
°rī f. ‘vertigo’. — X
bhramara-
in L.
ghãver m. ‘vortex, whirlpool, giddiness’.
*
āghēra—, *saṁghēr—.
Addenda: *
ghir—. 2. *
ghēr—: S.kcch.
ghero keṇū ‘to surround’;
WPah.kṭg.
ghèrɔ m. ‘circumference, circle, embrace’,
poet.
ghero m. ‘courtyard’, kṭg.
ghèrnõ; ‘to surround’,
J.
gherṇu; Md.
giranī ‘stirs (into water)’?
†;*
vighēra—.
4475 *ghīcc— ‘drag’. [Cf. *khiñc—]
S. ghīcaṇu ‘to drag’, ghīco m. ‘pulling to and fro’; N.
ghicnu ‘to grab’, ghiccinu ‘to be dragged along’; B.
ghı̃cā ‘to pull’; — H. ghicolnā ‘to rub’.
4476 *ghuṅgana— ‘boiled peas and spices’.
P. ghuṅgaṇī f. ‘grain boiled whole’; B. ghuṅni, ghugni
‘boiled peas with spices and oil’, H. ghū̃gnī f.
4477 *ghuṅghura— ‘bell’. 2. *ghiṅghira— [Onom.]
1. L. ghuṅgru m. ‘small camel bell’; P. ghuṅgarū m.
‘small bell’; N. ghuṅri ‘dancing—girl's ankle bells’; A.
ghuṅgarā ‘string of bells’, B. ghuṅur, Or. ghuṅghura,
H. ghuṅg(h)rū m.; OMarw. ghūghara m. ‘toe bell, string
of bells’; G. ghughrɔ m. ‘jingling bell’, °rī f. ‘toe bell’,
M. ghũghūr n., °ghrū m., °ghrū̃ n. — H. ghū̃ghar m.
‘curls’ ← Drav. cf. Kan. gugguri ‘curl’ DED 1361.
2. S. ghiṅghirū, °ro m. ‘ankle bell, cattle bell’.
*ghuṅghurāli—.
4481 *ghuṭṭ— ‘gulp, swallow’.
Pk. ghuṭṭaï, ghoṭ° ‘drinks’, Ap. ghuṁṭaï, ghuṁṭa— m.
‘a swallow of water &c.’; S. ghuṭaṇu ‘to choke’; P.
ghuṭṭ, °ṭā m. ‘a swallow’, °ṭī f. ‘child's dose of medicine’;
H. ghũṭnā ‘to swallow’; G. ghoṭ, ghũṭṛɔ m. ‘gulp’; M.
ghoṭṇẽ ‘to swallow’, ghoṭ m. ‘gulp’, ghuṭghuṭ ‘by gulps’;
— ext. with —kk—: S. ghuṭko m. ‘swallow’, ghuṭkaṇu ‘to
swallow’, N. ghuṛko, ghuṛkyāunu, M. ghuṭkā m.
*ghuṭṭa— ‘ankle’ see ghuṭa—.
Addenda: *ghuṭṭ— [~ Drav. DED 1378, 1381]: WPah.kṭg.
ghv̀ṭṇõ; ‘to swallow’, J. ghuṭṇu.
*ghuṭṭa—, ghuṇṭa—
1 see ghuṭa— Add2.
4483 *ghuṇṭa—
2 ‘knot, tag, button’.
S. ghuṇḍu m. ‘frown’, ghuṇḍī f. ‘knot of thread,
tangle’; P. ghuṇḍī f. ‘knot, knot of wheat chaff, button’
(→ H. ghuṇḍī f. ‘tag, button’); N. ghũṛi ‘tag or button to
catch in a loop’; B. Or. ghuṇṭi ‘cloth button’; G. ghũṭī f.
‘entanglement’.
*ghumati ‘revolves’ see *ghummati.
Addenda: *ghuṇṭa—2: WPah.kṭg. ghv̀ṇḍi
f. ‘doll’ (altern. <
*guḍḍa—), ghùṇḍu m. ‘veil carried by the goddess’; J.
ghū̃ḍ m. ‘veil’.
4484 *ghumba— ‘head covering’. 2. *ghumbapaṭṭa—.
[paṭṭa—2]
1. N. ghum ‘covering of interlaced bamboo strips and
leaves carried against rain or sun’.
2. N. ghumṭo ‘woman's head cloth’, B. ghomṭā, Or.
ghumbaṭā; G. ghumṭɔ m. ‘woman's head cloth’, ghumṭī
f. ‘leaf umbrella’. — Relationship of these not clear
with S. ghū̃ghā̆ṭu m. ‘woman's head cloth’, P. ghuṅg(h)aṭ
m., N. ghũguṭo, H. ghū̃ghaṭ m.f., G. ghũghaṭ m., °ghṭī f.;
M. ghũghūṭ, °ghaṭ m. ‘head cloth’.
Addenda: *ghumba—. 2. *ghumbapaṭṭa—: S.kcch. ghūmṭo m. ‘veil’;
ghūṅghaṭ m.
4485 *ghummati ‘revolves’. 2. *ghumati. [Replaces
ghū́rṇati; poss. < *ghūrma—: *ghūr—]
1. Pk. ghummaï ‘turns round’; S. ghumaṇu ‘to turn,
wander’; L. ghumbar m. ‘circular dance’ (< *ghūmra—?),
mult. ghummã m. ‘wooden mallet for stirring sugarcane
juice’; P. ghummaṇā ‘to turn, roll, wander, be lost’;
WPah. bhal. ghɔ̄m m. ‘a long unnecessary roundabout
turn’; Ku. ghumṇo ‘to turn round, wander’, N. ghumnu;
A. ghumāiba ‘to doze’, B. ghumā; Or. ghumibā ‘to whirl
round, walk about’, ghumāibā ‘to doze’; Bi. ghumauā jāl
‘casting net’; Mth. Aw. lakh. ghūmab ‘to wander’,
Bhoj. ghumal; H. ghū̆mnā ‘to revolve, wander’; G.
ghumvũ ‘to revolve in the mind’; M. ghumṇẽ ‘to fer-
ment’.
2. Pk. ghumaï ‘revolves’, Ko. ghũvtā.
GHUR ‘make a noise’: ghúrati1, ghuraghurāyatē,
ghurghurā—, *ghōra—2, *ghōrati; — ghōrá—1.
Addenda: *ghummati. 1. S.kcch. ghūmṇū ‘to move round’,
ghūmrī f. ‘turning’, WPah.kṭg. ghùmṇõ; ‘to stroll,
move’, gƏmhàuṇõ; tr. ‘to move, lead, turn’, J. ghumṇu
‘to turn back’, Garh. ghumṇu ‘to wander’; A. ghumaṭi
‘sleep’; — read B. ghumā̆na.
4492 *ghuss—
1 ‘thrust in, pierce’. [Cf. *ghōcc—]
Phal. ghusū́m ‘I copulate’, pret. ghusilo; L. ghussaṇ ‘to
enter, be thrust in’, P. ghusṇā, Ku. ghusṇo, N. ghusnu;
B. ghusāna ‘to thrust in’; Or. ghusibā ‘to enter by force’;
Bhoj. ghusal ‘to enter’, ghũsal ‘to rub in’; H. ghūsnā,
ghus° ‘to be thrust in’; Marw. ghusṇo ‘to enter’; G.
ghusvũ ‘to enter forcibly’, M. ghusṇẽ, Ko. ghusoṁk;
— ext. with —ḍ—: L. ghusṛaṇ ‘to be thrust in’; P. ghuṣaṛnā
‘to penetrate’, N. ghusranu, tr. ghusārnu; B. ghusaṛā ‘to
creep in’; H. ghusaṛnā ‘to be thrust in’, tr. °seṛnā; M.
ghusaḍṇẽ tr. and intr.; — with —kk—: B. ghuskāna ‘to
thrust in’; H. ghuskī f. ‘a forward woman’.
Addenda: *ghuss—1: S.kcch. ghūsāṇū ‘to push into’.
4493 *ghuss—
2 ‘err’.
S. gusaṇu ‘to fail, miss’ with g— from pp. gutho; L.
ghussaṇ, pp. ghutthā ‘to err, be forgotten’; P. ghussṇā ‘to
err, slip from the mind’, pp. ghutthā (whence gutthṇā
‘to make a mistake’). — S. gohī f. ‘evasion’ < *ghōs—.
4495 *ghūḍa— ‘manure’. [Connexion with gūtha— (MIA.
*gūha—ḍa—?) is unlikely]
Bi. ghūr ‘manure, manure pit’; H. ghūṛ, ghūr m.
‘sweepings’, ghūrā m. ‘manure’; — N. ghurān, °ryān,
°ren ‘dunghill, midden’ (+dhā́na—?)
*ghūr— ‘revolve’: *ghārayati2, *ghumati, *ghum-
mati, *ghurati2, ghū́rṇati, ghōla—1, ghōlayati;
praghūrṇa—, praghōlayati.
4496 *ghūra— ‘frown’.
S. ghūra f. ‘staring fiercely’, ghūraṇu ‘to stare fiercely
at’; P. ghūr m. ‘frown’, ghūrṇā ‘to frown on, rebuke,
look lustfully at’; H. ghūr m. ‘frown, stare’, ghūrnā
‘frown at, stare at, ogle’; — ext. with —kk— (partially
collide with ghúrati
1): S. ghurkaṇu ‘to rebuff’; P.
ghurakṇā ‘to frown, scold’; N. ghurkanu ‘to frown’; H.
ghuraknā, ghuṛaknā ‘to frown at’; G. ghurakvũ, ghar°
‘to frown’.
4498 *ghūssa— ‘blow with fist’.
S. ghūso m. ‘fist’; N. ghussā ‘fist, blow with fist’; B.
ghus ‘fist’; Or. ghusa ‘blow with fist’; H. ghūsā, ghussā
m. ‘fist’, G. ghusɔ m., M. ghusā, ghussā m.
4499 *ghūssā— ‘a present’.
P. ghūs f. ‘bribe’, Ku. ghūs; N. ghus ‘present, bribe’;
B. ghus ‘bribe’, Or. ghusa, H. ghūs f.
GHR̥
1 ‘trickle’: ghāra—, *ghārayati1, ghr̥tá—; *abhi-
gharati, *avaghara—, avagharati, ā́ghārayati,
*udgharati1, *udghāra—, *nirgharati, *nirghāra—,
*nirghārayati, *praghara—, pragharati, *praghāra—,
*praghārayati, *praghirati, *vighara—, *vyāgharati,
*vyāghāra—, vyā́ghārayati, vyāghārita—, vyāghr̥ta—;
— forms with —l—: *ghala—, *ghalati, *ghalati—,
*ghalana—, *ghalita—, *ghalyati, *ghāla—, *ghāla-
yati; *avaghala—, *avaghalati, *avaghāla—, *ava-
ghālayati, *āghala—, *āghālayati, *udghalyati,
*udghāla—, *nirghalati, *nirghāla—, *nirghālayati,
*praghala—, *praghalati, *praghāla—, *praghālayati,
*praghilati.
GHR̥
2 ‘be hot’: gharmá—, *gharasya—, *ghr̥ṁsu—,
ghr̥ṇá—, *ghraṇiṣya—, *ghrāṇā—.
4512 *ghēggha— ‘swelling’.
N. gheg ‘goitre’; H. gheghā, °gā, ghẽghā, °gā m.
‘tumour’.
*ghēñcu— ‘neck’ see *ghicca—.
4513 *ghēṇṭu— ‘neck’. [*ghaṇṭa— X *ghēñcu—? — See list
s.v. kaṇṭhá—]
Aw. lakh. ghẽṭuwā ‘neck’; H. ghẽṭ m. ‘throat, neck’.
*ghōggha— ‘shell’ see next.
4515 *ghōcc— ‘pierce’. [Cf. *ghuss—1]
P. ghocṇā ‘to make a superfluous examination’; Ku.
ghocṇo ‘to goad’; N. ghocnu ‘to pierce, stab’; G. ghocvũ,
ghɔ̃cvũ ‘to pierce, thrust in’.
Addenda: *ghōcc—: S.kcch. ghõ;cṇū ‘to pierce’.
4521 *ghōppa— ‘lying flat’.
N. ghopṭo ‘lying flat on the face’; M. ghopaḍ m. ‘a
low spreading mushroom’.
4525 *ghōla—
2 ‘nest’. [Like kulā́ya— ‘nest’ ← Drav.: Tam.
kūṭu, Kan. Tel. Tu. gūḍu DED 1563; cf. kuṇḍá—1]
Ku. N. ghol ‘nest’.
4534 *ca—uḍa— ‘wide, open’. [Poss. ext. with —ḍa— of MIA.
caü— extracted from cmpds. of catur—]
L. côṛā ‘broad’, (Shahpur) caiṛa, awāṇ. cāṛā, P.
cauṛā; Ku. cauṛ ‘flat space, field’, cauṛo ‘wide’; N. caur
‘flat space, field’; B. Or. cauṛā ‘wide’; Mth. caur, °rī
‘lowland, marshy place’; H. cauṛ, caur m. ‘open space
in forest’, cauṛā ‘wide’ (→ N. cauṛo, Mth. cauṛā);
OMarw. cauḍaï loc. ‘in the open’; G. cɔṛũ ‘wide’.
CAK
1 ‘be frightened’: *cakyatē.
CAK
2 ‘be satisfied’: cákati, *cakyati, *cākayati.
[Perh. extracted from cakāna, cakē: √kan. — Semant.
see álam, prábhūta—. — Cf. √śak1, √sagh, √*cagh]
4570 *caṭa— ‘crackle’, caṭana— n. ‘splitting’, caṭacaṭā-
‘rattling’ MBh., caṭacaṭāyatē ‘rattles’, caṭacaṭati,
caṭatkāra— m., °tkr̥ti— f. ‘crackling’, caṭacaḍiti ‘so as to
crackle’ lex. [Onom.]
Pk. caḍacaḍa—, caḍakka— m. ‘crackle’; S. caṭkāu m.
‘smack’; P. caṭakṇā, carakṇā ‘to crackle’; WPah. bhal.
ċaṛk f. ‘thunder’; N. carrari ‘quarrel’, carkanu ‘to split,
crack’, caṛkinu ‘to crack’, caṛkanu ‘to flash’; A. sar
‘slap’; B. caṛ ‘slap’, caṛcaṛ ‘crackling’, caṛkāna ‘to make
tingle’, caṭ ‘quickly’; Or. caṛcaṛ ‘crackling’, caṛaka
‘thunderbolt’, caṛakibā ‘to crackle’; H. caṛ, caṛcaṛ m.
‘crackle’, caṛaknā, caṭa° ‘to crackle’, caṭ ‘quickly’; G.
caṛ, caṛcaṛ ‘with a crack’, caṭ ‘suddenly’, caṭakvũ ‘to
sting’; M. ċaḍċaḍ ‘with a slap’, ċaḍak f. ‘slap’, ċaṭ
‘suddenly’, ċaṭkā m. ‘glow’.
caṭita— see *caṭyatē.
Addenda: *caṭa—: S.kcch. caṛakdho ‘shining’; Garh. caṛ ‘sound
of splitting wood’.
4573 *caṭṭ— ‘lick, taste’. [Derivation < *caṣṭa— ‘tasted’
(LM 328) unlikely: onom.? cf. *caḍḍ—]
Pk. caṭṭēi ‘licks’, Gy. eur. čar—, SEeur. čaṛ—, Paš. čaṭ—,
Woṭ. c̣aṭ—, S. caṭaṇu, L. caṭṭaṇ, awāṇ. caṭṭuṇ, P. caṭṭṇā,
Ku. cāṭṇo, N. cāṭnu, B. cāṭā, Or. cāṭibā, Bi. Mth. Aw.
lakh. cāṭab; H. cāṭnā ‘to lick, taste, eat’ (whence caṭnā
‘to be tasted’); G. cāṭvũ ‘to lick’, M. ċāṭṇẽ.
Addenda: *caṭṭ—: S.kcch. caṭṇū ‘to lick’, WPah.kṭg. ċaṭṇõ; (kc.
ċaṭiṇo) ‘to lick, taste’, caus. ċƏṭauṇõ;, J. cāṭṇu.
4574 *caṭṭa— ‘bamboo matting’.
P. caṭāī f. ‘matting’, N. caṭāi; B. caṭā ‘bamboo lath’,
caṭāi ‘bamboo matting’; Or. caṭa, caṭāi ‘matting’, Bi.
H. G. caṭāī f., M. ċaṭ m., ċaṭāī f.
Addenda: *caṭṭa— ‘bamboo matting’. [~ Drav. DED 1907]
4575 *caṭṭu— ‘wooden ladle’. [Cf. *cāṭī—, *cāṭṭa—?]
Pk. caṭṭu—, °ua—, °ula—, caṭua— m. ‘wooden spoon’; P.
caṭṭū, caṭṭhū m. ‘wooden mortar’; M. ċāṭū m. ‘wooden
spoon’.
Addenda: *caṭṭu— ‘wooden ladle’. [~ Drav. DED 1905]
4577 *caḍḍ— ‘eat’. [Cf. *caṭṭ—1]
Pk. caḍḍaï ‘eats’, caḍḍaṇa— n. ‘a meal’; N. cāṛ
‘festival, feast’.
4578 *caḍhati ‘rises’. 2. *caḍhyati. 3. *cāḍhayati
‘raises’. 4. *cāḍha— ‘rising’.
1. Pk. caḍaï ‘rises, sits on’, caus. caḍāvēi, chaḍaï ‘rises,
mounts’; K. ċarun ‘to increase’; S. caṛhaṇu ‘to rise,
mount’, L. caṛhaṇ, P. caṛhṇā, Ku. caṛhṇo, N. caṛnu,
caus. °ṛāunu; A. sariba ‘to mount, increase, surpass’,
sarāiba ‘to put on, clothe’; B. caṛā ‘to mount, increase’,
caus. °ṛāna; Or. caṛhibā ‘to climb’; Mth. caṛhab ‘to rise,
mount, sit’; Bhoj. caṛhal ‘to rise’; OAw. caḍhaï ‘rises,
attacks’, caus. °ḍhāvaï ‘raises, offers’; H. caṛhnā ‘to
climb’, caus. °ṛhānā, Marw. caṛhṇo, G. caḍhvũ, caṛvũ
(< Pk. caḍaï), caus. °ḍhāvvũ, °ṛāvvũ, M. ċaḍhṇẽ, caus.
°ḍhaviṇẽ, Ko. caḍtā.
2. Si. säḍa, sän̆ḍa ‘climbing, a climb’.
3. K. ċārun ‘to pick up, collect’; S. cāṛhaṇu ‘to lift’,
L. cāṛhaṇ, awāṇ. cā̂ṛuṇ, P. cāṛhṇā, WPah. cam. cāhṛṇā.
4. S. cāṛho m. ‘climber’; L. cāṛhā m. ‘climber of a
date—palm’; B. cāṛ ‘a pushing up’, cāṛā ‘prop’, cāṛī
‘punting pole, lever’.
*caḍhyati ‘rises’ see prec.
Addenda: *caḍhati. 1. S.kcch. caṛṇū ‘to climb’, caṛāṇū ‘to
incite’; WPah.kṭg. ċɔ́ṛhnõ;, kc. °no ‘to climb, break
out (of illness)’, J. caṛhnu.
4640 *catuṣpattra— ‘four—leaved’. 2. catuṣpattrī— f. ‘the
plant Marsilea quadrifolia’ lex. [catur—, páttra—]
1. P. caupattā, cup° ‘four—leaved’.
2. P. caupattī, cup° ‘a partic. four—leaved plant’; H.
caupat, °tiyā f. ‘a partic. weed growing among wheat’.
catuṣpathá— see *catuṣpantha—.
4653 *catthari— ‘laugh’. [Onom.]
Pk. catthari— m.f. ‘laughter’; S. cathari f. ‘joking’,
catharāito ‘ridiculous’.
*catrudaśa ‘14’ see cáturdaśa.
4674 *capp— ‘press’. 2. *camp—. 3. *cipp—. [Derivation of
*capp— and *cipp— and of *cuppa—1 by Bloch LM 330
(followed in ND 183a) < *carp—, *cr̥pya— is very doubt-
ful: if conn. with carpaṭa— (see *carpa—), capēṭa— and
cipiṭá—, they are rather of non—Aryan origin. — Cf.
capáyati and further *cibba—, *cimb—, *chapp— and
*chipp—, *japp—]
1. Pk. cappaï ‘presses’; Kho. čopik ‘to gather, pick’
(← Ir., Wkh. čip— Morgenstierne BSOS viii 667, but
perh. → Ir.); S. cāpaṇu ‘to shampoo the limbs’ (ā?);
P. cappaṇ m. ‘cover’; N. cyāpnu, cep°, ‘to press, squeeze’,
capeṭnu ‘to press, follow, goad to work’; A. sāpibā ‘to be
contracted’; B. cāpā ‘to press, get upon, cover’; Or.
cāpibā ‘to press down’, intr. capibā ‘to sink into’; H.
capnā ‘to be pressed’, capnī f. ‘flat lid’; G. cāpṛɔ m.
‘clasp’; M. ċāpṇẽ ‘to press’.
2. Pk. caṁpaï ‘presses’; Mth. cā̃pab ‘to press, squeeze’,
OAw. cāṁpaï; H. cā̃pnā ‘to pound’; G. cā̃pvũ ‘to press’.
3. BHSk. cipyatē ‘is crushed’, —cippitaka— ‘crushed’;
Pa. cippiyamāna— ‘crushed flat’; Wg. (Lumsden) "chi-
pállún" ‘to squeeze’; Paš. weg. čip— ‘to bite off’; K. ċipiñ f.
‘pinching’; S. cipaṇu ‘to press, stamp’, cipo ‘bruised,
flattened’, cipu f. ‘silence’; A. sepiba ‘to press, squeeze’,
B. cipā, Or. cipibā, G. cīpvũ, M. cipṇẽ, cepṇẽ.
Addenda: *capp—. 2. *camp—: OMarw. (Vīsaḷa) pp. m.pl. cā̆ṁpyā
‘oppressed, restrained’.
3. *cipp— [Cf. piccayati]: S.kcch. cīplāṇū ‘to be
pressed between’ ~ G. pīclāvũ AKŚ 31.
CAM: †;ācamati.
4675 *cappayati ‘chews’. [Onom., cf. Pa. capucapukāra-
‘making the sound of chewing’: cf. cárvati]
Pa. cappēti ‘chews’, Dm. ċapāy—, Sh. čapóĭki̯, koh.
čăpōnu̯, gur. čăpyōnu̯; K. ċāpun ‘to eat’, ċopu
m. ‘bite’;
WPah. bhal. ċāpṇū ‘to chew’, Ku. capoṇo, N. capāunu,
capkāunu; Si. sapanavā, ha° ‘to chew, bite, gnaw, crush’.
*cappēṭa—, *cappēṭṭa— ‘slap’ see capēṭa—.
CAM ‘sip’: cāmya—; *ācama—, ācamana—, ācāma—,
ā́cāmati, ācāmayati, *nicamati.
4676 *camakka— ‘sudden movement’. 2. *cammakka—.
[Cf. camatkāra— m., camatkr̥ti— f. ‘surprise’ Kathās.;
Orm. čmak ‘winking’ IIFL i 391]
1. Pk. camakka— m. ‘surprise’, camakkēi ‘startles’;
P. caũkṇā ‘to be startled’; B. caũkā ‘to glitter’; Or.
cahaṅkibā ‘to glitter, be startled’; OAw. cauṁkaï ‘to be
startled’, H. caũknā, caũk f. ‘sudden start’.
2. S. camaka f. ‘glittering’, cimko m. ‘glitter’; P.
camakṇā ‘to shine’; Ku. camakṇo ‘to shine, be mad’; N.
camak ‘gleam’, camkanu ‘to shine, be startled, be in-
solent’; A. samakiba ‘to be startled’; B. camak ‘flash’,
camkāna ‘to glitter, be startled’, Or. camakibā; Mth.
camak ‘glitter’, camakab ‘to sparkle’, OAw. camakaï; H.
camaknā ‘to glitter, be startled’, G. camakvũ; M.
ċamakṇẽ ‘to glitter’. — Without —kka—: N. camcam
‘glare’; H. camcamānā ‘to glare’; G. camcam f. ‘burn-
ing’; M. ċamċamāṭ m. ‘dazzle’. — P. camkār f., °rā m.
‘flash’.
camatkāra— see prec.
Addenda: *camakka—. 1. WPah.kṭg. ċɔṅkṇõ; ‘to wake (intr.) with
a start’.
2. *cammakka—: S.kcch. camakṇū ‘to shine’; Ko.
ċamkatā ‘walks’.
4680 *campavēlli— ‘jasmine’? [campa—, vēlli—?]
S. cambelī f. ‘Jasminum grandiflorum’, P. cãbelī,
camelī f.; N. cameli ‘J. sambac’; B. cameli ‘J. grandi-
florum’, Or. cambelī, cā̆melī, Mth. camelī, OAw.
caṁbelī, H. cãbelī, camelī f., G. cãpelī, cãbelī, camelī; M.
ċãbelī, ċamelī f. ‘the plant’, ċamel n. ‘its flower’.
*cammakka— ‘sudden movement’ see *camakka—.
Addenda: *campavēlli—: OB. cāmbalī (sic), B. cāmeli id.
CAR: †;anucará—.
4688 *carassa— ‘raw hide’.
P. carsā m. ‘raw oxhide’, caras f. ‘leather bucket’; N.
carsā ‘hide’; Bi. H. carsā m. ‘raw oxhide’, H. caras,
tarsā m. ‘leather bucket’; M. ċarsā m. ‘raw oxhide’; -
G. caṛsũ ‘a contrivance for lifting water from well or
tank’: X caṛvũ < *caḍhati?
4696 *
carpa— ‘flat’. 2.
carpaṭa— ‘lying flat to the head (of
ears)’ VarBr̥S., m. ‘palm of hand, thin biscuit of flour’
lex.,
carpaṭī— f. ‘flat cake’ lex. 3. *
carpaṭṭa—. [Cf.
Psht.
ċapaq, Orm.
čapâ
g ‘flat hand’ IIFL i 391 and
carvan— m. ‘slap with open palm’ lex.: see
cipiṭá—,
capēṭa—, *capp—]
1. Kt.
čap&acabreve; ‘slap’; S.
capu m. ‘lip’,
capo m. ‘palm of
hand, hand—breadth, blade of oar’; L.
cappā ‘having
horns pointing outwards’; P.
cappā m. ‘breadth of
4 fingers’; B.
cāp ‘solidified clod’,
cāpā ‘cover’; M.
ċāp
m. ‘lobe of ear’.
2. Pk.
cappuḍī—,
°ḍiyā— f. ‘snapping the fingers’; Ash.
Wg.
čapā́l ‘palm of hand’; Ash.
čapḗṛ ‘flat of hand’;
Paš.
čapilū́ ‘slap’, Kal. rumb.
čapŕéaka; S.
capiṛī f.
‘a kind of unleavened bread’,
cāpoṛo m. ‘flat clod of
dried earth’; L.
capṛī f. ‘small flat piece of wood’,
cāpṛī
f. ‘cake of silt’; P.
capṛī f. ‘small flat piece of wood’,
cāpaṛ m. ‘flake of sun—dried mud’; N.
capari ‘turf, clod
of earth’,
capleṭi ‘flat’; A.
sāpar ‘blow with palm of
hand’; B.
cāpaṛ ‘open palm, slap’,
cāpṛā ‘square or
oblong clod’; Or.
cāpaṛa,
°ṛā,
cāpuṛā ‘flat palm, slap’;
H.
cāpaṛ ‘flattened, level’,
cāpṛā m.,
°ṛī f. ‘cake of
cowdung’; G.
capaṛvũ ‘to flatten’; M.
ċapḍā ‘flat’.
3. Wg.
čapƏṭá ‘claw’; S.
capāṭa f. ‘slap’,
capuṭī f.
‘snap of fingers’; P.
capṭā ‘flattened, compressed’; G.
capaṭ,
capṭũ ‘low and flat’; M.
ċapṭā ‘flat’.
carpaṭa— see prec.
*
carpaṭṭa— ‘flat’ see *
carpa—.
Addenda: *
carpa—. 1. Ash. Wg.
čapā́l ‘palm of hand’ < *
carpa-
—la— ~ *
carpa—ṭa— Buddruss ZDMG 116, 415.
2. *
carpaṭa—: A. also
cāpar (phonet.
s—) ‘blow with
palm’ AFD 211.
carpaṭa— see *
carpa— Add
2.
4723 *cava— ‘point or blade of plough?’.
P. H. cau m. ‘coulter of plough’, G. cavṛũ n.; M.
ċav—tālẽ n. ‘a sort of harrow to draw off rubbish
(consisting of a beam pierced with 14 pins)’.
4724 *cavati ‘says’, cavyā— f. ‘voice’ lex. 2. *cāvayati caus.
[Connexion with káuti ‘shouts’ improbable: onom. cf.
jápati?]
1. Pk. cavaï, pp. °via— ‘says’, cavēṇa— n. ‘saying’,
cavacava— m. ‘a sort of noise’; S. cavaṇu, cuaṇu, pp.
cayo ‘to say, tell’, caviṇī f. ‘saying, order’; G. cavvũ ‘to
speak, narrate’.
2. S. cāiṇu ‘cause to say’; M. ċāvaḷṇẽ ‘to talk wildly’,
(Khandesh) ‘to talk’.
Addenda: *cavati: S.kcch. coṇū ‘to say’.
4725 *cavilla— ‘small stick’.
N. coilo, °li ‘small stick, shaving’; Aw. lakh. cailī
‘fuel sticks’; Bi. H. cailā m., °lī f. ‘small stick’, M.
ċailī f. — Cf. also S. coī f. ‘framework with nets
attached for catching fish’, N. coyo ‘split cane for
making nets’.
4730 *cassakk— ‘throb, twitch, sudden pain’. [See Add.]
P. casakṇā ‘to throb’; WPah. cam. caskṇā ‘to be
angry’; Ku. casak ‘rheumatic pain’; N. casakka with
a sharp pain’, caskanu ‘to throb, give acute pain’; H.
casaknā, cus° ‘to throb or twitch with pain’; G. casak f.
‘acute pain’.
Addenda: *cassakk— see cāṣa—2 and †;caṣati
2.
S.kcch. casko m. ‘shooting pain, craving’.
4731 *cahakk— ‘burn brightly’.
N. cahak ‘brightness’, cahakilo ‘brilliant, smart’; H.
cahaknā ‘to burn’.
Addenda: *cahakk— see cāṣa—2 and †;caṣati
2.
4733a *cāṇkṣati [CDIAL Add.]
WPah.kṭg. (kc.) ċā́ṇõ; ‘to wish’, kṭg. ċáu m. ‘desire’,
J. cā'ṇu, cāw m. (Him.I 58 only refers to CDIAL
*cāh—).
4734 *cācca— ‘uncle’. [Nursery word?]
S. cāco m. ‘father's brother’, °cī f. ‘his wife’, L. cācā
m., °cī f.; P. cāccā, cācā m. ‘father's younger brother’,
°ccī, °cī f. ‘his wife’; WPah. bhad. cāco ‘uncle’, cur.
cacērā; B. cācā ‘father's brother’, °cī ‘his wife’, Or. cacā,
H. cācā, caccā, cacā m., cācī f.; G. cācɔ m. ‘uncle’.
Addenda: *cācca—: WPah.kṭg. (among Rājputs) ċāċ m. ‘father's
brother’, ċaċi
f. ‘his wife’, J. cācā m.
4736 *cāṭī— ‘pot’. [← Drav., cf. Tam. cāṭi ‘jar’, Mal. cāḍi,
Tel. Kan. Tu. jāḍi. Cf. *cāṭṭa—, *cāḍḍa—]
Pa. cāṭi— f. ‘vessel, jar, measure of capacity’; Si.
säliya, häl° ‘earthen pot’.
4738 *cāṭṭa— ‘pot’. [← Drav., Tam. caṭṭi DED 1901: see
*cāṭī—, *cāḍḍa—]
Gy. eur. čāro m. ‘bowl, pan’; P. cāṭṭā m., °ṭī f. ‘large
earthen vessel’; WPah. bhal. ċāṭ f. ‘large pot for storing
ghee’; Or. cāṭi ‘a big basket’; H. cāṭā m. ‘pot for collect-
ing expressed sugarcane juice in a mill’, °ṭī f. ‘small
earthen pot’.
4739 *cāḍḍa— ‘pot’. [Cf. *cāṭī—, *cāṭṭa—]
Pk. caḍḍa— n. ‘oil vessel in a lamp’; S. cāḍ̱ī f. ‘earthen
vessel’; Mth. caṛiyā ‘earthen griddle for baking bread
or parching grain’; G. cāḍũ n. ‘saucer—shaped vessel
forming part of a lampstand’, M. ċāḍẽ, °ḍhẽ n. — Bi.
cā̃ṛ ‘earthen vessel for grain’ X bhā̃ṛ < bhāṇḍa—1.
*cāḍha— ‘rising’, *cāḍhayati ‘raises’ see *caḍhati.
Addenda: *cāḍḍa—: S.kcch. cāḍī f. ‘stone vessel to catch leavings
of food for cattle and dogs’.
4749 *cāmala— or *cāvala— ‘husked rice’. [S. K. Chatterji
ZII ix 31 < *cāma—, √cam with little probability: Pk.
and several NIA. lggs. have no trace of nasal. Poss. of
ultimately same non—Aryan origin as taṇḍulá—]
Pk. cāulā m. pl., cavala— m. ‘rice’ Deśīn.; S. cā̃uru,
cā̃varu m. ‘a grain of rice’, cā̃uro ‘pertaining to husked
rice’; L. cāval m. ‘husked rice’, awāṇ. cāvul, P. cāval,
°var, cāul, caul m., WPah. bhal. ċā̆u m. pl., jaun. cau,
Ku. caũl, gng. ċā̃wōw, N. cā̃wal, cāmal, A. sāul, OB.
tāula, B. cāul, cāl, Or. caü̃ḷa, cāuḷa, cāura, Bi. Mth.
Bhoj. cāur, H. cā̃wal, cāw°, cā̃war m., OMarw. cāvala
m., G. cāvaḷ m. (usu. pl.).
*cāmalapiṣṭa—; *rasikācāmala—.
Addenda: *cāmala— [~ Drav. DED 1976]: Brj. cā̃wal, °war,
cāwal, °war m. ‘husked rice’.
†;CĀY ‘observe’: †;cā́yati.
4775 *cāh— ‘see, look for, desire’. [J. Bloch Festschr.
Wackernagel 147 ‘deformed’ from abnormal and un-
attested MIA. *cākh— < cakṣatē to avoid clash with
*cakṣati ‘tastes’ (cf. *pracāh— ~ pracakṣatē)? Or
< *cāgh— see √*cagh—? Uncertain]
Pk. cāhaï ‘wishes, expects, asks for’; K. kash. ċāhun
‘to wish’; S. cāhaṇu ‘to desire, like’, cāhu m. ‘desire,
love’; L. cāhaṇ ‘to wish’, cāh f. ‘wish’, awāṇ. caīṇā
‘necessary’; P. cāhṇā ‘to wish for, demand’, 3 sg. pass.
cāhye ‘it is necessary’, pres. part. cāhīdā ‘desirable’,
cāh f. ‘desire, love’; WPah. bhad. cāṇā ‘to wish’; Ku.
cāṇo ‘to seek, love’, gng. imper. cā ‘see’; N. cāhanu ‘to
wish, desire’, cāinu ‘to be desired, be necessary’, cāh
‘desire’ (ext. with —ḍ— in cāhārnu ‘to look for’); A. sāiba
‘to look at, reflect on’; B. cāhā ‘to look at or for, expect,
want’; Or. cāhibā, °hı̃bā ‘to look at, look at wistfully,
desire, ask for’; Mth. cāhab ‘to wish for’; OAw. cāhaï
‘desires’, cāu m. ‘strong desire’; H. cāhnā ‘to see, look
for’, 3 sg. pass. cāhiye ‘it is necessary’, cāh f. ‘wish’;
OMarw. cāhaï ‘wishes’, cāva m. ‘want’; G. cāhvũ ‘to
long for, love’, cā(h) m. ‘love’; M. ċāhṇẽ ‘to love, like’.
CI
1 ‘heap up’: kā́ya—1, kāya—2, cáya—, cáyana—, cāpayati,
*cāya—, cāyayati, citā—, cíti—, cinṓti, *cinvati,
cḗya—, *caitiya—; avacaya—, uccaya—, *uccāpayati,
*uccāpyatē, uccita—, uccinōti, upacaya—, *upacā-
yayati, upacít—, upacīyatē, nikāyá—, pracaya—,
*vicitya—, vícinōti, *vicinvati, saṁcaya—, saṁcayana—,
saṁcayayati, samuccaya—.
CI
2 ‘observe’: niścayá—, *niścayati, paricaya—, pari-
cita—, pariciti—, viniścaya—.
CI
3 ‘avenge’: *uccayatē.
4778 *cikk— ‘press, squeeze’. [Cf. cikká—4, *cukka— and
cikkayati, cukk° ‘hurts, is hurt’ Dhātup.]
S. cikaṇu ‘to distil, ooze out (of pus)’, cikāiṇu ‘to
distil, fatigue’; WPah. bhal. ċikkṇū ‘to press down
lower portion of loom with the feet, grasp, seize’; Ku.
cikṇo ‘to deflower’, gng. ċikaṇi ‘copulation’; N. ciknu
‘to copulate (of man)’, cikāunu ‘do. (of woman)’. -
Prob. Wg. čiṅ ‘vulva’; K. ċē̃kh, dat. ċē̃ki f. ‘woman's
pudenda’.
4781 *cikka—
3 ‘small’. [Cf. cikva— m. ‘young elephant’,
cikkagaja— m.; cikṣa— ‘young’, *ciṅga—: perh. same as
cikká—4, cikiná— ‘flat—nosed’ Pāṇ., cikina— ‘flattened,
stumpy’ Harṣac. — ← Drav. (cf. Kan. cikka ‘small’)
LM 330, T. Burrow BSOAS 12, 379]
Pk. cikka— ‘small’, °kā— f. ‘anything small, slight rain,
small drop’; M. cike ‘a little’, cikkar small. — Kho.
(Lor.) ċik ‘younger, small (of animals and things)’?
cikká—
4 ‘flat—nosed’ see *cikk—, *cikka—3.
Addenda: *cikka—
3 [Cf. Shgh. ċeg ‘child’, ċƏgag ‘small’]
A. cikā (phonet. s—) ‘small’ AFD 216; Kho. ċeq or
ċiq ‘small’ BKhoT 67 with?
4785 *ciṅga— ‘young bird’. 2. *cēṅga—. [Cf. *cikka—3]
1. N. ciṅnu ‘chicken’; H. cı̄̃gā, cı̃gā m. ‘young bird’,
ciṅgā, cı̃gnā m. ‘chicken’, cı̃gulā m. ‘young bird, child’.
2. Mth. cẽgā ‘chicken’, H. cẽgā, cẽgṛā m. ‘child’.
4787 *ciṅghāṭa—, *cinghāra— ‘noise, scream’. [Onom.? -
Cf. cītkāra—]
Gy. wel. čiṅār, čiṅarī f. ‘row, quarrel, brawl’, čiṅer-
‘to scold’; P. ciṅghār f. ‘screech’, ciṅghārnā ‘to screech’;
H. cı̃ghāṛ, °ār f., °āṛā m. ‘scream, screech’, cı̃ghāṛnā ‘to
screech, roar’; — S. ciṅghaṇu ‘to groan’.
4789 *cicc— ‘scream’. 2. *cēñc—. [Onom., cf. cicciká—]
1. Pk. cicci— m. ‘shriek’; P. ciclāuṇā ‘to shriek’, N.
cicyāunu, H. ciciyānā, G. cīcvũ.
2. A. sẽsāiba ‘to scream’; B. cẽcāna ‘to cry out’.
Addenda: *cicc—. 2. *cēñc—: WPah.rāmp. ciñjṇõ; ‘to call (from a
distance)’.
4790 *cicca— ‘squeezed, stingy’. [Cf. cikká—4?]
Pk. cicca—, ciccara— ‘flat—nosed’; S. cica f. ‘meanness’,
ciciṛu m. ‘importunate beggar’; N. ciccā ‘stingy’, cicilo
‘young unformed fruit’.
Addenda: *cicca—. 1. A. cīcā (phonet. sisa) ‘emaciated’ AFD
216.
2. †;*ciñca—: A. cı̃cā (phonet. sı̃sa) ‘flattened’ AFD
155.
†;*ciñca— see *cicca—.
*ciṭaka— see caṭaka—.
4794 *
ciḍ— ‘be angry’. 2. *
ciḍh—. 3. *
cēḍ— ‘make angry’.
4. *
chēḍ—
2.
1. S.
ciṛaṇu ‘to be huffy’; P.
ciṛnā ‘to be provoked’;
N.
cirko ‘disturbance’,
curinu ‘to be enraged’,
ciṛnu
‘to be annoyed’ (← H.?); B.
ciṛ ‘vexation’,
ciṛāna ‘to
provoke’; Or.
ciṛibā ‘to be angry’; H.
ciṛnā ‘to be pro-
voked’, G.
ciṛāvũ, M.
ciḍṇẽ.
2. WPah. bhal.
ciṛh
e_
llu ‘peevish’; H.
ciṛhnā ‘to be
provoked’.
3. S.
ceṛaṇu,
ceṛāiṇu ‘to provoke’.
4. S.
cheṛaṇu ‘to taunt, irritate’; L.
cheṛaṇ ‘to pro-
voke’, P.
cheṛnā; H.
cheṛnā ‘to touch, irritate’ (→ N.
cheṛnu ‘to taunt’); G.
cheṛvũ ‘to irritate’.
*
ciḍh— ‘be angry’ see prec.
Addenda: *
ciḍ—. 1. Garh.
ciṛnu ‘to be cross with’.
2. *
ciḍh—: WPah.kṭg.
ċíṛh f. ‘hatred’,
ċíṛhnõ; ‘to
hate’.
3. *
chēḍ—2: WPah.kṭg.
ċhéṛnõ; ‘to disturb, trouble’,
J.
cheṛṇu.
*
ciḍh— see *
ciḍ— Add
2.
4794.1S*CIḌ(R)/CIR(K)/CIKR- ‘squirrel’COMM:
(FCS) DEDR2518(b), along with OIA
cikroḍa, suggests an underlying
*cirk- ~ *cikr- + o/u. On the other hand, the Go. pl.
ciḍrahk (DEDR2518a) may imply an underlying
*ciḍr…k. It is also possible to see a prefix
ci- followed by an element
krVḍ ~
ḍrVk.
4795 *ciṇoṭṭhī— ‘Abrus precatorius’. [Cf. ciñcī— f., kāka-
ciñcā— f.; Pk. deśīn. kaṇeḍḍhiā— f.]
Pk. ciṇoṭṭhī— f.; G. canɔṭhī f. ‘A. precatorius and its
berry (used as a measure of weight)’.
CIT ‘observe’: cittá—1, cítti—1, citrá—, cintáyati,
cintā́—, cḗtana—, cētáyati, cḗtas—, cḗttr̥—.
4800 *citta—
2 ‘lying on the back’.
P. citt ‘prostrate on the back’, N. cit, cittā, A. sit, B.
cit, Or. cita; Mth. cit ‘lying face down’; H. cit ‘prostrate
on the back’, G. cīt, catũ, cattũ, M. cīt.
4802 *citth— ‘pound, tear’.
S. cithaṇu ‘to pound, bruise, hash’; L. citthaṇ ‘to
chew’, (Ju.) cithaṇ; P. citthṇā ‘to pound, crush, chew’;
H. cīthnā ‘to crush, tear’; M. cithṇẽ ‘to take offence’.
— Ext. with —ḍ—: S. cīthaṛo m. ‘old ragged clothes’,
cithiṛaṇu, cithāṛ°, cethāṛ° ‘to bruise, crush’; P. cīthṛā m.
‘rag’, Ku. cithṛo, N. cithro, cithornu ‘to scratch, claw,
get scratched’; H. cīthaṛ, °thṛā m. ‘rag’, cithāṛnā ‘to tear
to pieces’; G. cithṛũ n. ‘rag’; — with —r—: G. cithrũ n.,
°rī f. ‘rag’.
4819 *
cippa—, *
cīppa—, *
cēppa— ‘gummy matter’.
S.
cipyaru m. ‘one whose eyes are full of gummy
matter’; P.
cīp f.,
cīpaṛ m. ‘glue, any viscous substance’,
cippṇā,
cipakṇā,
°aṭṇā intr. ‘to stick’,
cipṛā ‘having the
eyes full of gummy secretion’,
cīplā ‘sticky’; WPah.
bhal.
ċ
e/
pṛo m. ‘gummy secretion in eyes’; N.
cipro ‘id.’,
ciplo ‘smooth, slimy’,
ciplinu ‘to slip’; H.
cep,
cīpaṛ f.
‘gummy secretion in eyes’,
cepnā tr. ‘to stick on’,
cepī,
cippī f. ‘a little piece stuck on’; G.
cipṛũ n.,
°ṛɔ m.
‘gummy secretion in eyes’; M.
cipā̆ḍ m. n.,
cipḍẽ n.,
°ḍā m. ‘id.’,
cipṇẽ ‘to have eyes closed by it’,
cipḍā
‘affected by it’. — Other variants (X MIA.
seppha—,
seṁbha— < *
śrēṣman—??): WPah. bhal.
ċipph m. ‘resin
from pine trees’, Ku.
ciphlo,
cibhlo ‘slippery’, B.
chep
‘spittle’, Or.
chipa,
chepa ‘spittle with phlegm’.
*
cippiṭa—, *cippiṭṭa— ‘flat’ see
cipiṭá—.
Addenda: *
cippa—: WPah.poet.
ċiplo ‘slippery’ (< *
cippalla— or
← P.); kṭg.
ċipƏṭṇõ; ‘to stick, adhere’ (prob. ← H.
cipaṭnā or P.
cipaṭṇā).
4821 *cibba— ‘flattened’. [Cf. cipitá—, cikká—4, *cimb—]
S. ciḇu m. ‘dent, bruise’, ciḇo ‘dented’, ciḇa f.,
ciḇiro m. ‘owl’; L. cibbā, (Ju.) ciḇḇā ‘crooked, paralysed,
having facial paralysis’, cibṛī f. ‘spotted owlet’; G. cībũ,
cibṛũ ‘flat—faced’, cībṛī f. ‘owl’; M. cı̃bā ‘flattened’.
*cimpaṭa— ‘flat’ see cipiṭá—.
4822 *cimb— ‘pinch’. [Cf. *cibba—, *capp—]
Bshk. ičimik ‘blink’; S. cimṭo m. ‘tongs’; P. cambaṛnā,
cimmaṛnā ‘to copulate’, cimṭā m. ‘tongs’; Ku. cim
‘pinch’, cimṭā ‘pincers’, cimoṭi ‘nip with the nails’;
N. cim ‘closing the eyes’, cimlanu ‘to blink’, cimṭanu,
cimoṭ° ‘to pinch’, cimṭā ‘pincers’; B. cimṭā ‘to pinch’,
sb. ‘tongs’; Or. cimuṭibā ‘to pinch’, cimuṭā ‘pinching,
tongs’; H. cimaṭnā ‘to embrace closely’, cimṭā, cyū̃ṭā m.
‘pincers’; G. cı̃boḷvũ ‘to pinch the ear’, cimṭɔ m. ‘tongs’,
camṭɔ m. ‘hard pinch’; M. cı̃bṇẽ ‘to pinch, squeeze’,
cı̃baḷṇẽ, cı̃baṭṇẽ, cimaṭṇẽ ‘to pinch’, cimṭā m. ‘pinch,
pincers’.
Addenda: *cimb— [In sense ‘blink’ ~ Drav. DED 2097]
4823 *ciyāku— ‘fungus’. [Cf. kyāku— n. Āp.]
N. cyāu ‘mushroom or mushroom—like fungus’.
4827 *cilla—
2 ‘unctuous, shining’.
Pk. cillaa—, °liya— ‘shining’; S. cilo m. ‘pancake’,
cilkaṇu ‘to be bright’, P. cilakṇā; N. cillo ‘greasy,
smooth, polished’, sb. ‘grease, ghee’, cillo—callo ‘a
dainty’; H. cilaknā ‘to be bright’, cilcilānā ‘to be very
hot (of the sun)’.
Addenda: *cilla—
2. 2. †;*cila—: WPah.kṭg. ċiḷƏk ‘morning
sunshine, first rays of the sun’, J. ciḷk f. ‘morning
sunshine on the highest peaks’ Him.I 62.
4832 *ciṣṭa— ‘message’. [Cf. Av. kaēš—, činasti ‘teaches,
makes known’, Pahl. nām—čišt ‘known by name’
H. W. Bailey JRAS 1934, 510]
Sh. čiṭhi f. ‘letter’ (← Ind.); S. ciṭho m. ‘list’, °ṭhī f.
‘letter’, L. P. ciṭṭhī f.; P. ciṭṭhā m. ‘account’; WPah.
bhal. ċiṭhi f. ‘letter’; N. ciṭṭhā ‘lot’, ciṭhi ‘letter’, A.
siṭhi; B. ciṭhā ‘tally’, °ṭhi ‘letter’; Or. ciṭhā ‘rough draft’,
°ṭhi ‘letter’; Bi. ciṭhī ‘letter sent to groom's father
announcing auspicious day for wedding’; Mth. Aw.
lakh. cīṭhī ‘letter’; H. ciṭṭhā m. ‘ballot’, ciṭṭhī, cīṭhī f.
‘letter’, G. ciṭṭhī f.; M. ciṭṭhā m. ‘account’, ci(ṭ)ṭhī f.
‘letter’.
Addenda: *ciṣṭa—: WPah.kṭg. ċíṭṭhi
f. ‘note, message’.
4847 *cīssa— ‘sharp pain’.
P. cīs f. ‘sudden pain’; Ku. cīs ‘keen pain, scorching’;
N. ciso ‘cold’; H. cīs f. ‘sudden pain’; G. cīs f. ‘scream’.
4848 *cukk— ‘fall short of, stop’. [< Pk. cukka— ‘fallen, mis-
taken, forgotten’ replacing cyutá— ‘fallen, missing one's
aim’. — √cyu]
Pk. cukkaï ‘falls, is forgotten, is destroyed, makes
a mistake, errs’, tr. ‘to make fall, break’; Sh. koh.
čŭkyōnu̯ intr. ‘to stop’, čokŭ ‘stopped, at a standstill’; S.
cukaṇu ‘to be finished, err’; L. cukkaṇ ‘to be finished,
be forgotten, err, miss’, awāṇ. cukkā ‘settled’; P. cukkṇā
‘to be finished, miss, err, forget’, tr. ‘to finish, under-
take’; Ku. cukṇo ‘to fall short of, miss, fail’; N. cuknu
‘to be in fault, miss, overlook’; B. cukā ‘to make a mis-
take, be finished, be settled’, tr. ‘to finish, settle’; Or.
cukibā ‘to make a mistake’; Mth. cukab ‘perform in-
sufficiently, err’; Bhoj. cukal ‘to settle an account’, cūk
‘mistake’; H. cūknā, cuk° ‘to fall short of, fail, be
finished’; Marw. cūkṇo ‘to be completed’, cūk f. ‘mis-
take’; OG. cūkaï ‘misses’, G. cukvũ ‘to fail, miss, err’;
M. ċukṇẽ ‘to blunder’; — caus. Pk. cukkavaï ‘causes to
lose’; S. cukāiṇu ‘to make err, finish’; L. cukāvaṇ ‘to
finish with, settle’, P. cukāuṇā, N. cukāunu; B. cukāna
‘to get rid of, finish, settle’; Or. cukāibā ‘to settle’, H.
cukānā; G. cukā̆vvũ ‘to cause to lose one's aim, discharge,
settle’; M. ċukā̆viṇẽ ‘to elude’.
*cukka— ‘vulva’ see *cutta—.
Addenda: *cukk—: S.kcch. cukāṇū ‘to pay, remit’, cūke vanṇū ‘to
miss (a target)’, WPah.poet. ċukṇo ‘to err, forget, be
finished’, J. cukṇu.
4852 *cugyati ‘pecks’. [√*cug]
S. cuǥaṇu ‘to peck up with the beak’; L. cuggaṇ ‘to
peck, choose, graze’, awāṇ. cugguṇ ‘to eat’; P. cugṇā ‘to
peck, plait’, cugāuṇā ‘to feed (birds or cattle)’, bhaṭ.
cugṇā intr. ‘to graze’; WPah. cam. cugṇā ‘to graze,
choose’; H. cugnā ‘to peck, pick up, feed’; Marw.
cugṇo ‘to peck, eat’; G. cugvũ ‘to peck and eat (of birds)’.
*cuṅga— ‘octroi duty’ see śulká—.
4853 *cuṅgati ‘pecks’. [√*cug]
WPah. roh. ċuṅgṇõ; ‘to pick up, take up’, jaun. cū̃gṇõmacr;
‘to pick, glean, lift, carry’; N. cũgnu ‘to peck’, H. cū̃gnā;
— S. cū̃gaṇu ‘to eat slowly’ (< ‘*to peck at ’?), cū̃gī f. ‘a
few grains’; L. cuṅg f. ‘handful’; P. cuṅg f. ‘small portion
of anything’; M. ċũg f. ‘swarm, flock’?
*cuṅgha— ‘beard’ see *juṅgha—.
cuci— see *cuccu—.
cucundarī— see chucchundari—.
cucūka— see *cuccu—.
Addenda: *cuṅgati: WPah.kṭg. (kc.) ċuṅgṇõ; ‘to lift up, carry’, J.
cuṅgṇu.
4854 *cucca—
1 ‘defective, blear—eyed’. 2. *cuñca—
1. [Cf.
culla—1 and rhyming *bucca—1]
1. L. (Ju.) cucā ‘purblind, suffering from photo-
phobia’, awāṇ. cuccā ‘short—sighted’; P. cuccā ‘blear-
eyed, sore (of eyes)’, cuccuṛ ‘heavy and strong, coarse’.
2. G. cũcḷũ ‘having eyes half—closed’.
*cucca—
2 ‘beak’ see cañcu—.
*cucci— ‘nipple’ see next.
4855 *cuccu— ‘female breast, nipple’. 2. *cucci—. [Onom.
cf. cūcuka— n. ‘nipple’ R., cuc°, cucūka— n. lex. (Pa.
cūcuka— n., Pk. cūa— n.), cuci— f. W., and further kuca—]
1. Pk. cucuya—, cuccuya— n. ‘nipple’; Ash. ċuċū́
‘female breast’, Wg. čüčǘ, Kt. čuk, Pr. žüžū́, Dm. čúču;
Paš. lauṛ. ar. čučū́ ‘teat, udder’, chil. ċuċū ‘female breast’,
Shum. Woṭ. Gaw. ċuċū́, Kal. rumb. čū́ču; Sv. čučuwa
‘teat’.
2. Gy. eur. čučí f. (eng. tuči) ‘breast, nipple’, pal. čič;
Bshk. čič ‘female breast’, Tor. čiš, čī, Phal. čičī, Sh.
gil. čúči f., pales. číče; P. cūcī f. ‘female breast (when
large)’; WPah. bhad. bhal. ċiċċu n. ‘nipple, teat
(human or animal)’; Ku. cūco ‘udder’, gng. ċuċ ‘female
breast’; N. cuci ‘nipple’ (cf. cucarnu, cucornu ‘to suck’);
B. cuci, cũci ‘female breast’; Or. cucī ‘nipple’; H. cūcī f.
‘breast, nipple’, cuccaṛ m. ‘large breast or udder’; G.
cũcī f. ‘nipple’.
4858 *cuḍ— ‘wear away’. [Cf. cúṇḍati?]
Pk. cuḍaṇa— n. ‘growing old, rotting’; S. cuṛaṇu intr.
‘to wear, be in wear’, coṛaṇu ‘to bring into wear’.
*cuḍa—, *cuḍḍa— ‘vulva’ see *cutta—.
cúṇṭati ‘cuts off’ see cuṭáti.
cuṇṭī— see curī—.
cuṇṭháyati see cuṭáti.
4860 *cutta—, *cūtta— ‘anus, vulva’. 2. *cuḍḍa—. 3. *cuḍa—.
4. *cukka— (cf. *cikk—). [cū̆ta— m., °ti— f. ‘anus’, cyuti-
f. ‘vulva’ lex. Cf. Pers. cul ‘penis’ (if ← EIr., may be <
*cuta—), but more prob. with EWA i 395 ← Drav. cf.
Tam. cūttu, cūṟu ‘anus’ DED 2249]
1. K. ċoth, dat. °ti f. ‘anus, vulva’; S. cuti f., cutaṛu m.
‘anus, rump’, cūti f. ‘vulva’; L. (Ju.) cut f. ‘anus,
bottom’, cuttaṛ m., cutṛī f. ‘buttock’, mult. cutt m.
‘bottom (of a lamp)’, awāṇ. cut ‘vulva’; P. cutt, cūt f.
‘vulva’, cuttaṛ m. ‘rump’, cittaṛ m. ‘buttocks’; Ku. cūt
‘vulva’, cūtaṛ ‘haunch, thigh, hip’; N. cutaṛ ‘buttocks’;
B. cut ‘anus, vulva’, cutaṛ ‘anus, buttocks’; Or. (Sam-
bhalpur) cutal ‘anus, buttocks’; H. cūt f. ‘vulva’, cūtaṛ
m. ‘rump’; G. cūt f. ‘vulva’, M. ċūt f., ċutā̆ḍ m.
2. S. cuḍ̱u m. ‘vulva’, L. cuḍḍ m., P. cuḍḍ f.
3. P. H. cuṛ f. ‘vulva’.
4. Kho. (Lor.) ċuk ‘vulva’?
CUD ‘impel’. [For list of poss. enlargements of IE.
*sqeu— see √sku]
cōdá—, cōdanā́—, cōdáyati, cōdya—; — *cōddati.
Addenda: *cutta—: WPah.kṭg. ċuttƏr m. ‘thigh, buttocks’.
4861 *cunda—
1 ‘wood or ivory work’. [Cf. kunda—1]
Pa. cunda— m. ‘ivory worker’; Or. cundibā ‘to do
woodwork’.
*cundakāra—.
*cunda—
2 ‘protuberance’ see cū́ḍa—1.
4863 *cupp— ‘strike’. 2. *cōpp—. 3. *cump—. [For list of
poss. enlargements of IE. *sqeu— see √sku]
1. Wg. (Lumsden) "chúp" ‘wound’, "chúba"
‘wounded, cut’; N. cup(p)i ‘dagger’; B. cupāna ‘to cut to
pieces’; G. cupvũ ‘to be thrust’.
2. Ku. copṇo ‘to dip’; N. copnu ‘to pierce, sink in’,
copalnu ‘to dive into, penetrate’; A. sop ‘blow’; B. cop
‘blow’, copsā ‘letting water sink in’; G. copvũ ‘to pierce’;
M. ċopṇẽ ‘to beat a floor, fall in and look flat.’
3. NiDoc. cuṁpita ‘cut, chopped’.
4864 *cuppa—
1 ‘silent’. [Onom.? — Hardly with LM 330
< *cr̥pya—, see *capp—]
S. cupu, cipu f. ‘silence’, L. cup f., P. cupp f.; Ku. cup
adj.; N. cup adj. and sb.; A. sup adj., B. Or. cup, Mth.
cup, cuppe adv.; H. cup f.; G. cūp adj., M. ċuppa; -
Paš. čup ‘silent’, čup— ‘to be silent’ ← Ind. or Kabuli
Pers. IIFL iii 3, 46. — K. ċhŏpa f.
Addenda: *cuppa—1: WPah.kṭg. ċup f. (obl. —a) ‘silence’, ċuppɔ
‘silent’; — A. copiba (phonet. s—) ‘to lie in wait’ AFD
331.
4865 *cuppa—
2, *cōppa— ‘oily’. [Cf. *tuppa—]
Pk. cuppa— ‘oily’, coppaḍa— m. ‘ghee, oil’, coppaḍaï
‘makes greasy’, covvaḍ° (= *cobb—?), copphucca— ‘greasy’;
L. cōpaṛaṇ ‘to smear with oil or butter’, copṛī ‘greasy’;
P. copaṛ m. ‘grease’, cupṛāuṇā ‘to smear with oil’; Ku.
copaṛ ‘oil, ghee’, cupṛo ‘oily’, gng. ċupaṛ ‘smooth’; N.
tel—cupar ‘anointing with oil’, cupārnu ‘to smear with
oil’; A. supi ‘oil vessel’; H. cūpaṛ, copaṛ m. ‘oil, grease,
butter’, cupaṛnā, cupar° ‘to smear with oil’; G. copṛũ
‘greasy’, copaṛvũ ‘to besmear’; M. copaḍ ‘greasy’, n.
‘ghee, butter, oil’.
cubuka— see cibuka—.
Addenda: *cuppa—2: WPah.kṭg. (kc.) ċoppƏṛ m. ‘butter’, J. cupar
m.; A. spel. cupi ‘small oil vessel’.
4866 *cubb— ‘pierce’. 2. *cōbb—. 3. *cōmb—. [For list of
poss. enlargements of IE. *sqeu— see √sku]
1. A. subāiba ‘to immerse’; B. cubā ‘to plunge into’;
Or. cublibā ‘to spoil water by dipping hand into pot’;
H. cubuknā ‘to pierce’; M. ċubakṇẽ ‘to pierce, puncture’.
2. Ku. cobṇo ‘to dip’; N. cobnu ‘to pierce, sink in’,
cobalnu ‘to immerse’; B. cobal ‘sudden bite’, cobāhā ‘a
kind of waterfowl’; G. cobvũ ‘to brand’, cobɔ m.
‘puncture, drumstick’. — Si. hobanavā, ob° ‘to press,
imprint’ bec. of loss of h— rather < sumbhati.
3. M. ċõ;bṇẽ ‘to stuff in’; — ċomaṇ n. ‘penis’?
*CUBH ‘pierce’. [For list of poss. enlargements of IE.
*sqeu— see √sku]
*cubhyatē, *cumbhati.
4869 *cumbaṭa— ‘coil, round pad’.
Pa. cumbaṭa— n. ‘coil, pad of cloth, pillow’, °aka— n.
‘pillow’, mālā—cumbaṭa—, °aka— n. ‘wreath’; H. cũbal,
cummal m., cumlī f. ‘pad on head on which to carry
burdens’, M. ċũbaḷ, °bhaḷ n.; Si. sum̆buḷuva ‘roll of cloth,
esp. pad placed under a jar carried on the head, crown,
garland, pillow’.
Addenda: *cumbaṭa— ‘pad’. [~ Drav. DED 2204]
4874 *cul— ‘fidget, itch’. 2. *cil—. 3. *cōl— tr.
1. Pk. culuculaï ‘throbs, jumps’; Dm. čūl— ‘to creep’,
čulāy— tr. ‘to move (e.g. a paw)’; Phal. čul— intr. ‘to
move’; S. curaṇu intr. ‘to shake’, cur—phuri f. ‘restless-
ness’; P. culculāunā ‘to fidget’; B. culculiyā ‘restless’;
H. cul f. ‘itching, lust’, culculānā ‘to itch’; G. caḷ f.
‘itching’; M. ċuḷċuḷ f., °ḷā m. ‘impatience, fidgeting,
itching’, ċuḷbuḷṇẽ ‘to fidget (of children)’.
2. K. ċĕl m. ‘rubbing, anger’; N. cilnu ‘to sting (of
plants and animals)’, cilāunu, cilcilāunu ‘to itch,’ cilbile
‘talkative (of children)’.
3. L. colaṇ tr. ‘to agitate, move’.
4877 *culla—
2 ‘small’. [Cf. cūḍa—3 ‘small’ BHS ii 232 (Pa.
cūḷa—), cúṇḍati, cúṇṭati, cuṭṭáyati ‘becomes small’
Dhātup. Poss. collides with MIA. chulla— < kṣulla-
(e.g. in Si.), but derivation of cūḍa—3 < kṣudrá— (EWA i
394) phonet. impossible. PMWS 152 ← Mu. (see
*chōṭṭa—), but H. Smith JA 1950, 196 derives from
onom. *cu—cu. Belongs with culla—1 to a ‘defective’
word—group (see, e.g., *bukka—4) and rhymes with
*bulla— < bulvá—, *kulla— < kulvá—, *bhulla—,
*lulla—]
Pa. Pk. culla— ‘small’; — Gy. eur. čulo ‘a little’; Si.
sulu ‘small’, hul—an̆gilla ‘little finger’: less likely <
kṣulla—. — MIA. cmpd. in Pk. culla—tāya— (< tātá—),
M. ċultā m. ‘father's brother’.
Addenda: *culla—
2 ‘small’. [Cf. also †;*cuṭṭa—]
4899 *cūha— ‘rat, mouse’.
S. cūho m. ‘rat’; L. cūhā m. ‘rat’, cūhī f. ‘mouse’; P.
cūhā m., °hī f. ‘rat, mouse’; N. cuhā ‘mouse’; B. cuyā
‘rat, mouse’; Or. cūā ‘mouse’; H. cūhā, cūā m., cūhī,
°hiyā f. ‘rat, mouse’, G. cuvɔ m.; M. ċuhā, ċuvā m.
‘sharp—witted person’.
4900 *cūhaḍa— ‘a partic. low caste’.
P. cūhṛā m. ‘a caste of sweepers’; H. cūhāṛ, cūhṛā m.
‘a scavenger caste’.
*cūhaḍakarman—.
4904 *cēṭṭa— ‘defective’. [Perh. like cēṭa— ← Mu., cf. Sant.
ceṇḍa ‘young’, ceṭra ‘dwarfish’ PMWS 99]
Wg. čeṭe ‘stupid’, Pr. čiṭë, Paš. čaṭā.
*cēḍ— ‘make angry’ see *ciḍ—.
4911 *cēlla— ‘boy’. [LM 331 ← Drav. and separate from
cēṭa—: nevertheless ultimately conn. with this and
*cēṭṭa—. — Cf. cēluka— m. ‘Buddhist novice’ lex.]
Pa. cellaka— m. ‘a class of novice (distinct from cēṭaka—)’;
Pk. cella—, °aya—, cilla— m. ‘boy’; Gy. eur. romani—čel m.
‘the Gypsies’; S. celo m. ‘disciple’, L. celṛī f. ‘female
disciple’, P. celā m., °lī f.; Ku. celo ‘son, disciple’; N. celo
‘pupil, apprentice’, B. Or. Mth. celā, H. celā m. (→ K.
cela m.), °lī f.; G. celɔ m., °lī f. ‘pupil’, celkɔ m. ‘boy’,
°kī f. ‘girl’ (as terms of endearment); M. celā m., °lī f.
‘disciple’, cilı̄̃—pilı̄̃ n. pl. ‘brats, children’; Ko. celli, calli f.
‘girl, daughter’.
CĒṢṬ ‘be active’: cḗṣṭati, cēṣṭā—.
Addenda: *cēlla— [Cf. Ir. in Shgh. ċƏl—dūr ‘younger’]
Ku. celo m. ‘boy’, celī f. ‘girl’, Brj. celo m. ‘boy’,
celī f. ‘girl’.
4917 *cōkka— (with ext. —ḍa—, —ra—, —la—) ‘chaff, bran’.
P. cokar f. ‘bran’; Ku. cokaṛ ‘bran, husk, chaff’; N.
cokar ‘bran’, cokrā ‘dregs (e.g. of rice—spirit)’; B. cokaṛ,
cokal ‘bran’, coklā ‘rind, bran’; Bi. cokar, cõ;k°, cokrā, cõ;k°
‘bran, husks’; H. cokaṛ, cokar, cõ;k° m. ‘bran’.
4921 *cōṅga— ‘section of bamboo’?
Bshk. čõdotdot;k ‘small wooden vessel’; N. cũgā ‘a bamboo
vessel for holding liquids’; A. soṅgā, suṅā ‘joint of
bamboo, bamboo tube’; B. coṅg ‘pipe, tube’, coṅgā
‘blowpipe for blowing fire’, cuṅgī ‘bamboo tube used
as vessel’; Or. coṅgā, cuṅgā, °gī ‘pipe, tube, cup’; Bi.
Mth. cõ;gā, °gī ‘pipe of smith's bellows’; H. cõ;gā m. ‘joint
of bamboo, bamboo tube’, °gī f. ‘pipe, tube’; — M. ċõ;gā
m. ‘stick used as a measure of two handbreadths’?
*cōñca— ‘beak’ see cañcu—.
*cōṭa— ‘beak’ see cōṇṭa—.
cōṭáyati see cuṭáti.
*cōṭṭ— ‘cut, strike’ see cuṭáti.
*cōṭṭa—
1 ‘protuberance’ see cū́ḍa—1.
4922 *cōṭṭa—
2 ‘thief’. [PMWS 135 with cōrá—1 ← Drav. Tam.
coṭṭu—, cuṟṟu— ‘to steal’]
L. P. coṭā m. ‘thief’; WPah. bhal. ċɔṭṭ m. ‘rogue’, n.
‘despicable rogue’; N. coṭṭo ‘thief’, Or. coṭhā; Aw. lakh.
coṭā ‘petty thief’, H. coṭṭā m.; G. coṭṭũ ‘thievish’.
Addenda: *cōṭṭa—2: WPah.poet. ċɔṭue f. ‘vagabond girl, faithless
girl’; Brj. coṭṭo m. ‘thief’.
*cōṭṭa—
1 see cū́ḍa—1 Add2.
4924 *cōḍa—
2, cōla—2 m. ‘name of a people on the Coromandel
coast’ MBh.
Aś. coḍā m. pl. ‘name of a people’; Si. heḷa ‘Ceylon’,
eḷuva ‘the ancient Sinhalese language’ H. Smith JA
1950, 212 < *coḷiya— (EGS 31 < siṁhala—).
cōḍa—
3 ‘protuberance’ see cū́ḍa—1.
4925 *cōṇṭa— ‘beak’. 2. cōṭa—. 3. *ṭōñca—. 4. *ṭōcca—.
[For list of similar forms see tuṇḍa— and cañcu—]
1. K. cõ̂ṭu
m. ‘chin’ (← Ind.); S. cõ;ṭa f. ‘beak’ (←
Centre?), B. cõ;ṭ; Si. soṭa, ho° ‘beak, snout, mouth’
(LM 332, EGS 195 < cañcu—).
2. Paš. čōṛı̄́ ‘beak’.
3. M. ṭõ;ċ, ṭoċ f.
4. G. ṭoci
f.
*cōṇḍa— ‘protuberance’ see cū́ḍa—1.
*cōtth— ‘tear’ see cuṭáti.
4951 *chaka— ‘dung’. [~ śáka— n. AV. — śákr̥t—]
Pk. chaga— n. ‘dung’.
*chakana—, *chakara—.
4952 *chakana— n. ‘dung’, chagaṇa— m. (n. lex.) ‘dried
cowdung’ Pañcad. [~ *śakana—. — *chaka—]
Pa. chakana—, °kaṇa— n. ‘animal dung’; Pk. chagaṇa-
n., °ṇiyā— f. ‘cowdung’; S. cheṇu, °ṇo m. ‘cow or buffalo
dung’; — G. chāṇ n. ‘cow or buffalo dung’, chāṇũ n.
‘cowdung cake’ or < *chākana—; M. śeṇ n. ‘cowdung’
or < śakana—.
*chākana—; *chakanapānīya—, *chakanākara—.
4955 *chakara— ‘dung’. [~ *śakara—2. — *chaka—]
Ku. chero ‘watery stool’; N. cher ‘diarrhoea’, chernu ‘to
have diarrhoea’; A. serāiba ‘bowels to be loose’, serni
‘looseness of bowels’; Or. cherā ‘watery stools’, cheribā
‘to void such’; H. chernā ‘to have bad digestion’; G.
cher f. ‘watery stools, bird dung’, chervũ ‘to have
diarrhoea’; — M. śer f. ‘bird dung’, śerṇẽ ‘to void dung
(of birds)’ or < *śakara—2.
*chākara—.
4956 *chakka—
1 ‘astonished, excited’.
S. chakaṇu ‘to be infatuated’, caus. chakāiṇu; N.
chakka ‘amazement’, chakinu ‘to be deceived’, caus.
chakāunu; H. chāknā ‘to be intoxicated’, chaknā ‘to be
astonished’; G. chāk f. ‘intoxication’, chākvũ ‘to be
mad’, chākaṭ ‘intoxicated’.
Addenda: *chakka—1: S.kcch. chakk ‘astonished’.
4957 *chakka—
2 ‘mouthful’.
S. chakāiṇu ‘to cause to eat’; P. chakk f. ‘present to
bards’, chakṇā ‘to eat’; N. chāk ‘anything sufficient for
one time, a meal’, chāknu ‘to drink by letting water drop
into mouth’; H. chāk m. ‘ready prepared food carried
by labourers’; M. sāk, °ke, °kī f. ‘palm of hand hollowed
to hold water or grain &c.’
*chakkaṭa— ‘cart’ see śákaṭa—.
Addenda: *chakka—2: WPah.kṭg. ċhā́k m. ‘cooked food given to
servants and labourers’; J. chākkā ‘a day's labour
paid for with two seers of grain and a meal’.
4961 *chagana— ‘goat’ (or *chāgana—?). [→ Mj. čan ‘new-
born kid’ IIFL ii 202. — chaga—]
Ash. čäṇä́, čä̃ṛä ‘kid’, Wg. čẽ, čõdotdot;, Kt. čū̃, Kho. čhani
(< *chāganikā— BelvalkarVol 89); Paš. lauṛ. čhanı̄́k,
weg. čaṅaṛä́ ‘male kid’.
*chagara— ‘goat’ see chagalá—.
Addenda: *chagana—: line 3 delete Kt. čū̃ GM 22.6.71.
4964 *chajja— ‘basket’.
Pk. chajjiā— f. ‘basket or pot for flowers’; S. chaj̄u m.
‘winnowing fan’; L. chajj, (Ju.) chaj̄ m. ‘winnowing
basket’ (whence chājī m. ‘winnower’), P. chajj m.,
WPah. bhal. chaj̈j̈ n.; H. chāj m. ‘flat winnowing
basket’.
4965 *chaṭ— ‘scatter, sift’. 2. *chāṭ— [~ *chaṭṭ—, *chaṇṭ—,
*chiṭ—, *chiṭṭ—, *chitr—; — *chaṭṭa—1, *chīṭṭā—,
*jhiṭṭa—2]
1. Pk. chaḍā— f. ‘drop, lightning’ (semant. cf. Ku.
chiṭo < *chiṭṭ—); S. chaṛhaṇu ‘to husk rice in a mortar’,
P. chaṛnā; WPah. pāḍ. ċhaṛaṇ ‘to sow’, cur. chaṛnā ‘to
place, put’; Ku. chaṛṇo ‘to husk out’; N. charnu ‘to
scatter, dust, sow’, charkanu ‘to sprinkle’; B. chaṛāna
‘to scatter’; H. chaṛnā ‘to sift’; G. chaṛvũ ‘to beat,
husk rice’, chaṛɔ m. ‘a sprinkling’, chaṛakvũ ‘to sprinkle’;
M. saḍṇẽ ‘to pound and husk rice’, saḍā m. ‘sprinkling of
thin cowdung wash’, saḍakṇẽ ‘to pelt, agitate violently,
sift’.
2. K. ċhārun ‘to scatter, let go, rummage, seek for’;
S. chāṛhu m. ‘rice—pounder’; Ku. bau—chāṛ ‘wind-
driven drops of rain’.
*ācchaṭ—, *ucchaṭ—, *pracchaṭ—, *vicchaṭ—.
Addenda: *chaṭ—: WPah.kṭg. ċhɔ́ṛnõ; ‘to pound (corn or rice)’, J.
chaṛnu.
4966 *chaṭa— ‘stick, cane’. 2. *chaṭṭa—
2. 3. *chiṭṭa—.
1. S. chaṛaha f. ‘thin pole’, °hī ‘walking-stick’; L.
chaṛī f. ‘rod, switch’ (→ K. chīrü
f. ‘switch’); P. chaṛ f.
‘bamboo spear—shaft’, °ṛī f. ‘stick, cane’, Ku. chaṛ ‘shoot’,
°ṛī ‘stick’; A. sari ‘bamboo punting pole’; B. chaṛ ‘spear-
shaft’, °ṛī ‘switch, cane’; Or. chaṛa ‘spear—shaft’, °ṛī
‘switch, cane’; H. chaṛī f. ‘stick, rod, whip’ (→ Bi. chaṛī
‘thin stick’, N. chaṛi); G. chaṛ m. ‘reed, bamboo, spear-
shaft’, °ṛī f. ‘switch, cane’; M. saḍ m. ‘piece of stubble,
stump of sugarcane’, °ḍī f. ‘splinter, piece of stubble’.
2. P. chaṭī f. ‘stick’; B. chāṭ ‘thin stick or cane’; Or.
chāṭa ‘switch’; M. sāṭ m. ‘framework of slit bamboos,
lathes over rafters’ → G. sāṭɔ m. ‘framework of carriage’.
3. P. chiṭī f. ‘cane’; N. chiṭi ‘basket’; A. siṭikā ‘piece
of split bamboo’; B. chiṭkani ‘thin bamboo rod’; Or.
chiṭikiṇi ‘pellet—bow’; H. chiṭkanī f. ‘bolt’.
Addenda: *chaṭa— [~ Drav. DED 1899 — see saṭṭa—2]
1. S.kcch. chaṛī f. ‘a cane’; WPah.kṭg. ċhɔṛɔ (ɔ́?) m.
‘stick, rib’, ċhɔ́ṛi
f. ‘stick, symbol like a stick carried
before an idol in procession’; J. chaṛi f. ‘gold— or
silver—mounted stick kept by a gatekeeper’; Garh.
chaṛ ‘iron bar’.
3. *chiṭṭa—: WPah.kṭg. ċhíṭṭɔ ‘lopped bare branch’.
4968 *chaṭṭ— ‘scatter’. [See *chaṭ—]
Pk. chaṭṭā— f. ‘drop (of water &c.)’; Ash. čaṭā́— ‘to
throw’; Paš. čaṭ— ‘to scatter’; K. ċhaṭun ‘to shake up and
down, winnow’; L. chaṭṭaṇ ‘to scatter (seed)’; P.
chaṭṭṇā ‘to winnow’ (whence chaṭṇā ‘to be selected’);
WPah. bhal. ċhaṭṭnū ‘to winnow grain (with winnowing
basket)’; N. chaṛkanu ‘to run away’; A. sāṭ ‘splash’,
sāṭi ‘a quantity of seed or liquid thrown broadcast’,
saṭiyāiba ‘to scatter, sprinkle’; B. chāṭā ‘to plaster a
mud wall thickly’, chaṭkāna ‘to scatter’; Or. chāṭa
‘slanting rain’; H. chaṭaknā ‘to be scattered’; G.
chaṭakvũ ‘to slip off’; M. sāṭā m. ‘sprinkling of flour’,
saṭakṇẽ ‘to slip off’.
*apacchaṭṭ—, *pracchaṭṭ—.
Addenda: *chaṭṭ—: WPah.kṭg. ċháṭṇõ; ‘to whitewash’.
4969 *chaṭṭa—
1 ‘sudden movement’. [Cf. *chaṭṭ—, *chaṭ—]
K. ċhaṭh, dat. °ṭi f. ‘windstorm’; S. chaṭo m. ‘stroke
of wind which causes madness’; N. chaṭāunu ‘to be
mad’, chaṭāhā ‘mad’, chaṭṭai ‘quickly’, chaṭpaṭi ‘restless-
ness’; A. sāṭā ‘dazzling light’; B. chaṭpaṭ ‘restlessness’;
Or. chaṭapaṭa ‘restless’; H. chaṭpaṭī f. ‘restlessness’;
G. chaṭel ‘running wild’.
*chaṭṭa—
2 ‘thin stick’ see *chaṭa—.
4970 *chaṇṭ— ‘scatter’. [See *chaṭ—; — → Psht. ċandƏl ‘to
clean by shaking’; but cf. Pahl. čandēnīdan, Bal. čandag
‘to stir, shake’, Orm. ċwan— ‘to shake out dust from
clothes’ IIFL i 391]
Pk. chaṁṭa— m. ‘drop’, chaṁṭaï ‘sprinkles’; K.
ċhā̃ḍun ‘to rummage, seek for’; S. chaṇḍaṇu ‘to separate
dirt and tares from grain by sifting, sprinkle, dust’,
chaṇḍo m. ‘sprinkle’, chaṇḍko m. ‘dusting’; L. chaṇḍkaṇ
‘to shake (e.g. a carpet)’; P. chaṇḍṇā ‘to sift’; Bi. chā̃ṭab
‘to beat (clothes in washing), tread out grain’; Aw. lakh.
chā̃ṭab ‘to wash’; H. chā̃ṭnā ‘to knock off, sift, select’
(→Ku. chā̃ṭṇo ‘to scatter, choose’, N. chā̃ṭnu ‘to select’);
G. chā̃ṭvũ ‘to sprinkle’, chā̃ṭɔ m. ‘drop’.
*pracchaṇṭ—.
Addenda: *chaṇṭ—: S.kcch. chaṇḍhṇū ‘to sprinkle’.
4973 *chattra—
2 ‘young animal’.
S. chaṭru m. ‘six year old camel’; L. chatar, (Ju.) chatr
m.f. ‘camel up to four years old’, chattrā m. ‘ram’, °rī f.
‘ewe’; P. chattrā m. ‘ram’; — L. chatrarā m. ‘ram over
one year old’; N. chatauro ‘large male lamb’, °rī ‘ewe
lamb not yet parturient’.
4984 *chandati ‘binds’. 2. *chanda—
3 ‘bond’. 3. *chan-
dana— ‘binding’.
1. N. chā̃dnu ‘to bind, hobble’; A. sāndiba ‘to tie’,
B. chā̃dā; Or. chandibā ‘to join together’; H. chā̃dnā
‘to tie’.
2. N. B. chā̃d ‘tether’; Or. chandā ‘tie, bond’; Bi.
chā̃d, chān ‘hobble for cattle’; Mth. chān ‘fetter, hobble’;
H. chā̃d f. ‘tether’.
3. A. sāndni ‘loop for feet in climbing trees’; Or.
chandaṇi ‘tether for cows’.
*chandana— ‘binding’ see prec.
4990 *channa—
2 ‘jingle’. [Cf. chanacchaniti ‘sizzlingly’ Amar.]
P. chanchan f. ‘jingling’, N. chanchan, °ni, chan-
chanāunu ‘to jingle’; B. chanchan ‘sound of urinating’;
Or. chanchan ‘unsteady’; H. chanchan m., chanchanānā
‘to jingle’.
4994 *
chapp— ‘press, cover, hide’. 2. *
chipp—. [Cf. *
capp-
and *
cipp— and *
chupp—; further
chimpikā— f. ‘dyer’,
Pk.
chiṁpaya— m. ‘cloth—printer’]
1. K.
ċhapun ‘to be hidden’; S.
chapaṇu ‘to lie hid’;
L. (Ju.)
chapaṇ ‘to be hidden’, awāṇ.
chappuṇ, P.
chapṇā; Ku.
chāp ‘seal, stamp’; N.
chāpnu ‘to cover,
impress, print’; A.
sāpiba ‘to squeeze, impress, print’;
B.
chāpā ‘to be concealed, print’; Or.
chāpibā ‘to imprint’;
Mth.
chapab ‘to hide oneself’,
chapāeb ‘to cover’,
chapā
‘impression, seal’; OAw.
chapaï ‘is hidden’,
chāpaï
‘impresses’; H.
chāpnā ‘to print’ (→ P.
chāpṇā, S.
chāpaṇu), G.
chāpvũ.
2. K.
ċhiph, dat.
°pi f. ‘hiding’; P.
chipṇā ‘to be hid-
den’; Ku.
chipṇo ‘to vanish’, tr. ‘to hide’; N.
chipnu ‘to
print cloth’,
chipāunu ‘to hide’; A.
sipāiba ‘to pre-
varicate’; OAw.
chīpaï ‘is hidden’; H.
chīpnā ‘to print
cloth’,
chipnā ‘to be hidden’,
chipānā ‘to hide’; OMarw.
chipāvaï ‘hides’; G.
chīpvũ ‘to be quenched’,
chīpɔ m.
‘calico printer’.
Addenda: *
chapp—. 1. WPah.poet.
ċhapo m. ‘stamp, hallmark’;
kṭg.
ċhƏpauṇõ;, °
p
e
uṇõ; ‘to conceal’, J.
chapṇu intr. ‘to
hide’.
4995 *CHAMBH ‘be firm’. [< IE. *sqembh— ~ skabhnā́ti
‘makes firm’ as in Av. fra—scimbana— ~ fra—skƏmba—]
*chambhayati; *ācchabhita—, *ācchambha—,
*ācchambhati.
4997 *chamma— ‘jingle, sizzle, sparkle’. [Cf. chamaccha-
mita— n. ‘crackling’ MārkP.]
P. chamakṇā ‘to fry’; N. chamchamnu ‘to tinkle’,
chamkanu ‘to sprinkle, flash, be insolent’; B. chamcham
‘startling’; H. chamchamānā ‘to tinkle’; G. chamcham
‘jingling, simmering’, chamakvũ ‘to jingle, walk with
airs’; M. samsam f. ‘harassing care’.
5002 *chala—
2 ‘splash’. 2. *chalakka—. 3. *challa—.
4. *challakka—.
1. S. chara f. ‘flood’ (or < *kṣarā—); WPah. ċhalnu ‘to
churn (e.g. whey)’; N. chalchali mutnu ‘to micturate
through fear’; M. saḷṇẽ ‘to boil up’.
2. P. chalaknā ‘to be spilt’; N. chalakka ‘splashingly’,
chalkanu ‘to plash, fluctuate’, chachalkinu ‘to be shaken
up in a bottle’; H. chalaknā ‘to be spilt’; G. chaḷkɔ m.
‘splash’.
3. K. ċhāl f. ‘jump’; L. P. chall f. ‘overflowing of
water, very heavy rain’; Ku. chalār ‘wave’, N. chāl; H.
chāl f. ‘spray, wave’; — Si. älla ‘waterfall, rapids’?
4. S. chalko m. ‘shower of rain’; G. chālak f. ‘wave’,
chalkāvũ ‘to be spilt’.
*chalakka— ‘splash’ see prec.
Addenda: *chala—
2. 2. *chalakka—: WPah.kṭg. chɔ́lkƏṇõ;, chɔ́lƏkṇõ;
intr. ‘to splash’ (with ch and —l— ← H. or P.).
5. †;*chāla—: WPah.kṭg. ċhā́ḷ f. (obl. —
i
) ‘jump, leap’
Him.I 65 — or < *ut—śāla—, but if so, why not
*śwāḷ?
*chalakka— see *chala—2 Add2.
5007 *chākana— ‘made of dung’, chāgaṇa— m. ‘fire of dried
cowdung’ lex. [*chakana—]
Pk. chāṇa— n., °ṇī— f. ‘cowdung’; L. chāṇā, (Ju.) chānā
m. ‘fine pulverized manure’; P. chāṇā m. ‘cowdung’; -
G. chāṇ n. ‘cow or buffalo dung’, chāṇũ n. ‘cowdung
cake’ or < *chakana—.
5008 *chākara— ‘made of dung’. [*chakara—]
M. sāraviṇẽ ‘to smear with cowdung’ or < *śākara—.
chā́ga— m. ‘he—goat’ RV. [See chaga—]
*chāgya—.
chāgaṇa— see *chākana—.
*chāgana— ‘goat’ see *chagana—.
5012 *chācchī ‘buttermilk’. 2. *chāśī—. [chacchikā— f.
Bhpr.]
1. S. chāchī f.; Ku. chā̃c(h) ‘whey’, chā̃cṛo ‘rice and
whey boiled together’; Mth. chā̃chī ‘earthen pot in
which milk is curdled’; OAw. chāchī ‘whey’; H.
chāc(h) f. ‘buttermilk’, Marw. chāchī f.
2. Pk. chāsī— f. ‘buttermilk’, S. chāhī f., L. chā f., P.
chāh f., WPah. bhad. bhal. pāḍ. ċhāh, pan̓. cur. cam.
chāh, jaun. chāś; Ku. chā̃s, chā̃ ‘whey’; H. chāh f.
‘buttermilk’.
*chāṭ— ‘scatter’ see *chaṭ—.
Addenda: *chācchī—: S.kcch. chāy f. ‘whey, buttermilk’;
WPah.kṭg. ċhā́ f. ‘whey, curd mixed with whey’; J.
chā f. ‘watery curd’; Garh. chāc ‘buttermilk’.
5013 *chāṇṭ— ‘cut’.
L. chāṇḍaṇ ‘to lop’, B. chā̃ṭā, Or. chāṇṭibā, H. chā̃ṭnā
(→ P. chā̃ṭṇā, N. chā̃ṭnu), OMarw. chāṭaï (= chāṁṭaï?),
G. chā̃ṭvũ; — Bshk. čäṇḍ— ‘to beat’ AO xviii 230 doubts
connexion.
5014 *chātti— ‘chest, breast’.
S. P. chātī f., Ku. N. B. Or. Mth. chāti; H. chātī,
°tiyā f. ‘chest’, °tā m. ‘broad prominent chest’; Marw.
chātī, chā̃tī f. ‘chest’, G. chātī f.
Addenda: *chātti—: WPah.kṭg. ċhátti
f., kc. °te f. ‘chest, mind’.
5026 *
chāpa— ‘young one’. [
chā— m. ‘young animal’ lex. -
Relationship with
śāva— not clear though PMWS 67
makes both ← Mu.: very doubtful]
Pa.
chāpa—,
°aka— m.,
°pī— f. ‘young of an animal’, Pk.
chāva— m.; Gy. SEeur.
čhavó m. ‘boy’,
čhai f. ‘girl’, wel.
čavō m.,
čai f.; K.
ċhav m. ‘young of animal, young
shoot of plant’; N.
chāwā ‘young elephant or camel’;
A.
sāw,
sāwā ‘young of animal or bird’; MB.
chāo, B.
chā,
chā̃ ‘young of animal, infant child’; Or.
chā,
chuā
‘young of animal’; Bi.
chāwā ‘young pig’,
chāī ‘young
sow’; H.
chāwā m. ‘young of any animal, young ele-
phant of 10 to 20 years’; OG.
chāvaü m. ‘young man’; Si.
suva ‘young of animal’. — Various ext.: — —
ḍa—: Gy.
SEeur.
čhavri ‘young chicken’, wel.
čavarī f. (pal.
čmắri?); Ku.
chyauṛo ‘boy’; N.
chāuro ‘young of dog,
cat, bear, &c.’; A.
seurī ‘young female animal’; H.
chāwṛā m. ‘young of animal, tiger cub’; — —
nn—: Gy.
pal.
čṓnă m. ‘boy’,
čṓni f. ‘girl’; P.
chaunā m. ‘young of
animal, boy, dwarf’; Ku.
chauno ‘lamb, child’; A.
sānā
‘young of bird or animal’; B.
chānā ‘young of animal’;
Bi.
chaunā ‘young pig’; H.
chāwnā,
chaunā m. ‘young
of animal, boy, son’; — —
la—: A.
sawāl ‘boy, son’; B.
chāyāl ‘lad, brat’; — —
kka—: Gy. arm.
čhoki ‘daughter’
or < *
chōkka—; — —
ṇḍa— (cf. *
lavaṇḍa—): Mth.
chaũṛ
‘strong robust boy’,
chaũṛā ‘boy’; — —
ṭṭa—: WPah.
jaun.
chauṭā m.,
°ṭī f. ‘baby’.
*
chāśī— ‘buttermilk’ see *
chācchī—.
Addenda: *
chāpa—: WPah.kṭg. (Khaś tribe)
ċh
e/
i
f. ‘small girl,
younger sister’.
5034 *chicchara— ‘quarrelsome’. [Cf. chittvará— ‘hostile’
lex.?]
Ku. chicro ‘quarrelsome’; N. chicaro, chicro ‘quick-
tempered’; G. chichallũ ‘troublesome’ < °charlũ.
5035 *chiṭ— ‘sudden movement, flash, splash, scatter’.
2. *chiṭṭ—. 3. *chiṇṭ—. [Cf. *chitr— and list of similar
words under *chaṭ—]
1. K. chirkāwun ‘to sprinkle’, P. chiṛkaṇā; Mth.
chirab ‘to be scattered’; OAw. chirakaï ‘sprinkles’; H.
chiṛaknā, M. śiḍakṇẽ.
2. S. chiṭaṇu ‘to sprinkle’; P. chiṭṭ f. ‘sprinkling’;
Ku. chiṭo ‘drop of water, lightning’; N. chiṭo ‘drop’,
adj. ‘quick’, chiṭnu ‘to sprinkle’, chiṛko ‘spot’; A. siṭ
‘a splash’, siṭā ‘shot’, siṭikiba ‘to be scattered or
sprinkled’; B. chiṭā, chiṭkā ‘to scatter, sprinkle’; Or.
ch ṭā ‘drop’, chiṭāibā ‘to cause to scatter’, chiṭkibā ‘to
scatter with a jerk’; Bi. chiṭab ‘to scatter seed’; Mth.
chiṭi ‘whiplash’; OAw. chiṭakaï ‘is sprinkled’; H. chīṭā
m. ‘splash’, chiṭaknā ‘to fly back with a spring’; M.
śiṭā ‘drop of spray’, śīṭ f. ‘excrement of birds’.
3. Bi. chı̄̃ṭab ‘to scatter seed’; H. chı̄̃ṭnā ‘to scatter,
sow’; M. śı̃ṭ f. ‘drop of rain’.
*ucchiṭṭ—.
*chiṭṭ— ‘scatter’: see prec.
*chiṭṭa— ‘thin stick’ see *chaṭa—.
Addenda: *chiṭ—. 2. *chiṭṭ—: A. chiṭā (phonet. s—) ‘stain, splash’.
4. †;*chēṭ—: WPah.poet. ċheṛu m.pl. used banter-
ingly about small children, J. cheṛu ‘one who stirs’
rather than with Him.I 66 < *chēḍ—1, *chēḍ—2.
*chiṭṭ— ‘scatter’ see *chiṭ— Add2.
CHID: †;*chēdu—.
5036 *chiṭṭā— ‘spotted cloth’. [Cf. *chiṭṭ—, *chaṭ—]
Ku. chı̄̃ṭ ‘calico’, N. chiṭ, A. siṭ, B. chiṭ, Or. chiṭa, H.
chīṭ, chı̄̃ṭ f. (→ K. chiṭh, dat. °ṭi f., S. chīṭa f., P. chīṭ,
chı̄̃ṭ f.); G. chīṭ f. ‘chintz’, M. śīṭ n.
*chiṇṭ— ‘scatter’ see *chiṭ—.
5040 *
chitr— ‘scatter, sprinkle’. [Cf. *
chiṭ— and list of words
under *
chaṭ—]
Kho. (O'Brien)
čitro
g (=
čhi°?) ‘leaking’; S.
chiṭraṇu
‘to scatter, sprinkle’,
chiṭriṛo ‘thin’; P.
chitarnā ‘to be
scattered, be spread’; — ext. —
ḍ— (or —
r— in H.): N.
chitrinu ‘to be scattered’; H.
chitrānā ‘to scatter’; M.
śitaḍṇẽ ‘to fall in drops, sprinkle’.
CHID ‘cut’:
chitti—, chittvará—, chittvā́, *chidati,
chidyátē, chidrá—, chinátti, *chindati, chinná—,
*chilla—1, chḗttum, chēda—, chēdana—, chēdayati,
chēdyatē; avachinna—, *ācchindati, ācchēda—,
úcchitti—, úcchinatti, ucchinna—, ucchēdayati,
*paricchindati, paricchinna—, paricchēda—, *pra-
cchindati, pracchinna—, sáṁchinatti, samucchē da—.
5044 *chin— ‘sift, sprinkle (< sudden movement?)’. [Mean-
ing influenced by forms s.v. √*kṣan
2?]
G. chiṇvũ ‘to be sifted’; — S. chiṇkaṇu ‘to sprinkle’,
P. chiṇkaṇā; N. chinkanu ‘to sift’; H. chinaknā ‘to
winnow’; M. śiṇak f. ‘shooting pain’.
5049 *chir— ‘pierce’.
N. chirnu ‘to pierce, bore a hole’; A. siriba ‘to tear’ or
< chidrá—; M. śirṇẽ ‘to enter forcibly or suddenly’,
śirakṇẽ ‘to pierce’.
Addenda: *chir— ‘pierce’. 1. A. chiriba (phonet. s—) also ‘to be
torn’ AFD 331.
2. *chēr—: WPah.kṭg. (kc.) ċhérnõ; ‘to obsess (of a
god), to be obsessed (by a god)’ Him.I 66.
5052 *chilla—
2 ‘skin, rind’. [Perh. of similar non—Aryan
origin as challi— and *chōll— and to be separated from
verbs ‘to cut, peel’ s.v. *chilla—1]
S. chila, °lu f. ‘peel, bark, skin, shell’, chiluru m. ‘fish
scale, crust of bread’; L. chill f. ‘skin, bark, rind’,
awāṇ. chilluṛ ‘skin, peel’, P. chill, chillak f., chilkā m.;
WPah. bhal. ċhil f. ‘bark’; N. chilko ‘crust, rind,s kin of
milk’, B. Or. H. chilkā m.; H. chillaṛ m. ‘husk of
gram &c.’; Marw. chīlo m. ‘bark’; G. chileṭũ n. ‘bark,
peel’.
Addenda: *chilla—
2 [Same as *chilla—1?]
WPah.kṭg. ċhílkɔ m. ‘bark (of trees)’; J. chilṇu ‘to
bark, peel’.
5058 *chupp— ‘cover, hide’. 2. *chōpp—. [For list of poss.
enlargements of IE. *sqeu— see √sku; but cf. *chapp-
and *chipp—]
1. P. chupṇā ‘to be hidden’, H. chupnā, G. chupāvũ.
2. Ku. chopṇo ‘to conceal’; N. chopnu ‘to pounce on,
cover, hide’; H. chopnā ‘to shut, fill up’; — K. ċhŏpa f.
‘silence’ prob. onom. with *cuppa—1.
5062 *chēḍ—
1 ‘make wander’. 2. *chēl—.
1. S. cheṛaṇu ‘to put cattle out to graze’.
2. S. cheraṇu ‘to cause to wander’; N. chelnu ‘to
dispel, hide’.
*chēḍ—
2 ‘make angry’ see *ciḍ—.
5065 *ḍēhmu— ‘hornet’.
S. ḍ̱ẽbhū m. ‘a kind of wasp, hornet’; L. ḍihmū̃ m.
‘wasp’, mult. ḍēmbhū m.; P. ḍehmū, °mū̃ f. ‘yellow
hornet’; — Si. ḍebarā, de° ‘large hornet’.
5069 *chōka— ‘boy’. 2. *chōkka—. [Cf. *chōkara—]
1. Pk. chōia— m. ‘slave’; G. choṛī f. ‘girl’ (but cf. Pk.
chōḍi— f. ‘small’).
2. Gy. arm. čoki ‘girl, daughter’ or ext. of *chāpa—.
5070 *chōkara— ‘boy’. 2. *chōkhara—. 3. *chōkkara—.
[Cf. *chōka—]
1. Pk. chōyara— m. ‘boy’; N. choro ‘boy’, °ri ‘girl’, A.
sorā, H. chorā m., °rī f., G. chorɔ m., °rī f., °rũ n. ‘brat’.
2. Pk. chōhara— m. ‘boy’, S. chuharu m., °hari, °hiri f.,
L. chohur m., °hir f., awāṇ. chòr, P. chohar, °hrā m.,
°hrī f., chuhur, °rā m., H. chohrā m.
3. K. chūkur m. ‘lad’, chūkürü
f. ‘goodlooking girl’
(← Ind.); S. chokaru m. ‘boy’, °ri f. ‘girl’; P. chokrā m.
‘boy’, WPah. bhal. chokru, pl. °rā̃ n., B. chokrā m.,
chukri f., Or. chokarā m., H. chokrā (→ Mth. chokaṛā, N.
chokaṛā), °rī f., G. chokrɔ m., M. sokrā m.
*chōkka— ‘boy’ see *chōka—.
*chōkkara—, *chōkhara— ‘boy’ see *chōkara—.
Addenda: *chōkara—: WPah.kc. ċhoru m. ‘child, boy’.
5071 *chōṭṭa— ‘small’. [→ Ir. Zebaki čuṭ ‘small’ Rep1 79.
Cf. Pk. chōḍi— f. ‘small’ (< *chōṭa—?): for other poss.
connections in IA. see *culla—2]
Sh. gil. ċhŭṭŭ́ m. ‘dwarf’ (← K.?), koh. čōṭ m. ‘lie’
Morgenstierne Göteborgs Högskolas Årsskrift xli 35,
3, 37 (semant. cf. alīka— ~ N. ali ‘a little’, and similar
range of meaning in ‘defective’ word—groups, e.g.
*laṭṭa—1); K. ċhọ̆ṭu
‘short, small’, L. choṭā, P. choṭṭā,
Ku. choṭo, gng. ċhwaṭ; N. choṭo ‘small, mean’; A. soṭ
‘low—grade’, suṭā ‘deficient’; B. Or. choṭa ‘small’, Mth.
choṭ, °ṭā, Aw. lakh. choṭ, H. choṭā, G. choṭũ; Si. hoṭē
‘very small (of cocoanuts &c.)’. — Kho. (Lor.) čurtu
‘tailless’, Or. choṭā ‘lame, crippled’ < *chōrta—?
*ucchōṭṭa—.
*chōpp— ‘cover, hide’ see *chupp—.
Addenda: †;*chōṭa— ‘small’. 1. Pk. chōḍī— f. ‘small’, WPah.kc.
ċhoṛe f. ‘girl’.
2. *chōṭṭa— ‘small’: WPah.kṭg. (kc.) ċhóṭṭɔ ‘small’;
kṭg. ċhṓṭu ‘boy, son’, ċhṓṭi
‘girl, daughter’, J. chō'ṭī,
kc. ċhoṭe f. (but these are, according to Him.I 68 of
different origin from *chōṭṭa— ‘small’ as also kc.
ċhoru ‘boy, son’ poss. < *chōkhara— or
*chōkara—).
3. †;*cōṭa—
2 ‘small’: Pk. cōḍī— f. ‘small’; G. coṛī f.
‘girl’.
4. †;*cuṭṭa— ‘small’: A. cuṭi (phonet. suti) ‘dwarfish’.
— Cf. cúṇḍati, culla—2, †;cūḍa—3.
5072 *chōra— ‘orphan’. [Cf. *śō—2]
Gy. gr. čoró ‘poor, orphaned’, rum. čor— ‘to orphan’,
wel. čō̆rō ‘poor, unfortunate’; S. choro m. ‘orphan’;
L. chorā ‘orphaned’; Ku. choro ‘orphan boy’.
chōrayati see churayati.
Addenda: *chōra— [< *chōkhara— or *chōkara—?]
5073 *chōll— ‘to peel, skin’. [← Drav. T. Burrow BSOAS
xii 141, but cf. also challi— and *chilla—2]
Pk. chollaï ‘skins’; Gy. SEeur. čhol—, gr. čol— ‘to peel,
cut out’, arm. čhol— ‘to destroy’; Ku. cholṇo ‘to peel
a fruit’, gng. ċholaṇ ‘to cut’; N. lā̃ṛo cholnu ‘to mastur-
bate’; B. cholā ‘to skin’, chuli ‘skin—disease’; Or. cholā
adj. ‘having rind removed’, sb. ‘gram (husked?)’; H.
cholnā ‘to cut, peel, scrape’; G. cholvũ ‘to peel, skin’,
chol f. ‘peel, bark’; M. solṇẽ ‘to skin’, solā m. ‘shelled
pea’; — Sh. čol m. ‘skin’?
Addenda: *chōll— [MIA. ext. with —ulla— of chyáti to *chaülla-
> Pk. chollaï Burrow Tau vii]
S.kcch. cholṇū ‘to scrape’; WPah.kṭg. ċhólṇõ; ‘to
scratch, cut’.
5074 *chōhāra— ‘date palm and its fruit’.
S. chuhāro m. ‘a kind of date’; P. chuhārā m. ‘date
palm’; N. choharā, °horo ‘dried date’, A. sohārā, °horā,
B. chohārā, Or. H. chuhārā, chuā° m.
chyáti see *chidati. [√chō]
5076 *jag— ‘glitter’. [Cf. *jhakk—3]
P. jagjagāṭ, jagmag f. ‘glitter’, jagmagāuṇā ‘to glitter’,
N. jagmag, jagmagāunu; B. jagjagā ‘dazzle’; Or. jaka
‘brilliance’, jakajaka ‘dazzle’, H. jagmag f., jagjagānā.
*jagga— ‘hair’ see *jakka—.
5085 *
jañjāla— ‘worry, affairs’.
Kho. (Lor.)
ǰ
*l
nǰal ‘quarrel’; P.
jãjāl m. ‘disorder’
(→ S.
jañjā̆lu m.); Ku.
jãjāl ‘business’; N.
jañjāl
‘affairs, family, children’; B.
jañjāl ‘disorder, rubbish’,
Or.
jañjāḷa; Mth.
jãjāl ‘trouble’; H.
jañjāl m. ‘worries’;
G.
jãjāḷ m. ‘disorder’, M.
j̈ãj̈āḷ m.
5089 *jaṭṭa—
2 ‘name of a tribe or people’. [Cf. jartika— m.
‘name of a people’ MBh.]
Gy. as. zatt, (Firdausi) zott ‘gypsies of Arabia and
Syria’; S. jaṭu m. ‘Sindhi peasant, Musulman’; L. P.
jaṭṭ m., jaṭṭī f. ‘a Jāṭ’, H. jāṭ m.
5091 *jaḍati ‘joins, sets’. 2. *jāḍa— ‘joining, pair’. [← Drav.
LM 333]
1. Pk. jaḍia— ‘set (of jewels), joined’; K. jarun ‘to set
jewels’ (← Ind.); S. jaṛaṇu ‘to join, rivet, set’, jaṛa f.
‘rivet, boundary between two fields’; P. jaṛāuṇā ‘to have
fastened or set’; A. zarāiba ‘to collect’; B. jaṛāna ‘to
set jewels, wrap round, entangle’, jaṛ ‘heaped together’;
Or. jaṛibā ‘to unite’; OAw. jaraï ‘sets jewels, bedecks’;
H. jaṛnā ‘to join, stick in, set’ (→ N. jaṛnu ‘to set, be
set’); OMarw. jaṛāū ‘inlaid’; G. jaṛvũ ‘to join, meet
with, set jewels’; M. j̈aḍṇẽ ‘to join, connect, inlay, be
firmly established’, j̈aṭṇẽ ‘to combine, confederate’.
2. S. jāṛo m. ‘twin’, L. P. jāṛā m.; M. j̈āḍī f. ‘a double
yoke’.
*jaḍḍa—, jáḍhu— ‘dull, cold’ see jaḍa—.
Addenda: *jaḍati [Burrow Shwa 63 yátatē ‘places himself in
the right position’ RV. with spontaneous cerebraliza-
tion > *yaṭati > Pk. jaḍaï whence Sk. jaḍita-
‘studded with jewels’. According to Burrow < IE.
*yéteti ‘fixes’, Toch. yā̆t— ‘to decorate’, yatwe ‘decora-
tion’; see also yātyatē Add2]
5092 *jaṇṭa— ‘a kind of tree’.
L. P. jaṇḍ m. ‘Prosopis spicigera’, jaṇḍī f. ‘a small
variety’; H. jā̃ṭ m. ‘P. spicigera’.
5095 *jatta— ‘hair’. 2. *jatra—. 3. *jacca—. [For list of
poss. connected words see jáṭā—]
1. Ḍ. ǰāt ‘hair of head’; Sh. gil. (Lor.) ǰat ‘hair of
animals’; S. j̄ati f. ‘soft downy hair’; L. jatt, (Ju.) j̄at f.
‘goat's or camel's hair, sheep's wool, short hair on
body’, awāṇ. jat ‘goat's hair’; WPah. bhal. j̈at f. ‘hair’.
2. Tor. ǰaṣ ‘goat's hair’ < *ǰac̣?
3. Kal. ǰäč ‘goat's hair’, Kho. zoč; Woṭ. zas ‘hair’
< *zaċ?
*jatra— ‘hair’ see prec.
Addenda: *jatta—, cf. jarta— ‘hairy’ Candra Uṇ.
5097 *jadas— ‘vulva’. [Cf. Av. zadah— ‘podex’]
Pr. zúlu ‘vulva’.
JAN ‘be born’: ja—, jána—, janana—, jananī—, janáyati,
jáni—, janita—, janítra—, janitrī—, jániman—, janús—,
*janti—, jantú—, *jantra—, jánman—, jánya—, janyatē,
jā́—, jātá—, jāti—, *jātiya—, jā́tya—, *jānayati, jāni—,
jānya—, jā́yatē, jāyā́—, jñātí—1, jñātitva—, *jñātra—;
ā́jāyatē, újjāyatē, nijá—, prajana—, prájanayati,
prájāta—, prájāyatē, *vijanā—, *vijanati, vijanman—,
vijāta—, *vijātra—, víjāyatē.
Addenda: *jadas—: delete entry (see Add. 14514).
JAN: †;*jn̄a—2.
5122 *japp— ‘to squeeze, press’. [Cf. *capp—]
Pa. jappā— f. ‘attachment, lust’, jappati ‘longs for’
(= pajappā—, pajappati); B. jāpṭā ‘to hold tight, em-
brace’; Or. jāpibā ‘to press, squeeze’, jāpaṭibā ‘to hold
tight’; Si. dapa ‘sexual union’.
5124 *
jabbu— ‘network muzzle’.
WPah. bhiḍ.
j̈
e
bõ;, pl. —
u n. ‘muzzle for cattle’; N.
jābi ‘network muzzle’, Bi.
jāb,
jābā ‘id.’,
jabrā ‘small
grain store’ (semant. cf.
vakṣaskāra— in Bi.), Mth.
jābī,
H.
jāb m.,
jābī f.; — P.
jhābū m. ‘muzzle for horse or
ox’,
chābbū m. ‘id., small basket’.
JABH ‘bite’:
jábhatē, jámbha—, jámbhatē.
Addenda: *
jabbu— see
chádman— Add
2.
5140 *jamm— ‘be bright’. [Cf. *jhamm—3]
N. jamkanu ‘to look bright’; B. H. jamak f. ‘brilliance’;
B. jamakā ‘to be bright, flourish’, H. jamaknā ‘to be
bright’.
Addenda: *jamm—: WPah.kṭg. jamṇõ; ‘to be hot, get enraged, (of
ear) experience a burning sensation’ (lw. with j—? -
but cf. jhamm—4), j̈Əmauṇõ; ‘to kindle’.
5232 *jījja— ‘nursery word for breast, mother, sister, relative’.
[Cf. *diddā—]
Paš. lauṛ. ǰīǰı̄́ ‘elder sister’, ar. ǰíǰi ‘husband's brother's
wife’; S. jījā, jījī ‘affectionate term for mother, aunt, &c.’,
jījali ‘do. for mother’; P. jījjā, jījā m. ‘sister's husband,
child, bridegroom’, jījī f. ‘woman's breast for suckling,
girl, bride’, ḍog. j̈īj̈ā m. ‘sister's husband’; N. jiju
‘great—grandfather’; Or. jeji ‘grandfather, grandmother’;
H. jījī, jijjī, jijī, jijiyā f. ‘breast, elder sister, wet—nurse’,
jījā m. ‘sister's husband’; G. jijī f. ‘mother’, jījī—mā f.
‘grandmother’, jījɔ m. ‘grandfather’, jījī—bā f. ‘husband's
sister’; M. jijī f. ‘elder sister’.
5254 *juṅgha— ‘beard, moustache’. 2. *cuṅgha—. [Cf.
*phuṅgha—. — ← Drav. cf. Kan. juṅgu ‘pubic hair’?]
1. Ku. jūṅā ‘moustache’, N. jũghā, juṅā.
2. Kal. rumb. čuṅ ‘beard’.
*juṇṭa— ‘hair’ see jūṭa—.
*juvāla— ‘flame’ see jvālá—.
JUṢ ‘enjoy’: juṣṭá—1, júṣṭi—, jṓṣati, jṓṣṭr̥—; *ājuṣṭa—.
5269 *jēmanakāri— ‘making a meal’. [jēmana—, kāri—]
Ku. jyūṇār ‘feast’, N. jiunār, OAw. jevanāra f., H.
jewnār, jionār, jaunār f., jẽwnārā m.
5270 *jēmanapattra— ‘leaf used for eating off’. [jēmana—,
páttra—]
M. jevaṇvat n.
*jōkkā—, *jōṅkā— ‘leech’ see jalūkā—.
5316 *jhakk—
1 ‘sudden movement or blast’. 2. *jhakkōl—.
[Cf. Sk. jhag—iti ‘suddenly’ S. M. Katre Calcutta
Oriental Journal i 100]
1. S. jhaka f. ‘storm of wind’; P. jhakk m. ‘dust-
storm’, jhakk(h)aṛ m. ‘squall’, jhakṇā ‘to be passionate’;
Ku. jhā̃ko ‘fit of anger, epilepsy’; N. jhāk—jhuk ‘acci-
dent’; A. zãk ‘sudden fit of anger’; B. jhā̃kan ‘jerking,
passionate reproof’; Or. jhā̃ka ‘fit of rage’; H. jhakkaṛ
‘sudden blast’ (→ N. jhakkaṛ ‘storm’); — L. jhakkaṇ ‘to
shrink back, be afraid’; N. jhakjhakāunu ‘to jog’.
2. S. jhakora f. ‘downpour of rain’; P. jhakolṇā ‘to
shake’, H. jhakolnā, jhakornā; G. jhakoḷ f. ‘rainstorm’.
Addenda: *jhakk—1: Ko. j̈hāṅki ‘ribald speech’.
5317 *jhakk—
2 ‘cover’. [Cf. *jhakk—1 and similar range of
meaning between *jhapp—1, *jhamp—1 and *jhapp—2,
*jhamp—2]
Bi. jhaknā ‘cover of a grain pot’; M. j̈hākṇẽ ‘to cover’.
5318 *jhakk—
3 ‘flash, shine’. 2. *jhaṅk—
2. 3. *jhagg—.
[Same as *jhakk—1? — Cf. jhagajhagāyatē ‘flashes’
DevīP.]
1. N. jhak—jhak ‘splendour’, jhakkalo ‘showy’,
jhaka—makka ‘shining’; A. zak—mak ‘brightness’, B.
jhak—jhak, —mak; Or. jhaka ‘glitter’, jhak—jhak ‘bright-
ness’, jhakamaki ‘flint stone’; H. jhak ‘bright’, jhak—jhak
‘splendour’; M. j̈hakṇẽ ‘to be dazzled’, j̈hak—mag f.
‘brilliance’.
2. Pk. jhaṁkaï ‘is burnt’; K. zongu
m. ‘fire, esp. a
great blaze’; A. zãk—zãk ‘glittering’.
3. S. jhaǥi—maǥi f. ‘brightness’; G. jhag—jhag, —mag
‘brightly’; M. j̈hag—j̈hag f. ‘brilliance’; — cf. Pk. jaga-
jagaṁta— ‘shining’.
Addenda: *jhakk—
3. 3. *jhagg—: Ko. j̈hagj̈hagi ‘shining, polished’.
*jhakk—
5 ‘clump’ see *jhaṅk—1. Add2.
5319 *jhakk—
4 ‘obstinacy’.
P. jhakk m. ‘doubt’; N. jhakki ‘intolerant of in-
justice’, jhakkaṛ ‘obstinate person’; H. jhakkī, °kaṛ
‘stubborn’, M. j̈hakkaḍ.
*jhakk—
5 ‘clump’ see *jhaṅk—1.
*jhakkā— ‘froth’ see *jhaggā—.
5320 *jhakkh— ‘babble’. [Onom.?]
Pk. jhakkhia— n. ‘reproach’, jhaṁkhaï ‘babbles, re-
proaches’; S. jhakaṇu ‘to chatter, gabble’.
jhagajhagāyatē see *jhakk—3.
5321 *jhagaḍ— ‘quarrel’. 2. *jhaggaḍ—. 3. *jhaggaṭṭ—.
1. Pk. jhagaḍa— m. ‘quarrel’ (cf. jagaḍaṁta— ‘quarrel-
ling’); S. jheṛo m. ‘quarrel’, L. P. jheṛā m.; L. jheṛaṇ ‘to
quarrel’.
2. S. jhaǥiṛo m. ‘quarrel’, jhaǥiṛaṇu ‘to quarrel’, L.
jhagṛaṇ, P. jhagṛā m., jhagaṛṇā, WPah. pan̓. jhagaṛṇā,
Ku. jhagṛo, N. jhagrā—sagrā, jhagranu, B. jhagṛā, Or.
jhagaṛā, H. jhagṛā m., jhagaṛnā, Marw. jhagṛo, G.
jhagṛɔ, jhaghṛɔ m., jhaghaṛvũ, M. j̈hagḍā m., j̈hagaḍṇẽ.
3. M. j̈hagaṭṇẽ ‘to collide with, seize violently’.
*jhaggaṭṭ—, *jhaggaḍ— ‘quarrel’ see prec.
Addenda: *jhagaḍ—. 2. *jhaggaḍ—: S.kcch. jaghaṛṇū ‘to quarrel’;
WPah.kc. j̈hɔgṛo m. ‘quarrel’ prob. ← H. (Him.I 77).
*jhagg— ‘shine’ see *jhakk—3.
*jhaggaḍ— ‘quarrel’ see *jhagaḍ— Add2.
5322 *jhaggā— ‘froth, scum’. 2. *jhakkā—.
1. S. jhaǥa f. ‘froth, scum, suds’; L. jhagg, f. ‘foam’,
(Ju.) jhaǥ f. ‘foam, saliva’, jhaǥaṇ ‘to churn’, jhaǥǥā m.
‘small churning stick’; P. jhagg f. ‘foam, froth, scum’;
H. jhāg f. ‘froth, scum’.
2. A. zāki ‘the frothing of boiling sugar—cane juice’.
5323 *jhaṅk—
1 ‘clump, cluster’. 2. *jhaṅkh—
2. 3. *jhakk—
5.
[In meaning ‘hair’ cf. *jakka—]
1. S. jhaṅgu m. ‘jungle’, L. P. jhaṅg m. ‘thicket’; N.
jāṅ ‘clump’; B. jhā̃k ‘flock’; Or. jhāṅka ‘flock’, jhāṅkaṛā
‘bushy’; H. jhā̃k m. ‘flock’; M. j̈hā̃kar n. ‘thick bush’.
2. Pk. jhaṁkhara— m. ‘dry tree’; Mth. jhā̃khī, °khaṛ
‘bush’; G. jhā̃khrũ n. ‘a prickly shrub with few leaves’.
3. Phal. ǰhakuṭo ‘woman's hair’; N. jhā̃kro ‘hair
allowed to grow long and left uncombed’; A. zāk
‘crowd’; M. j̈hāk f. ‘flock’.
*jhaṅk—
2 ‘flash’ see *jhakk—3.
Addenda: *jhaṅk—
1. 2. *jhakk—5: WPah.kṭg. j̈hàkkƏṛ, j̈hàkṛɔ m.
‘shrub, bush’, J. jhākhṛ m.
5325 *jhaṅkh—
1 ‘peep’.
Ku. jhā̃kṇo ‘to peep at’, N. jhā̃knu, Or. jhāṅkibā;
Mth. jhā̃kī ‘act of peeping’; Bhoj. jhā̃kal ‘to peep at’,
H. jhā̃khnā (→ P. jhākṇā), OMarw. jhākaï, G. jhā̃khvũ,
jā̃° (also dhā̃khvũ).
*jhaṅkh—
2 ‘clump’ see *jhaṅk—1.
5327 *jhaṭ— ‘sudden movement’. 2. *jhaṭṭ—. 3. *jhaṇṭ—.
4. *jhiṭṭ—. [Cf. jhaṭiti ‘instantly’ Bhartr̥. Further poss.
conn. *jhaṭati]
1. Pk. jhaḍitti, °ḍatti ‘suddenly’; N. jharra ‘in a flash’;
B. jhaṛājhaṛ ‘very quickly’, M. j̈haḍj̈haḍ. — Ext. —kk—:
N. jharko ‘anger’, jharkanu ‘to be irritable’; A. zarak
‘rustling noise’; H. jhaṛāk m. ‘swiftness’; G. jhaṛak f.
‘swoop, leap’, jhaṛākɔ m. ‘sudden smart blow’; M.
j̈haḍakṇẽ ‘to start’, j̈haḍākā m. ‘smart blow’; — —pp—:
S. jhaṛpa f. ‘stroke (of wind, sun or fate)’, jhaṛpaṇu ‘to
strike (of wind &c.)’; H. jhaṛap f. ‘fight’, jhaṛapnā ‘to
fight’; G. jhaṛap f. ‘scuffling’, jhaṛapvũ ‘to snatch’; M.
j̈haḍap f. ‘swoop’, j̈haḍapṇẽ ‘to swoop upon, fan’,
j̈haḍpaṇ n. ‘flap, fan, shutter, lid’.
2. Paš. ǰaṭ— ‘to strike down, crack (a nut)’; S. jhaṭu
m. ‘snatch’, jhaṭaṇu ‘to snatch at’; L. jhaṭṭ f. ‘snatch’,
(Ju.) jhaṭ m. ‘a moment’, adv. ‘suddenly’; P. jhaṭṭ m. ‘a
moment, haste, snatch’, jhaṭṭ—paṭṭ ‘in a moment’; Ku.
jhaṭ—paṭ ‘quickly’, N. jhaṭṭa, jhaṭṭa—paṭṭa, A. zaṭo-
paṭokai, B. jhaṭ, jhaṭ—phaṭ, Or. jhaṭ; Bi. jaṭāhab ‘to knock
fruit down by throwing a stick at it’; Mth. jhaṭā ‘quickly’,
Aw. lakh. H. G. jhaṭ; M. j̈haṭṇẽ ‘to collide violently’,
j̈haṭ—j̈haṭ ‘smartly’. — Ext. —kk—: S. jhaṭko m. ‘snatch,
shower of rain’; P. jhaṭkā m. ‘jerk’, jhaṭakṇā ‘to jerk’,
N. jhaṛko, jhaṛkanu; B. jhaṭkā ‘blast of wind’, jhaṭkāna
‘to flap’; Or. jhaṭikā ‘strong wind’; H. jhaṭkā m. ‘jerk’,
jhaṭaknā ‘to jerk’, G. jhāṭkɔ m., jhāṭakvũ, M. j̈haṭkā m.,
j̈haṭakṇẽ.
3. Mth. jhā̃ṭab ‘to beat (ears of corn to extract the
grain)’.
4. Bi. jhiṭṭī ‘whiplash’.
Addenda: *jhaṭ—. 2. *jhaṭṭ—: S.kcch. jaṭṇū ‘to snatch’, jaṭko m.
‘blow’; WPah.kṭg. j̈hɔṭ ‘suddenly’.
5. †;*jhiṭ—: WPah.kc. jhiṛno ‘to pull’; J. jhiṛṇu ‘to
drag, draw’; kṭg. j̈hìṛkṇõ; ‘to interrupt (sleep)
suddenly’; J. jhiṛkṇu ‘to scold’; H. jhiṛaknā ‘to shake,
scold’.
5328 *jhaṭati ‘falls’. 2. *jhāṭayati ‘shakes down’. [Conn.
*jhaṭ—? Or, since it collides in mng. with *jharati
1,
< *jhr̥ta— pp. of √*jhar?]
1. Pk. jhaḍaï ‘hastens, makes fall’; Paš. ǰaṛ— ‘to fall
off’; L. jhaṛaṇ ‘to drip, ooze’, awāṇ. jhaṛuṇ ‘to fall’; P.
jhaṛṇā ‘to fall off, be shaken off, be emitted (of semen)’;
WPah. cur. jhaṛnū ‘to fall’, khaś. j̈haṛ—; Ku. jhaṛṇo ‘to
drop down’, N. jharnu ‘to fall’ (or < *jharati
1); Or.
jhaṛibā ‘to fall’, H. jhaṛnā; M. j̈haḍṇẽ ‘to be shed or cast
(of leaves &c.)’. — Ext. —kk(h)—: H. jhaṛaknā, jhiṛ° ‘to
shake’; Mth. jharkhāeb ‘to shake (fruit from a tree)’; -
Bi. jharjharāeb.
2. Pk. jhāḍaṇa— n. ‘sweeping’; Paš. ǰāṛ— ‘to shake
down’; Kho. žāḷ ‘splashing (of water)’; S. jhāṛaṇu ‘to
exorcize’; L. jhāṛaṇ ‘to thresh, sweep’, awāṇ. jhāṛuṇ ‘to
dust’; P. jhāṛṇā ‘to shake off, thresh, sweep’; WPah.
pāḍ. jhāṛaṇ ‘to fall’; Ku. jhāṛṇo ‘to shake off, sweep’;
N. jhārnu ‘to put down’ (or < *jhārayati), jhārinu ‘to
be shaken off’; A. zāriba ‘to winnow, exorcize’; B.
jhāṛā ‘to shake off, thresh, exorcize’, Or. jhāṛibā; Bi.
jhārab ‘to beat (heads of corn to extract grain)’, Mth.
jhārab ‘to sweep’; H. jhāṛnā ‘to shake off, strain’;
Marw. jhāṛṇo ‘to sweep’; G. jhāṛvũ ‘to shake, sift’;
M. j̈hāḍṇẽ ‘to shake, flap, sweep, exorcize’.
*jhaṭṭ— ‘sudden movement’ see *jhaṭ—.
Addenda: *jhaṭati. 1. WPah.J. jhaṛnu ‘to fall’; Garh. jhaṛnu ‘to
drop down’.
2. *jhāṭayati: WPah.poet. j̈haṛno ‘to cut (e.g.
branches off a tree)’; P. jhāṛnā ‘to trim trees’.
*jhaṭṭ— ‘sudden movement’ see *jhaṭ— Add2.
5329 *jhaḍī— ‘rainstorm’. [LM 337 ← Drav. (Kan. jaḍi,
jiḍi ‘fine continuous rain’: note also meaning ‘rain-
storm’ under *jhaṭṭ—, *jhakk—1, *jhapp—1]
Pk. jhaḍī— f. ‘continuous rain’; S. jhaṛī f. ‘continued
rain or wind’; L. jhaṛ m. ‘large cloud’, jhaṛī f. ‘moderate
rain’; P. jhaṛ m. ‘clouds covering sky, heavy rain’,
jhaṛī f. ‘continued rain’; WPah. cur. cam. jhaṛī ‘rain’;
Ku. jhaṛī ‘incessant rain’; N. jhari ‘showers’; A. zari
‘continuous rain for several days’; B. jhaṛ, °ṛi ‘storm,
high wind’; Or. jhaṛa, °ṛī ‘continuous wind and rain’;
H. jhaṛī f. ‘showers’; Marw. G. jhaṛī f. ‘continuous
heavy rain’; M. j̈haḍ, °ḍī f. ‘long continued rain’. — Cf.
S. jhuṛu m. ‘heavy clouds’, °ṛī f. ‘rainy weather’.
JHAṆ ‘tinkle’: jhaṅkāra—, jhaṇajhaṇāyatē, *jha-
ṇatka—, jhaṇatkāra—, *jhaṇikā—, *jhāṇayati.
Addenda: *jhaḍī—: WPah.poet. j̈Əṛaṇe ‘in the rainy season’; J.
jhaṛ m.pl. ‘continued rain’; A. spel. jaṛi.
5333 *jhaṇikā— ‘tinkling’. [√jhaṇ]
Gy. gr. čeni, wel. šenī, šanī f. ‘bracelet, necklace’, as.
ǰeni ‘bracelet’.
*jhaṇṭ— ‘sudden movement’ see *jhaṭ—.
5334 *
jhaṇṭa— ‘hair’. 2. *
jhāṭṭha—. 3. *
jhiṇṭa—. [Cf.
*
jhuṇṭa—
2, and for list see
jáṭā—]
1. Pk.
jhaṁṭī— f. ‘small bunch of hair’; S.
jhaṇḍi f.
‘first hair on a child's head’, L. P.
jhaṇḍ f.; A.
zãṭ
‘matted hair’; B.
jhā̃ṭ ‘pubic hair’; Or.
jhaṇṭi ‘little tuft
of hair on head’; Mth.
jhā̃ṭi ‘pubic hair’, H.
jhā̃ṭ f.
(→ S.
jhā̃ṭa f., P.
jhā̃ṭ(
h) f., Ku.
jhā̃ṭ f., N.
jā̃ṭhā), G.
jhā̃ṭũ n.; M.
j̈hā̃ṭ f. ‘matted tress’, m. ‘pubic hair’; Ko.
jhāṇṭi ‘lock of combed out hair’.
2. Sv.
žāṭ ‘hair’; Phal.
ǰhāṭ ‘goat's hair’,
ǰhēeṭi ‘mane’;
Sh. pales.
žaṭh, jij.
žäṭ ‘goat's hair’; K.
zaṭh, dat.
°ṭi f.
‘clotted lump of hair on head, hair combings’; P.
jhāṭṭā m. ‘woman's long hair’.
3. S.
jhiṇḍā m. pl. ‘short hair of an infant’,
jhiṇḍūlo
‘whose hair is allowed to grow’. — See
jhiṇṭikā—.
Addenda: *
jhaṇṭa—. 1. S.kcch.
jaṇḍ m. ‘first hair on a child's
head’; WPah.kṭg.
j̈hàṇḍ
e f.pl. ‘pubic hair’, J.
jhāṇṭo
f.pl.
5335 *jhapaḍ— ‘onrush’. [Cf. *jhapp—1]
P. jhauṛ m. ‘attack’; H. jhauṛnā ‘to attack’; — M.
j̈hoḍṇẽ ‘to destroy’ with which LM 338 compares Pk.
jhōḍia— m. ‘hunter’?
5336 *jhapp—
1 ‘sudden movement’. 2. *jhamp—
1. [jhampa-
m. ‘jump’ Hit.]
1. S. jhapo m. ‘pounce’, jhapaṇu ‘to snatch at’; L.
jhappaṇ ‘to seize’; P. jhapp ‘quickly’; WPah. khaś.
j̈happ f. ‘pounce’; Ku. jhapp ‘suddenly’; N. jhappa,
jhāp—jhuppa ‘all at once’; A. zapaṅ ‘sound of suddenly
plunging into water’; B. jhap, jhapāṅ ‘splash’, jhap-
jhap ‘quickly’; Or. jhap ‘hastily’; Mth. jhap ‘at once’;
H. jhap m. ‘jerk’; G. jhap ‘suddenly’, jhapājhap f.
‘scuffle’; M. j̈hap—j̈hap ‘suddenly’. — Ext. —kk—: P.
jhapakṇā ‘to wink’; WPah. bhal. j̈hapkṇū ‘to flash’; N.
jhapakka ‘suddenly’; H. jhapaknā ‘to spring at’, jhapak
f. ‘blast’; M. j̈hapkaṇa ‘smartly’; — —ṭṭ—: P. jhapaṭṇā
‘to pounce on’, Ku. jhapṭaṇo, N. jhapṭanu; Or. jhapaṭa
‘scampering’; Mth. jhapaṭ ‘swoop’; H. jhapaṭnā ‘to
run quickly’, jhapāṭ f. ‘quickness’; G. jhāpṭũ n. ‘sharp
shower of rain’, jhapaṭ f. ‘spring’, jhapeṭvũ ‘to beat’; M.
j̈hapāṭṇẽ ‘to accomplish smartly’, j̈hapeṭ f. ‘swoop (of a
bird)’; — —s—: Mth. jhapās, jhāpas ‘violent rainstorm’,
H. jhapās f. — Cf. also L. jhabb ‘quick’; P. jhapph f.
‘swoop (of a bird)’, jhapphṇā ‘to catch’.
2. L. jhamb f. ‘rain blown by wind’, jhambaṇ ‘to card
cotton’; P. jambhṇā ‘to shake, card cotton’; WPah.
cam. jambhṇā ‘to dust’; A. zā̃p ‘jump’, zā̃piba ‘to jump’,
B. jhā̃p, jhā̃pā, Or. jhāmpa, jhāmpibā, Mth. jhā̃p; H.
jhampnā ‘to pounce on’; G. jhãpāvvũ ‘to throw head-
long’; M. j̈hā̃p f. ‘stoop (of a bird)’. — Ext. —ṭṭ—: N.
jhamṭanu ‘to assault’. — Cf. also M. j̈hā̃baḍṇẽ ‘to
snatch’.
5337 *jhapp—
2 ‘cover’. 2. *jhamp—
2. [Cf. *jhapp—1 and
similar range of meaning between *jhakk—1 and
*jhakk—2, and in *ḍhapp—]
1. N. jhāpo ‘lid’; A. zāpiba ‘to be closed’, zapāiba ‘to
cover’; B. jhāpnā ‘film over the eyes’, Or. jhāpaṇā;
Mth. jhapnā ‘cover of a granary’.
2. Pk. jhaṁpaï ‘covers’, jhaṁpaṇī— f. ‘eyelid’; P.
jhammaṇ m. ‘cover of a cart’; N. jhā̃po ‘lid’, jhā̃pnu ‘to
cover’, jhā̃pan ‘cover of a litter’; A. zā̃p ‘cover’; B.
jhā̃pāna ‘to overspread’; Or. jhāmpa ‘big basket with
a lid’ (see also *jhamp—3); Bi. jhā̃p ‘basket-lid’; Mth.
Aw. lakh. jhā̃pab ‘to cover’, H. jhā̃pnā; M. j̈hā̃pṇẽ ‘to
cover’, j̈hā̃paṇ n. ‘lid’.
*jhamp—
1 ‘sudden movement’ see *jhapp—1.
*jhamp—
2 ‘cover’ see *jhapp—2.
5338 *jhamp—
3 ‘matting’. [Same as *jhamp—2?]
B. jhā̃p ‘mat—door’, jhā̃pi ‘small wickerwork box’; Or.
jhāmpa ‘big basket with a lid’; H. jhā̃p m. ‘bamboo
frame, matted shutter’; G. jhā̃pɔ m. ‘matted gate’,
jhā̃pī f. ‘small bamboo casket’; M. j̈hā̃p m. ‘thatched
hut’ (cf. N. jhāpro ‘little shed’ < *jhappa—ḍa—), j̈hā̃pā m.
‘matted shutter’; — P. jhāmbh f. ‘matting shelter’.
jhampa— see *jhapp—1.
5339 *jhamm—
1 ‘sudden movement’.
Bshk. ǰamda ‘quick’; P. jhammṇā ‘to throw on the
ground’, jhamājham ‘heavily (of rain)’; N. jhamma
‘quite’, jham—jham ‘in torrents (of rain)’; A. zam—zam
‘cry caused by burning’; B. jham—jham ‘pattering’; H.
jham—jham ‘sound of heavy rain’. — Ext. —ṭṭ—: Ku.
jhamṭaṇo ‘to pounce on’, N. jhamṭanu.
Addenda: *jhamm—1: cf. OP. jhimijhimi f. ‘steady drizzle’, P.
jhim—jhim f.
5340 *jhamm—
2 ‘entanglement’.
S. jhamaku m. ‘entangling of branches’, jhamaṭu m.
‘grove of trees’; N. jhamelā ‘entanglement, quarrel’;
H. jhamelā m. ‘wrangling’.
5341 *jhamm—
3 ‘flash’. [Same as *jhamm—1? — Cf. *jamm—]
P. jhamjham ‘glittering’; H. jhamjhamānā ‘to sparkle’.
— Ext. —kk—: P. jhamakṇā ‘to glitter’, N. jhamkanu;
Or. jhamakibā ‘to flash’; H. jhamaknā ‘to glitter’;
OMarw. jhamakālīyo ‘shining’; M. j̈hamakṇẽ ‘to
glitter’.
Addenda: *jhamm—3: WPah.poet. j̈hɔmko m. ‘light, flash’; J.
jhamākā m. ‘lightning’. — Cf. S.kcch. jabakṇū ‘to
flash’, G. jhabakvũ AKŚ 45.
5342 *jhamm—
4 ‘jingle, tingle’. [Same as *jhamm—3?]
N. jhamjhamāunu ‘to tingle’; A. zamzamāiba ‘to
cause a burning sensation’; B. jhamjham ‘jingling’; G.
jhamjham ‘with a jingle, with a burning sensation’; M.
j̈hamj̈ham ‘with a jingle’. — Ext. —kk—: H. jhamkā m.
‘clanging’; G. jhamak f. ‘rhyme’, jhamkār m. ‘tingling,
tinkling’.
*JHAR ‘flow’: jhara—, jharaṇa—1, *jharati1, jhar-
jhara—2, *jhāra—1, *jhāraṇa—, *jhārayati, *jhirati1,
*jhurati1, *jhr̥ta—; *abhijjharati, *avajjhara—,
*ujjharati, *nijjharati, nirjhara—1, *nirjharati,
*nirjhāra—, *prajjhara—, *prajjharati, — *jhaṭati.
— See √*jhal1, √*kṣar, √*kṣal.
5350 *jharjhara—
3 ‘worn out’. [jharjharita— R.: ~ jarjára—.
— √*jhr̥̄]
N. jhā̃jar ‘emaciated’.
*JHAL
1 ‘flow’: *jhalati, *jhāla—1, *jhālana—, *jhāla-
yati; *avajjhālayati, *ujjhalati, *ujjhāla—, *ujjhāla-
yati, *prajjhalati. — See √*jhar, √kṣar, √kṣal.
5351 *jhal—
2 ‘sudden movement’. 2. *jhall—
1. [Cf. jha-
lajjhalā— f. ‘flapping of elephants' ears’ Kām.]
1. N. jhaljhali ‘repeatedly’, jhalyā̃sse ‘startled’; B.
jhalak ‘flapping of waves’, jhalās ‘purblind’ (< ‘*blink-
ing’?); H. jhalnā ‘to move a fan to and fro’.
2. S. jhalaṇu ‘to seize’, jhalī f. ‘large fan’; P. jhall m.
‘swing of a fan’, jhallī f. ‘cloth used for fanning in
winnowing’, jhallṇā ‘to move a fan’; Or. jhalajhala
‘flapping’, jhalakibā ‘to spring up’; H. jhallā, jhālā m.
‘shower of rain’; G. jhāl f. ‘sudden leap’, jhālvũ ‘to
catch hold of’; M. j̈hāl f. ‘springing forward in anger’.
Addenda: *jhal—
2. 2. *jhall—1: S.kcch. jalṇū ‘to hold’.
†;*JHAL
3 ‘flame, blaze’: *jhal—3, jhalā—, *jhall—2,
*jhāla—2.
5352 *jhal—
3 ‘flash’. 2. *jhall—
2, jhallikā— f. ‘light’ lex.
[See jhalā— and *jhil—. — Cf. jhalañjhala— m. ‘lustre’ lex.]
1. Pk. jhalajhalaṁta— ‘shining’; L. jhalbal m.
‘glitter’; N. jhaljhal, jhalājhal, jhallomalla ‘bright,
ablaze’; A. zaliba ‘to shine, be angry’ (or < jválati);
B. jhalsā ‘scorched’; Mth. jhalamala ‘shining’; Bhoj.
jhalmal ‘sparkle’; H. jhaljhalānā ‘to shine’; OMarw.
jhalamalīyo ‘shining’; G. jhaḷvũ ‘to be burnt’, jhaḷjhaḷ
‘resplendently’, jhaḷelɔ, jhareḷɔ m. ‘blister caused by
scorching’; M. j̈haḷṇẽ ‘to get warm in the sun (of a liquor)’,
j̈haḷj̈haḷ f. ‘glitter’. — Pk. jhalahalaṁta— ‘shining’, OG.
jhalahalataüṁ; M. j̈haḷāḷṇẽ ‘to shine brightly’. — Ext.
—kk—: Ap. jhalakkia— ‘burnt’; L. jhalkaṇ ‘to glitter’; P.
jhalkā, °ārā m. ‘flash’, jhalakṇā ‘to shine’, jhalā̃g m.
‘morning’; Ku. jhalkaṇo ‘to glitter’, N. jhalkanu; A.
zalak ‘brilliant light’; B. jhalkā ‘flash’; Mth. jhalakab ‘to
glitter’; Bhoj. jhalak ‘flash’; H. jhalaknā ‘to sparkle’,
jhalkā m. ‘blister’; G. jhaḷakvũ ‘to shine’; M. j̈haḷakṇẽ
‘to glitter’, Ko. jhaḷkatā.
2. S. jhalkaṇu ‘to shine’; P. jhall m. ‘rage’; WPah.
bhal. j̈hall f. ‘flame’; Or. jhalakibā ‘to glisten’, Aw. lakh.
jhalkab ‘to shine’; H. jhallā ‘hot’, jhallānā ‘to burn’,
jhālnā ‘to make hot, polish’; G. jhallāvũ ‘to be scorched’,
jhalakvũ ‘to shine’; M. j̈halāḷ f. ‘gleam’.
5355 *
jhalla— ‘bush’. [Cf.
jhāṭa—]
Ash. Kt.
zul ‘jungle’; Paš. dar.
ǰal ‘tree’, nir.
ǰāl, ar.
ǰōl, kuṛ.
zal, chil.
zol, Gmb.
ǰalā; Kal.
ǰƏhal ‘jungle’;
Kho.
žal ‘grove, copse (of trees)’; Sh.
ǰēl m. ‘forest’;
L.
jhall m. ‘jungle’; P.
jhall m. ‘reed—bed, thicket’;
WPah. bhad. bhiḍ.
j̈hall n. ‘bush’, bhal.
j̈h
e
ll n., rudh.
j̈hall ‘thicket’; N.
jhāl ‘collection of vines or other
plants’; H.
jhalār m. ‘brushwood’; M.
j̈hāl f. ‘pendulous
flowering and fruitage of a tree’.
Addenda: *
jhalla— ‘bush’: WPah.kṭg.
j̈hàll, kc.
j̈hāl m. ‘bush’; J.
jhāll m.pl. ‘thorny shrubs’; poet.
j̈hɔlṭu m. ‘bush’.
5357 *jhallā— ‘lock of hair’. [Cf. jhallarī—1. — For list of
similar words for ‘hair’ see jáṭā—]
M. j̈hāl f. ‘tassel of hair’.
5360 *jhas— ‘sudden movement’. 2. *jhass—.
1. Pk. jhasia— ‘thrown up’; Ku. jhasjhas ‘startling’. -
Ext. —kk—: Ku. jhasak ‘fright’; N. jhasko ‘sprain in a
muscle’, jhaskanu ‘to be startled’.
2. P. jhassṇā ‘to rub’; N. jhās—jhus ‘chaff’; Or.
jhāsibā ‘to attack suddenly’.
*jhass— ‘sudden movement’ see prec.
5361 *jhāñjha— ‘tinkling’. [Cf. jhañjhā—?]
S. jhā̃jhu m. ‘cymbal’; P. jhā̃j m. ‘sound of a musical
instrument’; N. B. jhā̃jh ‘cymbal’, Or. jhāñjha; OAw.
jhāṁjha f. ‘cymbal’, lakh. jhā̃jh ‘anklet’; H. G. jhā̃jh f.
‘cymbal’, M. j̈hā̃j̈ f.
5364 *jhāta— ‘burnt’. [Cf. kṣātí— f. ‘burning’ RV. -
√*jhai]
Pk. jhāya— ‘burnt to ashes’; Si. dāya ‘destruction’ (not
with Geiger EGS 74 < *jhaya— ~ kṣayá—).
5365 *jhāna— ‘burnt’. [~ *kṣāṇa—: cf. Pk. vijjhāṇa— ‘ex-
tinguished’. — √*jhai]
Pa. jhāna— n. ‘conflagration’; L. poṭh. jhāṇī m.
‘cremation ground’ or more prob. < *jhāyana—.
*jhāpayati ‘causes to burn’ see *jhāyati.
5366 *jhāma—
1 ‘burnt’. 2. jhāmaka— n. ‘vitrified brick’ lex.
[~ kṣāmá—. — √*jhai]
1. Pa. jhāma— ‘burning’; Pk. jhāma— ‘burning, dark-
coloured’; Phal. ǰhām ‘itching’; A. zā̃u ‘vitrified brick’;
Or. jhā̃ ‘burnt, over—roasted, calcined’; Mth. jhām
‘vitrified brick’.
2. S. jhā̃õ; m. ‘a kind of brick or pumice—stone for
rubbing dirt off soles of feet’, P. jhā̃vā̃, jhāmā̃ m.; MB.
jhā̃oe inst. ‘pumice—stone’, B. jhāmā; Or. jhāmā
‘vitrified brick’, Bi. jhā̃wā̃, Mth. jhāmā, Bhoj. jhāwā̃,
H. jhā̃wā, jhāmā m. (whence jhãwānā ‘to clean the feet
with pumice—stone’); Si. dam̆bu ‘burning, on fire’. -
Deriv.: Pk. jhāmaï tr. ‘burns’; G. jhāmvũ ‘to dip a hot
piece of stone in water’; — Pk. jhāmia— ‘burnt,
blackened’; P. jhāı̄̃ f. ‘freckle’; B. jhā̃i ‘calcined rice’;
Or. jhāı̃ ‘excessive heat, summer’; H. jhāı̄̃ f. ‘dusky
colour’; — prob. also P. jhāı̄̃ f. ‘shadow’, G. jhā̃y f.
*jhāmala—1; *jhāmarūpa—; *ardhajjhāma—.
Addenda: *jhāma—
1. 1. WPah.kṭg. j̈hawɔ m. ‘flash of lightning’,
J. jhā̃wã m. ‘light’.
2. A. jhā̃o (phonet. zão) ‘vitrified brick’, Brj. jhā̃wo,
jhāmo m.
5367 *jhāma—
2 ‘dim—sighted’. [Cf. *jhāma—1 in P. jhāı̄̃ f.
‘shadow’?]
S. jhā̃ı̄̃ f. ‘dimness of sight’.
*jhāmala—2.
*jhāmara— ‘a disease’ see *jhāmala—2.
5374 *jhāra—
2 ‘collection’.
S. jhāri f. ‘flock of birds’; G. jhārũ n. ‘troop’.
5377 *jhārikā— ‘water—pot’.
S. jhārī f. ‘metal vessel with long neck’, N. jhāri;
A. zāri ‘drinking vessel with spout’, B. Or. Bi. jhāri,
H. jhārī f. (→ Mth. jhāṛī), G. jhārī f., M. j̈hārī f.
5384 *jhikk— ‘bend, jerk’. 2. *jhiṅk—. [Cf. √*jhukk]
1. Tor. žigal— ‘to pull’; S. jhikaṇu ‘to bend, be
crooked’, jhiku m. ‘a dint, inclination’, jhiko ‘crooked’;
Ku. jhikṇo intr. ‘to delay’, jhikoṇo tr.; N. jhiknu ‘to
pull in, take out or off’, jhikro ‘splinter’; A. zikār
‘sudden start’; Or. jhikibā ‘to pull with a jerk’; Bi.
jhīkā ‘handful of grain poured into a mill’; G. jhikvũ ‘to
dash to the ground’, jhīkɔ m. ‘dust of bricks’.
2. B. jhı̃kā ‘jerk’, Or. jhiṅkibā ‘to pull with a jerk’; Bi.
jhı̄̃k, °kā ‘handful of grain poured into a mill’; G.
jhı̃kvũ ‘to dash to the ground’; M. jhı̃kṇẽ, jhik° ‘to catch
(a ball &c.)’.
Addenda: *jhikk—: WPah.kṭg. jhìkṇõ; intr. ‘to swing, sway, tilt’.
†;*jhiṭ— ‘sudden movement’ see *jhaṭ—.
5385 *jhiṅga— ‘prawn’. [Cf. ciṅgaṭa—, gāṅgaṭa—, kar-
kaṭa—1]
P. jhiṅgā m. ‘shrimp, prawn’; N. jhiṅo ‘small fly’,
jhiṅe mācho ‘shrimp, prawn’; Aw. lakh. H. jhı̄̃gā m.
‘shrimp, prawn’, M. jhı̃gā m. — Deriv. S. jhiṅgaṇu ‘(of
flies) to alight on and spoil food’.
*jhiṅgura—; *jhiṅgarūpa—.
5387 *jhiṅgura— ‘cockroach’. [Cf. jhiñjhī—, jhijjhī— f.
‘cricket’ lex.—*jhiṅga—]
Pk. jhiṁgira—, °aḍa— m. ‘a small insect’; P. jhiṅgur m.
‘cricket’; N. jhiṅur ‘cockroach’; Mth. jhı̃gur ‘cricket’;
Bhoj. jhiṅgur ‘grasshopper’; H. jhı̃gur m. ‘cricket’.
*jhiṭṭ— ‘sudden movement’ see *jhaṭ—.
*jhiṭṭa— ‘bush’ see jhāṭa—.
*jhiṇṭa— ‘hair’ see *jhaṇṭa—.
5391 *jhil— ‘flash’. [Cf. *jhal—3]
Sh. (Lor.) ǰil boiki ‘to rise (of sun)’; Or. jhiljhil
‘flashing’; Si. dilihenavā, dilenavā ‘to glitter’. — Ext.
—kk—: N. jhilik ‘flash’; A. zilikiba ‘to sparkle’; B. jhillikā
‘lustre’. — S. jhirmiri f. ‘starshine’; P. jhilmilāuṇā ‘to
sparkle’; N. jhilimili ‘glitter’, A. zilmilāiba; Or. jhilimili
‘vivid light’; H. jhilmil m. ‘sparkling’; M. jhiḷmiḷ
‘dazzlingly’; — S. jhirmira f. ‘venetian blind’; P.
jhilmilī f. ‘shutter’, N. jhilmil, B. jhilimili, jhilmil, Or.
jhilimili, H. jhilmil m.; M. jhiḷmiḷī f. ‘hangings’.
5392 *jhilla—
1 ‘swamp, lake’. [Cf. *hilla—2]
Pk. jhillaï ‘bathes’, jhillī— f. ‘wave’; N. B. jhil ‘lake,
pool’; Or. jhila ‘lake, pool, swamp’; Bi. jhīl ‘low marshy
land’; Mth. jhīl ‘lake, marsh’, H. jhīl f. (→ P. jhīl f.);
G. jhīl f. ‘deep reservoir of water’; M. jhīl f. ‘rill’, m.
‘swampiness’.
Addenda: *jhilla—2: G. jhīl f. ‘a kind of plant’.
†;*jhīvara— see dhīvara—.
5393 *jhilla—
2 ‘a partic. kind of plant’.
Pk. jhillī— f. ‘a partic. wild plant’; S. jhilu f. ‘an edible
water—plant, a small wild shrub from which tooth
cleaners are made’.
5399 *jhukkati ‘stoops, breaks’. 2. *jhuṅkati. [Cf. Shgh.
ǰuk— ‘to beat’, Par. ǰukḗw— ‘to shake’ IIFL i 261. -
√*jhukk]
1. S. jhukaṇu ‘to stoop’, L. jhukaṇ, P. jhukṇā; WPah.
bhal. j̈ukṇū ‘to crush or break stone’; Ku. jhukṇo ‘to
bow’; N. jhuknu ‘to bend forward’, jhukkinu ‘to be
misled’; H. jhuknā ‘to bend’ intr., G. jhukvũ, M.
j̈hukṇẽ; — S. jhokaṇu ‘to push faggots on to the fire’;
N. jhok ‘a net hung up to hold clothes’.
2. N. jhuṅgi ‘carrying something by holding it on
both sides’; B. jhũkā ‘to stoop’; Or. jhuṅkibā ‘to stoop,
stagger’. — Bhoj. jhõ;k ‘gust of wind’?
*jhuṅkati ‘stoops’ see prec.
*jhuṭṭa— ‘knot of hair’ see *jhuṇṭa—2.
Addenda: *jhukkati. 3. †;*jhōkkati tr.: S. jhokaṇu ‘to push
faggots on the fire’, P. jhokṇā ‘id., thrust forward’;
WPah.kṭg. j̈hòkṇõ; ‘to throw down or away’ Him.I
78, J. jhokṇu ‘to throw fuel on fire’; — kṭg. j̈hòkṭi
f.
‘firewood’, J. jhokkū m. ‘fuel’, N. jhok ‘net hung up to
hold clothes’, cf. Sh. jŭk m. ‘wood’, WPah.kṭg. (kc.)
j̈húkhṛɔ m. ‘wood’, kṭg. j̈hv́khṛi
f. ‘firewood’, J. jhukhrī
f.
5401 *jhuṇṭa—
2 ‘tangle, knot of hair, protuberance’.
2. *jhōṇṭa—. 3. *jhuṭṭa—. 4. *jhūṭa—
2. 5. *jhōṭṭa—.
[Cf. jūṭa— and cū́ḍa—1: for list of poss. connected words
see jáṭā—]
1. WPah. bhal. j̈huṇṭṛī f. ‘woman's queue of hair’;
B. jhũṭ ‘chignon, bird's crest, protuberance on back of
ox or camel’, Or. jhuṇṭi; H. jhũṭiyā f. ‘lock of hair on
crown of head’.
2. A. zõ;ṭ ‘entanglement’, zõ;ṭiba ‘to entangle’; Mth.
jhõ;ṭī ‘queue of hair’; Bhoj. jhõ;ṭā ‘tuft of hair’; M. j̈hõ;ṭ f.
‘knot of hanging hair’.
3. S. jhuṭu m. ‘top knot’.
4. S. jhūṛo m. ‘knot of hair’, L. jhūṛā m.; G. jhuṛɔ m.
‘bunch of false hair for making up a woman's hair’,
jhū̆ṛī f. ‘bunch, bundle’.
5. S. jhoṭo m. ‘tuft of hair on crown’.
5402 *jhuṇḍra— ‘crowd’. 2. *jhutta—. [Cf. *jhuppa—2]
1. S. jhuṇḍru m. ‘band of fakirs’; P. jhuṇḍ m. ‘flock,
troop’; Ku. jhuṇḍi, N. jhuṇḍa; Bi. jhuṇḍ, jhū̃ṛ ‘flock of
sheep or goats’; Bhoj. jhũṛi
‘crowd’; H. jhuṇḍ m. ‘flock,
troop’, G. jhuṇḍ n., M. j̈huṇḍ f.
2. N. jhut, jhutti ‘crowd’, jhutto ‘bundle of 4 or 6
maize cobs’, jhuttinu ‘to get entangled’; B. jhutta
‘crowd’.
*jhutta— ‘crowd’ see prec.
5403 *jhuppa—
1 ‘hut’. 2. *jhumpa—. 3. *jhōppa—.
4. *jhōmpa—.
1. S. jhūpiṛo m., °ṛī f. ‘hut’; L. jhupṛī f. ‘hut of grass
and branches’; N. jhupro ‘hut’, A. zupuri, B. jhupṛi, Or.
jhupuṛi, G. jhupṛũ n.
2. Pk. jhuṁpaḍā— f. ‘hut’; L. jhub m. ‘hut of sticks or
mud’; G. jhũpṛũ n., °ṛī f. ‘hut’.
3. Ku. jhopṛī f. ‘hut’, N. jhopro, °ri, B. jhopṛā, H.
jhopṛā m., °ṛī f.
4. Bi. jhõ;pṛī ‘shed on threshing floor’; Mth. H.
jhõ;pṛā m., °ṛī f. ‘hut’, G. jhõ;pṛũ n., M. j̈hõ;pā m., j̈hõ;pḍī
f., j̈hõ;pḍẽ n. — L. jhômpṛā m., P. jhaumpṛā m. < MIA.
*jhaüṁpa—.
5404 *jhuppa—
2 ‘crowd, cluster’. 2. *jhubba—. 3. *jhumma—.
[Cf. *jhuṇḍra—]
1. Ku. jhupuro ‘cluster’, N. jhuppo; A. zupurā ‘low
and bushy’; H. jhūpā m. ‘collection, heap’.
2. S. jhūbāṭaṇu ‘to crush’; P. jhubkā m. ‘pendent
earring’.
3. S. jhumu m. ‘thicket’; N. jhumma ‘huddled together’,
jhumminu intr. ‘to crowd together’; A. zum ‘herd’; G. jhum
n. ‘group’. — Ext. —kk—: S. jhumaku m. ‘cluster’, jhūmaku
m. ‘a kind of ear ornament’; P. jhumkā m. ‘pendent
earring’; N. jhumko, jham° ‘cluster’; B. jhumkā ‘earring
with pendants’, Or. jhumukā; H. jhumkā ‘cluster’, G.
jhumkhũ n., °khɔ m., M. j̈humkā m.; — with —ṭṭ—: S.
jhumaṭu m. ‘thicket’, jhumṭo m. ‘grove of trees’; Ku.
jhumuṭo ‘flock, swarm’;—with —r—: P. jhumar m. ‘crowd’.
*jhubba— ‘crowd’ see prec.
*jhumpa— ‘hut’ see *jhuppa—1.
*jhumma— ‘crowd’ see *jhuppa—2.
Addenda: *jhuppa—
2. 2. jhubba—: OP jhubbaṇu intr. ‘to crowd
together’.
3. *jhumma—: WPah.kṭg. jhùmkɔ m. ‘cluster’.
5406 *
jhulyati ‘swings’. [Cf. Par.
ǰūlē ‘shaking’, Pers.
ǰūlīdan ‘to be scattered’. — √*
jhul]
Pk.
jhullaï ‘swings’; Phal.
ǰül— ‘to be lying down’,
ǰhuli ‘on, to’ NOPhal 37; K.
zŏl f. ‘brief drowsiness’;
S.
jhūlaṇu ‘to swing, nod’; L. awāṇ.
jhuluṇ ‘to blow’;
P.
jhullṇā ‘to swing’; WPah. bhad.
zhulṇu ‘to sleep’,
bhal.
j̈hullṇū, śeu.
j̈hulnū; Ku.
jhulṇo ‘to swing’; N.
jhulnu ‘to nod, sleep’; A.
zuliba ‘to be suspended’; B.
jhulā ‘to swing, hang’, Or.
jhulibā; Bhoj.
jhūlā ‘woman's
skirt’; OAw.
jhulāvaï ‘causes to swing’; H.
jhūlnā ‘to
swing’, Marw.
jhūlṇo; G.
jhulvũ ‘to swing, hang, saunter’,
M.
j̈hulṇẽ. — Ext. —
kk—: S.
jhulko m. ‘blast of wind’; P.
jhulkaṇā ‘to hang down, go’; N.
jhulkanu ‘to rise (of
sun)’; M.
j̈hulakṇẽ ‘to wave gently’.
*
jhūṭa—
1 ‘bush’ see
jhuṇṭa—
1.
*
jhūṭa—
2 ‘hair’ see *
jhuṇṭa—
2.
Addenda: *
jhulyati: WPah.kṭg.
j̈hùlṇõ; intr. ‘to swing’, J.
jhulṇu,
kṭg. caus.
j̈Əlh
e\
uṇõ;, poet.
j̈Əlharo m., °
re f. ‘act of
waving, scintillating’, intr.
j̈Əlharno; kṭg. (kc.)
j̈hùllɔ
m. ‘rope—bridge’,
j̈hùllƏṇ m. ‘washing—line’.
5407 *jhūṭṭha— ‘false’. [→ Par. ǰuṭ ‘concealed’, ǰuṭī ‘theft’
IIFL i 263]
Pk. jhuṭṭha—, juṭṭha— ‘false’; Paš. ǰuṭı̄́ ‘lascivious
woman’; S. jūṭhu m. ‘lie’, juṭhi f. ‘abusing’; P. jhūṭh f.
‘lie’, jhūṭhā ‘false’; Ku. jhūṭo ‘liar’; N. jhuṭ ‘lie’, jhuṭho,
°ṭo ‘false’, B. jhũṭha; Or. jhuṭha, °ṭa ‘false’, °ṭā ‘liar’;
Mth. Bhoj. jhūṭh ‘lying, false’, H. jhūṭhā; Marw. jhūṭh
f. ‘lie’, jhūṭho ‘false’, G. juṭhũ; M. j̈huṭ f. ‘lie’, j̈huṭā
‘false’.
Addenda: *jhūṭṭha—: WPah.kṭg. (kc.) j̈hv́ṭṭhɔ ‘false, untrue’; J.
jhuṭṭh m. ‘untruth’.
5412 *jhūśa— ‘hair’. [Cf. *jhūṭa— and kḗśa—: for list of poss.
connected words see jáṭā—]
Paš. kuṛ. ǰuš m. ‘hair’; Ku. jhūs ‘beard of barley’; N.
jhus ‘fine hair, hairs on a plant or caterpillar, shavings’.
*JHR̥̄ ‘waste away’. [equivalence of many of the forms
below with those grouped under √jr̥̄
1 suggests that
√*jhr̥̄ derives from √jr̥̄
1 with jh— from √*jhi ~ √kṣi
2]
*jharaṇa—2, *jharati2, *jharjhara—, *jhirati2,
*jhīrṇa—, jhīryati, *jhurati2, *jhūra—, *jhūrati,
*jhūrṇa—, *jhūryatē; *nirjhara—2, *nirjhūra—; — √jr̥̄
1.
5413 *jhēlati ‘undergoes’.
N. jhelnu ‘to undergo, suffer’, H. jhelnā, OMarw.
jhelaï. — H. jhelnā ‘to take’, M. jhelṇẽ ‘to catch’
(< *jhēll—)?
*JHAI ‘burn’: *jhāta—, *jhāna—, *jhāpayati, *jhāma—1,
jhāmaka—, *jhāmala—1, *jhāyati, *jhāyana—, *jhāla—2;
*avajjhāyati, *vijjhāpayati, *vijjhāyati. — See
√kṣai.
5414 *jhōṭati ‘cuts, beats’. [Cf. chōṭayati ‘cuts, splits’
Dhātup.]
Pk. jhōḍaï ‘makes leaves fall off a tree’; N. jhornu ‘to
beat for game’; B. jhoṛā ‘to cut, lop’; OAw. jhoraï
‘beats, shakes’; H. jhoṛnā, jhor° ‘to beat’, M. j̈hoḍṇẽ.
*jhōṭṭa—
1 ‘bush’ see jhuṇṭa—1.
*jhōṭṭa—
2 ‘knot of hair’ see *jhuṇṭa—2.
jhōḍa— see jhuṇṭa—1.
*jhōṇṭa— ‘knot of hair’ see *jhuṇṭa—2.
*jhōppa—, jhōmpa— ‘hut’ see *jhuppa—1.
Addenda: *jhōṭati: A. juriba (phonet. z—) ‘to clear forest’ AFD
219 (3 sg. jure), 331 (st. jor—).
5415 *jhōla—
1 ‘bag’. 2. *jhōlla—. [jhaulikā— f. ‘small bag’
Dhūrtas. — Perh. conn. √*jhul, cf. parallel formation
of N. jholuṅgo ‘swinging cradle’ and A. zoloṅgā
‘beggar's bag’]
1. Pk. jhōliā— f. ‘bag’; L. jhoḷī f. ‘skirt used as a bag,
lap’; P. jholā m., °lī f. ‘bag’, Ku. jholo, °lī; N. jholi
‘small wallet’; A. zuli ‘bag, scrotum’; B. jholi, jhuli ‘bag’;
Bi. jholā, °lī ‘feeding bag for cattle’; Mth. jhorī ‘bag’,
Bhoj. jhōrā, H. jholī f., G. jhoḷī f., jhorṇɔ m., °ṇī f.; M.
j̈hoḷī f. ‘mendicant's bag’.
2. Pk. jholliā— f. ‘bag’; S. jhola f. ‘skirt used to hold
anything in’, jholī f. ‘fakir's bag, nest of eggs, brood of
young birds’.
Addenda: *jhōla—
1. 1. WPah.J. jhoḷā m. ‘wallet’.
2. *jhōlla—: WPah.kṭg. (kc.) j̈hòllɔ m. ‘bag’.
*jhōlla— ‘bag’ see *jhōla—1 Add2.
5416 *jhōla—
2 ‘juice’.
Sh. (Lor.) ǰūli f. ‘soup’, Ku. jhol; N. jhol ‘juice, soup’;
A. zol ‘soup’, B. jhol, Or. jhoḷa, Mth. jhor, H. jhol m.
5417 *jhōlayati ‘causes to swing’. [√*jhul]
P. jholṇā ‘to stir buttermilk’; N. jholinu intr. ‘to
dangle, get loose’; H. jholnā ‘to cause to swing, to fan’;
G. jhoḷvũ ‘to shake’; M. jhoḷṇā m. ‘sling for lifting
animals’.
*jhōlla— ‘bag’ see *jhōla—1.
jhaulikā— see *jhōla—1.
5418 *ṭaüna— ‘deaf’.
WPah. bhad. ṭauṇo ‘deaf’, bhal. ṭaõ;ṇo, khaś. ṭaoṇā,
N. ṭaunu; — Ku. ṭolo with l from kālo ‘dumb’ (<
kalya—2).
Addenda: *ṭaüna—: WPah.kṭg. (kc.) ṭɔṇɔ ‘deaf’, J. ṭōnwṇā.
5420 *ṭakk—
1 ‘remain, stop’. 2. *ṭikk—. 3. *ṭēkk— usu. tr.
[Cf. *ḍakk—3, *ṭhēkk—]
1. Sh. (Lor.) ṭak boiki ‘to be hampered, be stuck’; P.
ṭakk m. ‘settlement of price’; N. ṭakka aṛinu ‘to come
to a dead stop’; G. ṭakvũ ‘to stop’; M. ṭākṇẽ ‘to leave’.
2. Kho. (Lor.) tika ‘support, cushion behind the
back’; S. ṭikaṇu ‘to remain, be firm’; L. ṭikkaṇ ‘to
stay’; P. ṭikṇā ‘to stay’, ṭikkṇā ‘to appoint’; N. ṭiknu ‘to
remain, last’; A. ṭikiba ‘to last, be of service’; B. ṭikā ‘to
remain’; Or. ṭikibā ‘to last, be effective’; H. ṭiknā ‘to
stop, remain’; M. ṭikṇẽ ‘to stay’.
3. P. ṭekṇā ‘to prop’, ṭekaṇ m. ‘prop, bundle of wood’;
Ku. ṭekṇo ‘to prop’, ṭeko ‘prop, obstacle’; N. ṭeknu ‘to
set up’, ṭek ‘obstinacy’, ṭekan ‘prop’; A. ṭek ‘middle
part of a dam’; B. ṭẽkā ‘to remain’; Or. ṭekibā ‘to lift
up’; OAw. ṭekaï ‘puts, stops’, ṭeka f. ‘prop’; H. ṭeknā
‘to prop’; G. ṭekvũ, ṭek m.f. ‘support’; M. ṭekṇẽ tr. and
intr. ‘to rest’.
Addenda: *ṭakk—
1. 2. *ṭikk—: WPah.J. ṭikṇu ‘to stop’.
3. *ṭēkk—: WPah.kṭg. (kc.) ṭekṇõ; ‘to stop, stay,
stand, support, endure, place’; J. ṭekṇu ‘to support’.
5421 *ṭakk—
2 ‘cut, break’. [Cf. ṭakkara—]
Ash. ṭakä ‘broken’; Sh. (Lor.) ṭak thoiki ‘to break,
open (e.g. a pomegranate)’; K. ṭakun ‘to gnaw, crunch’;
L. ṭakkaṇ ‘to cut, mark by notching’, ṭakk m. ‘cut’,
ṭākā m. ‘vaccinator’; P. ṭakkṇā ‘to cut, strike’, ṭakk m.
‘gash, cutting in a field of grain’, ḍog. ṭakka m. ‘bite’.
*ṭakka—
1 ‘a coin’ see ṭaṅka—1.
5422 *ṭakka—
2 ‘bald’. 2. *ṭhakka—.
1. B. ṭāk ‘bald patch’, ṭākuyā, ṭek° ‘bald’, Or. ṭākarā;
M. ṭakkal n. ‘bald spot’, ṭakalyā ‘bald’, ṭakurẽ n., °korī
f., ṭakulẽ n., °lī f. ‘slang term for head, esp. fore part’;-
B. ṭākrā ‘palate’ semant. cf. tā́lu—.
2. Or. ṭhākerā ‘bald’.
5423 *ṭakka—
3 ‘hill’. 2. *ṭaṅga—
4. 3. *ṭikka—
2. 4. *ṭiṅga—.
5. *ṭēkka—. 6. *ṭēṅga—. 7. *ṭuṅka—. 8. *ṭuṅga—
1.
9. *ḍakka—
3. 10. *ḍagga—
1. 11. *ḍaṅga—
3.
12. *ḍuṅga—. 13. *ḍōṅga—
2. 14. tuṅga—. 15. *thuṅga—.
16. *daṅga—. [Cf. ṭaṅka—4 m. ‘peak, crag’ MBh.,
tuṅga— (see below) ‘lofty’, m. ‘mountain’ MBh., and
*ṭappa—3 with further list. Variety of form indicates
non—Aryan and perh. (with PMWS 149) Mu. origin. -
Further poss. connexion with *ḍhōkka—2 ‘rock’ and
large group of words for ‘lump’ s.v. *ḍhikka—1]
1. Ext. —r—: S. ṭakuru m. ‘mountain’, ṭakirī f. ‘hillock’,
ṭākara f. ‘low hill’, ṭākirū m. ‘mountaineer’; N. ṭākuro,
°ri ‘hill top’.
2. Or. ṭāṅgī ‘hill, stony country’. — Ext. —r—: Or.
ṭāṅgara ‘rocky hilly land’.
3. Ext. —r—: Or. ṭikara ‘high land, sandbank’, ṭikarā,
ṭīkirā ‘anthill’.
4. A. ṭiṅ ‘mountain peak’, ṭiṅnā ‘elevated piece of
land’, ṭiṅāli ‘very high’. — Ext. —l— in *uṭṭiṅgala—.
5. M. ṭek m.n., ṭekā̆ḍ n., ṭekḍī, ṭẽk° f. ‘hillock’. — Ext.
—r—: P. ṭekrā m., °rī f. ‘rock, hill’; H. ṭekar, °krā m.
‘heap, hillock’; G. ṭekrɔ m., °rī f. ‘mountain, hillock’.
6. K. ṭē̃g m. ‘hillock, mound’.
7. G. ṭũk ‘peak’.
8. M. ṭũg n. ‘mound, lump’. — Ext. —r—: Or. ṭuṅguri
‘hillock’; M. ṭũgar n. ‘bump, mound’ (see *uṭṭungara—);
— —l—: M. ṭũgaḷ, °gūḷ n.
9. K. ḍȧki
f. ‘hill, rising ground’. — Ext. —r—: K.
ḍakürü
f. ‘hill on a road’.
10. Ext. —r—: Pk. ḍaggara— m. ‘upper terrace of a
house’; M. ḍagar f. ‘little hill, slope’.
11. Ku. ḍā̃g, ḍā̃k ‘stony land’; B. ḍāṅ ‘heap’, ḍāṅgā
‘hill, dry upland’; H. ḍā̃g f. ‘mountain—ridge’; M. ḍā̃g
m.n., ḍā̃gaṇ, °gāṇ, ḍãgāṇ n. ‘hill—tract’. — Ext. —r—: N.
ḍaṅgur ‘heap’.
12. M. ḍũg m. ‘hill, pile’, °gā m. ‘eminence’, °gī f.
‘heap’. — Ext. —r—: Pk. ḍuṁgara— m. ‘mountain’; Ku.
ḍũgar, ḍũgrī; N. ḍuṅgar ‘heap’; Or. ḍuṅguri ‘hillock’,
H. ḍū̃gar m., G. ḍũgar m., ḍũgrī f.
13. S. ḍ̱ū̃garu m. ‘hill’, H. M. ḍõ;gar m.
14. Pa. tuṅga— ‘high’; Pk. tuṁga— ‘high’, tuṁgī̆ya— m.
‘mountain’; K. tŏng, tọ̆ngu
m. ‘peak’, P. tuṅg f.; A. tuṅg
‘importance’; Si. tun̆gu ‘lofty, mountain’. — Cf.
uttuṅga— ‘lofty’ MBh.
15. K. thọ̆ngu
m. ‘peak’.
16. H. dā̃g f. ‘hill, precipice’, dā̃gī ‘belonging to hill
country’.
Addenda: *ṭakka—
3. 12. *ḍuṅga—: S.kcch. ḍūṅghar m. ‘hillock’.
5430 *ṭaṅka—
6 ‘artificial pond’.
Pk. ṭaṁka— m. ‘ditch, reservoir, shore’; H. ṭā̃kh m.
‘underground reservoir of water’; G. ṭā̃kũ n. ‘reservoir’,
°kī f. ‘cistern, small well’; M. ṭā̃kẽ, ṭākẽ n. ‘hole dug in
rock as a boundary mark, reservoir, cistern’.
ṭaṅka—7, ṭaṅkaṇa—
1 ‘borax’ see ṭaṅgaṇa—1.
ṭaṅkaṇa—
2 ‘a tribe’ see *ṭāṅkana—.
5433 *ṭaṅkati
2 ‘chisels’. [ṭaṅka—2]
Pa. ṭaṅkita—mañca— ‘a stone (i.e. chiselled) platform’;
G. ṭā̃kvũ ‘to chisel’, M. ṭā̃kṇẽ.
5436 *ṭaṅg— ‘hang up’. [Cf. √taṁs and similar relationship
between √daṁś and *ḍaṅk—]
S. ṭaṅgaṇu ‘to hang up’; L. ṭaṅgaṇ, ṭaṅgṇā m. ‘clothes
line’; P. ṭaṅgṇā ‘to hang up’, Ku. ṭāṅṇo, ṭā̃kṇo; N.
ṭāṅnu ‘to hang up, spread out’ (cf. Pk. ṭaṁkia— ‘spread
out’); B. ṭāṅgā ‘to hang up’, Or. ṭāṅgibā; Bi. ṭãgnā, °nī
‘stick or rope for hanging clothes on’; Mth. ṭā̃gab ‘to
hang up’, H. ṭā̃gnā, G. ṭā̃gvũ, M. ṭā̃gṇẽ.
ṭaṅga—
1 ‘a weight’ see ṭaṅka—1.
ṭaṅga—
2 ‘sword, spade’ see ṭaṅka—2.
ṭaṅga—
3 ‘leg’ see ṭaṅka—3.
*ṭaṅga—
4 ‘hill’ see *ṭakka—3.
ṭaṅga—
5 ‘borax’ see next.
5438 *ṭaṭṭ— ‘pain, smart’.
N. ṭāṭo ‘scar’, ṭaṭṭinu ‘to be exposed to hunger or
sunshine’, ṭaṭṭāunu ‘to smart (of a sore)’; B. ṭāṭāna ‘to
pain, be dried up’; H. ṭaṭānā ‘to pain’.
5439 *ṭaṭṭa— ‘defective’. 2. *taṭṭa—2. [See list s.v. *ṭuṇṭa—2]
1. N. ṭaṭaro ‘obstinate fool’.
2. Gaw. taṭára ‘lean’.
Addenda: *ṭaṭṭa—: WPah.poet. ṭaṭo ‘dumb, stupid’, J. ṭāṭā; kṭg.
ṭɔṭṭɔ ‘stammering’.
5440 *ṭaṭṭu— or *taṭṭu— ‘pony’. [Onom.?]
Sh. pales. ṭaṭū́ ‘horse’; K. ṭoṭu
m. ‘pony’, S. ṭaṭū̃ m.,
L. ṭaṭṭū m., P. ṭaṭṭū m., Ku. ṭaṭṭu, N. ṭaṭu, B. ṭāṭu, Or.
taṭu, Aw. lakh. ṭaṭuā, H. ṭaṭṭū m., G. ṭaṭṭu, ṭaṭu m.,
ṭaṭvũ n., °vāṇī f., M. taṭṭū, taṭū m., taṭāṇī f.
5441 *ṭaḍḍha— ‘distant’.
Ku. ṭāṛ, N. ṭāṛho, ṭāṛo. — But H. tārī f. ‘distance’
< *tāra— or *tāḍa—?.
Addenda: *ṭaḍḍha—: Garh. ṭāḍā ‘distant’, Ku. ṭāṛo, taṛā.
5442 *ṭaṇṭa— ‘dispute’.
N. ṭaṇṭā ‘dispute, bother’; H. ṭaṇṭā m. ‘wrangling’,
G. ṭaṇṭɔ m.
5443 *ṭan— ‘be tight’. 2. *ṭān— ‘tighten’. 3. *ṭhān—. [Re-
lationship with √tan (tanṓti, *tānayati) is obscure]
1. N. ṭanna ‘tense, swollen’, ṭanṭani ‘securely’,
ṭankanu ‘to become tense’; B. ṭanṭanāna ‘to be tense,
throb’, ṭankāna ‘to stiffen’; M. ṭaṇṭaṇṇẽ ‘to be strained
very tightly’, ṭaṇkā, ‘strong, healthy’.
2. S. ṭāṇaṇu ‘to pull tight’; Ku. ṭāṇi—ṭāṇi ‘tightness,
painful feeling’; A. ṭāniba ‘to pull tight’; B. ṭānā ‘to
tighten’, ṭān ‘spasm’; Or. ṭāṇibā ‘to pull tight’, ṭāṇi
‘warp’; H. ṭānnā ‘to pull tight’, M. ṭāṇṇẽ.
3. Mth. ṭhānab ‘to drag’.
5444 *ṭapp— ‘drip, drop’. 2. *ṭipp—2. 3. *ṭēpp—. 4. *ṭupp—.
5. *ṭōpp—. 6. *ṭhipp—. 7. *tapp—. [Onom., cf. tḗpatē
‘sprinkles’, stḗpatē ‘drips’ Dhātup.]
1. B. ṭap ‘sound of dropping’, ṭapāna ‘to drop, trickle,
distil’, ṭapkāna ‘to fall in drops’; Or. ṭapakibā ‘to drip,
ooze’; Aw. ṭapa—ṭapa ‘patter of drops’; H. ṭapaknā ‘to
drip’, ṭabhak m. ‘sound of dripping’; G. ṭapkũ n.
‘drop’; M. ṭapkā m. ‘falling drop’.
2. Pk. ṭippī— f. ‘spot on forehead’; S. ṭipo m. ‘dot
placed over letters’; WPah. jaun. ṭīpū ‘drop; B. ṭipā
‘to drip’; Or. ṭip—ṭip ‘dripping’; H. ṭipkā m. ‘drop’, G.
ṭīpũ n.; M. ṭīp n. ‘drop, tear’, ṭipṇẽ ‘to drip’, ṭipakṇẽ
intr. ‘to drop’, ṭipkā m. ‘drop’.
3. S. ṭepo m. ‘drop’.
4. B. ṭupā ‘to drip’.
5. B. ṭopāna ‘to distil’; Or. ṭopā ‘raindrop’, ṭopi
‘small spot on forehead’.
6. M. ṭhipakṇẽ, ṭhibakṇẽ ‘to drip’.
7. Ku. taptapāṇo ‘to drip, fall in drops’; N. tap—tap
‘sound of dripping or throbbing’, tapkanu ‘to drop,
drip, trickle’, tapkeni ‘shady place overhung by trees
(i.e. dripped on)’ < *tapkyāni; H. tapaknā ‘to throb’;
M. tapakṇẽ ‘to drip’.
*ṭappa—
1 ‘network’ see *tarpa—1.
Addenda: *ṭapp—. 2. *ṭipp—2: S.kcch. ṭipakṇū ‘to drip’;
WPah.kṭg. ṭippɔ m. ‘drop’, J. ṭipā m.
5445 *ṭappa—
2 ‘tap, blow’. 2. *trappa—.
1. K. ṭaph, dat. °pas m. ‘blow, kick’, ṭāph, dat. °pi f.
‘slap’; S. ṭapuṛa f. ‘tapping’; Ku. ṭāp ‘step’; N. ṭāp
‘horse's hoof’; A. ṭāb ‘horse's hoofprint’; B. ṭāpar
‘slight stroke’; Or. ṭāpu ‘horse's hoof’, ṭāparā—ṭāpuri
‘poking at each other’; H. ṭāp f. ‘sound of a horse's
hoof, hoof’; G. ṭaplɔ m. ‘slap’, ṭapārvũ ‘to beat’; M.
ṭāp f. ‘kick from a horse’, ṭāparṇẽ ‘to hammer’, ṭaplā
m. ‘smack’.
2. S. ṭrapura f. ‘tapping’.
Addenda: *ṭappa—
2 ‘blow’. 3. †;*ṭippa—
3 (same as *ṭipp—1
‘pinch’?): WPah.kiũth. ṭipṇa ‘to beat’, ṭipuṇa ‘to fight’
(refl.) or by metath. of piṭṭayati (Him.I 81).
5446 *ṭappa—
3 ‘hill’. 2. *ṭippa—2. 3. *ṭēppa—2. 4. *ṭibba—.
5. *ṭimba—. 6. *ṭēmba—. 7. *ṭumba—2. [Cf. *ḍippa-
and parallel variations s.v. *ṭakka—3]
1. M. ṭāp—ṭep m. pl. ‘mounds, hillocks’.
2. Ku. ṭīpo, ṭippo ‘ridge, peak’. — Ext. —r—: S. ṭipiri f.
‘crown of head’; Ku. ṭipīr ‘ridge, peak’; N. ṭipri
‘hilltop’.
3. M. ṭep m.n. ‘mound’. — Ext. —r—: M. ṭepar n.
‘mound’; — —l—: Ku. ṭepulo ‘mound, ridge’.
4. L. P. ṭibbā m. ‘mound, sandbank, hill’; Ku. ṭibbā,
ṭibaṛī ‘ridge, peak’; H. ṭibbā m. ‘hill’, ṭībā m. ‘hill,
sandbank’.
5. WPah. jaun. ṭı̄̃bā ‘hill’; G. ṭı̄̃bɔ m. ‘sandbank, hill’.
— Ext. —r— in *uṭṭimbara—.
6. A. ṭemekā, ṭemunā ‘small protuberance’; G. ṭẽbɔ
m. ‘large heap’; M. ṭẽb, ṭẽbh, ṭẽbā, ṭẽbhā m. ‘hill, summit’.
7. A. ṭummi ‘high bank’. — Ext. —r—: M. ṭũbar n.
‘mound, bump, wart’ (see *uṭṭumbara—).
*ṬAR ‘move aside’: *ṭarati, *ṭārayati; *uṭṭārayati;
— √ṭal
1.
Addenda: *ṭappa—
3. 2. *ṭippa—2: S.kcch. ṭippar f. ‘head’.
4. ṭibba—: WPah.kṭg. (kc.) ṭibbɔ m. ‘hill’, kṭg. ṭibṛi
f. ‘small hill’.
5447 *ṭarati ‘moves aside’. 2. Caus. *ṭārayati. [~ ṭálati,
ṭālayati. — √*ṭar]
1. Ku. ṭarakṇo ‘to withdraw, shun’; N. ṭarnu ‘to pass
by’; Or. ṭarakibā ‘to steal away from a place’.
2. N. ṭārnu ‘to spurn, neglect, evade’.
5448 *ṭarara— ‘astringent’.
N. ṭarro ‘sour, astringent’; H. ṭarrā ‘harsh’.
ṬAL
1 ‘move aside’: ṭálati, ṭālayati; *uṭṭālayati;
— √*ṭar.
5449 *ṭal—
2 ‘glitter, tinkle’.
Pk. ṭalaṭalaï ‘tinkles’; S. ṭalī f., ṭaliāro m. ‘bell hung
round neck of cattle’, L. ṭalī f.; N. ṭal—ṭal ‘glitter’,
ṭalkanu ‘to shine’; A. ṭal—ṭal ‘clear’, ṭalak ‘winking’,
ṭal—bal ‘glistening’; M. ṭaḷ—ṭaḷ ‘lustrously’.
5451 *ṭalla—
1 ‘heap’. 2. *ṭilla—.
1. S. ṭalo m. ‘raft of timbers’; N. ṭāl ‘pile of wood’;
Bi. ṭāl ‘pile of cowdung’; H. ṭāl f. ‘pile of wood &c.’.
2. L. ṭillā m. ‘hillock’; P. ṭillā m. ‘hillock, mound,
heap of grass or timber (used as a raft), raft’; H. ṭīlā m.
‘hillock, mound’.
5452 *ṭalla—
2 ‘piece of cloth’.
K. ḍoḍ. ṭalla ‘clothes’; N. ṭālo ‘piece of cloth, patch’.
Addenda: *ṭalla—2: WPah.poet. ṭalo ‘piece of cloth, cloth’, kṭg.
ṭalli
f. ‘patch on cloth’, J. ṭāllī f. ‘bit of cloth’.
ṭālayati see ṭálati Add2.
†;ṬIK ‘to go’: †;ṭikyatē.
*ṭikk— ‘stop’ see *ṭakk—1 Add2.
5453 *
ṭahall— ‘walk up and down’. [Connexion with
trákhati (ND 241 b 19) unlikely]
K.
ṭahal f. ‘service’,
ṭaholu
m. ‘servant, esp. groom’,
ṭahȧli
m. ‘servant, groom, cowherd’; S.
ṭahalaṇu ‘to go
for a walk or drive’,
ṭahala f. ‘walk, service’,
ṭahaluo m.
‘servant’; L.
ṭehl f. ‘service’; P.
ṭahilṇā ‘to promenade’,
ṭahil f. ‘service’,
ṭahiliā,
°luā m. ‘servant’; Ku.
ṭailaṇo
‘to walk about’,
ṭahal ‘service’; N.
ṭahalnu ‘to roam’,
ṭahal ‘service’,
ṭahaluwā ‘servant’; A.
ṭahaliba ‘to walk
up and down’; B.
ṭahalā ‘id.’,
ṭahaliyā ‘going from
house to house’; Or.
ṭahalibā ‘to walk about’,
ṭahala
‘walking about’,
ṭahaliyā ‘servant’, Mth.
ṭahalū; Bhoj.
ṭahal ‘work’; H.
ṭahalnā,
ṭaharnā ‘to take a walk, die’,
ṭahal f. ‘work’,
ṭahlū m. ‘servant’; G.
ṭ
e
h
e
lvũ,
ṭ
e
l° ‘to go
from house to house begging’,
ṭ
e
h
e
l f. ‘so going’,
ṭ
e
h
e
liyā m. ‘one who so goes’; M.
ṭahalṇẽ,
ṭehal°,
ṭehel°
tr. and intr. ‘to walk about’. — H.
ṭaghalnā,
ṭagharnā
‘to walk about’?
5454 *ṭāṅkana— ‘a kind of horse’. [Cf. ṭaṅkaṇa—2, ṭaṅgaṇa—2
m. ‘name of a people living northwest of Madhyadeśa’
R., Pk. ṭaṁkaṇa— m. ‘a non—Aryan tribe’]
K. ṭā̃gun m. ‘a species of hill pony’, N. ṭā̃gan,
ṭāṅan, B. ṭaṅkan; M. ṭā̃kaṇ, ṭāk° m. ‘a species of small
horse’; — other forms with g ← NW. or Himalayan
source: A. ṭāṅnā ‘a smart horse’; B. ṭāṅgan ‘a species
of pony’, Or. ṭāṅgaṇa; H. ṭā̃gan m. ‘hill pony’; G.
ṭā̃gaṇ n. ‘a species of pony’.
5455 *ṭāḍa— ‘level piece of ground’.
N. ṭār ‘level piece of ground above a stream’, ṭāri
‘unirrigated rice—field’; Bi. ṭāṛ, ṭā̃ṛ ‘stretch of raised
infertile soil’; M. ṭāḷī f. ‘open terrace’.
*ṭāṇṭa—, *ṭāṇṭha— ‘stalk’ see *ḍaṇṭha—.
*ṭān— ‘tighten’ see *ṭan—.
5456 *ṭāppuka— ‘island’.
K. ṭôpu
m., S. L. ṭāpū m., P. ṭāppū m., N. B. Or.
ṭāpu, H. G. M. ṭāpū m., M. ṭāpū̃ n.
*ṭāyara— ‘poor horse’ see next.
5458 *
ṭikka—
1 ‘mark, spot’. [
ṭikkikā— f. ‘white mark on fore-
head of a horse’ VarBr̥S. — Connexion, if any, with
tílaka— and *
ṭillaka— is obscure]
Pk.
ṭikka— n. ‘caste—mark’,
ṭikkida— ‘marked with
one’; Ḍ.
ṭīk
e m. pl. ‘spot’, Sh.
ṭīku̯ m.; K.
ṭyoku
m.
‘caste—mark’; S.
ṭiko m. ‘mark, stain, caste—mark’,
ṭika
f. ‘stone in a ring’, L.
ṭikk f.; L. P.
ṭikkā m. ‘mark’;
WPah. bhad.
ṭikku n. ‘caste—mark’, Ku.
ṭīko m., N.
ṭikā; B. Or.
ṭikā ‘mark’, Bi.
ṭīk, Mth.
ṭīkā,
ṭikulī; H.
ṭīkā m. ‘caste—mark’, Marw.
ṭīko m.; G.
ṭīkɔ m. ‘mark’;
M.
ṭikā m. ‘spot’,
ṭikẽ,
ṭhikẽ n. ‘mole, freckle’; OSi.
ṭik
‘mark’, Si.
tik ‘spot, mark, freckle’.
*
ṭikka—
2 ‘hill’ see *
ṭakka—
3.
Addenda: *
ṭikka—1: S.kcch.
ṭiko m. ‘mark on forehead’;
WPah.kṭg.
ṭikkɔ m. ‘caste—mark (round mark applied
to forehead of women esp. when married), eldest son
of a rājā’, J.
ṭīkā m. ‘heir apparent of a chief’, P.
ṭikkā m. ‘caste—mark, oldest son of a king’.
5459 *ṭikka—
3 ‘cake’.
S. ṭikī f. ‘cake’; L. ṭikkī f. ‘food’; P. ṭikkī f. ‘small
cake’; N. ṭikiyā ‘cake of powdered charcoal’, A. ṭikirā,
B. ṭikā, °ke, Or. ṭikiā; H. ṭikiyā f. ‘id.’, ṭikkaṛ m. ‘thick
cake of bread’; G. ṭīkī f. ‘cake’, ṭikkaṛ m. ‘thick small
cake’; M. ṭiklī f. ‘cake’.
ṭikkikā— see *ṭikka—1.
5460 *ṭiṅkara— ‘stick’. [See list s.v. *ḍakka—2]
L. ṭiṅgrī f. ‘bough’; N. ṭiṅgar ‘contemptuous term
for a tall and thin man’; M. ṭikorā ‘large—sized’, ṭikorṇẽ
n. ‘stick’.
*ṭiṅga— ‘hill’ see *ṭakka—3.
Addenda: *ṭiṅkara— ‘stick’. [Ext. of a *ṭiṅka— ~ *ḍakka—2]
2. †;*ṭiṅkaṭa—: WPah.kṭg. ṭiṅgṛɔ m. ‘top branch’
(rather than with Him.I 81 < *ṭiṅkara—).
5462 *ṭiṇṭa— ‘defective’. [See list s.v. *ṭuṇṭa—2]
L. awāṇ. ṭı̃ṇḍ ‘bald—head’.
5464 *ṭipp—
1 ‘squeeze, nip’. [Poss. same as *ṭippati]
K. ṭĕpun ‘to fill a receptacle forcibly’; S. ṭipaṇu ‘to
squeeze’; Ku. ṭipṇo ‘to pluck’, N. ṭipnu; A. ṭipiba ‘to
squeeze, pinch’; B. ṭipā ‘to pinch’, Or. ṭipibā; H. ṭīpnā
‘to squeeze, press’; G. ṭīpvũ ‘to pick up one by one’,
M. ṭipṇẽ.
*ṭipp—
2 ‘drip’ see *ṭapp—.
*ṭippa—
1 ‘note’ see *ṭippati.
*ṭippa—
2 ‘hill’ see *ṭappa—3.
ṭippaṇa— see *ṭippati.
Addenda: *ṭipp—
1 ‘pinch’ (see *ṭappa—2, †;*ṭippa—3): WPah.kṭg.
ṭipṇõ; ‘to pinch’, kc. ṭipṇo ‘to pick up’.
*ṭipp—
2 ‘drip’ see *ṭapp— Add2.
*ṭippa—
1 ‘note’ see *ṭippati Add2.
*ṭippa—
2 ‘hill’ see ṭappa—3 Add2.
†;*ṭippa—
3 ‘flow’ see *ṭappa—2 Add2.
5465 *ṭippati ‘notes’. 2. *ṭippa—
1 ‘note’. 3. ṭippaṇa—,
°aka-
n., °ṇī— f. ‘commentary, gloss’ BHSk. [Poss. same as
*ṭipp—1 ‘nip, notch’? — BHSk. ṭippiṭaka— < *ṭippita—?
— See *ṭēv—.]
1. G. ṭipvũ ‘to note down’, M. ṭipṇẽ.
2. Ku. ṭīp m., ṭīp—ṭāp ‘bond, document’; M. ṭīp f.
‘list, note’.
3. Pk. ṭippaṇaya— n. ‘commentary’; S. ṭipiṇo m.
‘almanac’; Or. ṭipaṇā ‘note, notch, fingermark’; Bi.
ṭīpan ‘horoscope of boy and girl for marriage’; G.
ṭipṇũ n. ‘almanac’, ṭipṇī f. ‘memorandum’; M. ṭipaṇ n.
‘note’.
*ṭibba—, *ṭimba— ‘hill’ see *ṭappa—3.
*ṭimbaru— ‘a tree’ see tumburu—.
*ṭilla— ‘heap, mound’ see *ṭalla—1.
*ṭillaka— ‘mark’ see tila—2.
ṭīṭibha— see ṭiṭṭibha—.
Addenda: *ṭippati. 2. G. ṭīp f. ‘list, note, document’.
3. ṭippaṇa—: S.kcch. ṭipṇo m. ‘almanac’.
ṭippaṇa— see *ṭippati Add2.
*ṭibba— ‘hill’ see *ṭappa—3 Add2.
5466 *ṭukk— ‘cut, break’. 2. *ṭukka— ‘piece’. [Poss. <
*trukk—, but connexion with √truṭ (as pp. with MIA.
—kk— replacing —ita—) very doubtful]
1. Ash. trikā— ‘to tear’, Kt. tr̥k—; Wg. (Lumsden)
"troka—ún" ‘to tear’, "trúká—ún" ‘to gather’; Paš. ṭug—,
ṭuk— ‘to peck, bite’; K. trukun, ṭukun ‘to crunch’; S. ṭukaṇu
‘to cut, gnaw’; L. ṭukkaṇ ‘to cut’, P. ṭukkṇā; WPah. jaun.
ṭūkṇõmacr; ‘to bite’; N. ṭākun—ṭukun ‘cutting up’; A. ṭukiba ‘to
bite bit by bit’; Or. ṭukibā ‘to eat small particles by picking
them up’.
2. K. truku
m. ‘sound of crunching’, ṭukh (dat. °kas)
m. ‘piece’; S. ṭuku m. ‘cut, hole’; L. ṭukkā m. ‘cut in
a canal’; P. ṭukk m. ‘cut, piece’, ṭuk ‘little’; Ku. ṭūk
‘twig, shoot’; N. ṭuk ‘piece’; B. ṭuk ‘particle denoting a
small quantity’; Bi. Mth. ṭūk ‘piece’; Bhoj. ṭūk ‘piece
of cloth’; OAw. ṭūka—ṭūka m. pl. ‘small pieces’, ṭuka
adv. ‘for a while’; H. ṭūk m. ‘small piece’, ṭuk adj. and
adv. ‘a little’; G. ṭũk, °kũ ‘small, brief’. — Ext. —ḍ—: P.
ṭukkaṛ m. ‘thick piece of bread’, ṭukṛā m. ‘piece’
Ku. ṭukuṛo m. ‘piece’, ṭukaṛi f. ‘scrap, bread’;
N. ṭukro ‘piece, splinter’ (whence ṭukryāunu ‘to break
in pieces’); H. ṭukaṛ, ṭukṛā m. ‘piece’, G. ṭukṛɔ m., M.
tukḍā, ṭu° m.; — with —r—: Paš. ṭƏkur— ‘to seize with the
teeth’ (?); K. ṭukara m. ‘piece’, S. ṭukaru, ṭukiro m.;
L. ṭukkur (pl. °kar) m. ‘piece of bread’; A. ṭukurā ‘small
piece’, B. ṭukrā, Or. ṭukurā, Bi. ṭukrī ‘quarter of a
cake’; — —ll—: Ku. ṭukulo ‘shoot, twig’; Or. ṭukulī ‘girl’.
Connexion with N. tukuni, ṭu° ‘small liquid measure’,
M. tukṇẽ ‘to weigh’, tūk n. ‘weighing’ is very doubtful.
Addenda: *ṭukk—. 1. WPah.kṭg. (kc.) ṭvkṇõ; ‘to bite, eat’, J.
ṭukṇā.
2. *ṭukka—: WPah.kṭg. ṭvkṛɔ m. ‘piece, morsel’.
5467 *ṭugga— ‘defective’. 2. *ṭuṅga—2. 3. *ṭōṅga—2.
[~ *ṭhugga—: see list s.v. *ṭuṇṭa—2]
1. Mth. ṭūgar ‘orphaned of one parent’.
2. Bi. (North of Ganges) ṭũgnī ‘cutting ears of corn
without stalks’, (SMunger) ṭũgnā ‘ear of wheat’ (but
see śuṅga—); H. ṭũgā m. ‘docked tail’.
3. M. ṭõ;g ‘wilful’ ṭõ;gaḷ ‘thick and rude’.
*ṭuṅka—, *ṭuṅga—
1 ‘hill’ see *ṭakka—3.
*ṭuṅga—
2 ‘defective’ see *ṭugga—.
*ṭuṅga—
3 ‘navel’ see tundi—.
*ṭuḍḍa— ‘defective’ see *ṭuṇṭa—2.
*ṭuṇṭa—
1 ‘mouth’ see tuṇḍa—.
5468 *ṭuṇṭa—
2 ‘defective’. 2. *ṭōṭṭa—2. 3. *ṭōṇta—2.
4. *ṭuḍḍa—. 5. *ṭuṇḍa—2. 6. *ṭunna—. 7. *tōṭṭa—2. [Cf.
ṭuṇṭuka—, ṭōṭa— ‘small’ ← Mu. PMWS 150. — Other
variants: *ṭaṭṭa— (*taṭṭa—2, *ṭugga— (*ṭuṅga—2, *ṭōṅga—2),
*ṭulla—, *ṭhugga— (*ṭhuṅga—), *ṭhuṭṭha— (*ṭhuṇṭha—,
*ṭhōṭṭha—, *ṭhōṇṭha—), *ṭhōbba— (*ṭhōmba—), *ṭhōssa—,
*ḍōkka—2, *ḍuṇṭa— (*ḍuḍḍa—2, *ḍuṇḍa—2, *ḍōṭṭa—,
*ḍōṇṭa—2), *ḍussa—, *ḍhōṭṭa—, *duḍḍa—2, *dhōkka—2,
*ṭiṇṭa—, *ṭhiṭṭha— (*ṭhēṭṭha—, *ṭhēṇṭha—, *thiṭṭha—,
*thēṭṭha—, *thēṇṭha—), *ṭhiṅga—2 (*ṭhēṅga—2), *ḍhilla—2
*ḍhēlla—2. — Other ‘defective’ word—groups with
similar variations s.vv. kuṇṭha—, *naṭṭa—, baṇḍá—,
*bukka—4, *maṭṭa—, *lakka—1, vaṇṭa—2, *śaṭṭa—]
1. Pk. ṭuṁṭa— ‘having the hands cut off’; K. ṭunḍa m.
‘one who has a naturally crooked or withered arm’; L.
ṭuṇḍ, °ḍur m. ‘stump (of tree or limb)’, ṭuṇḍā ‘maimed,
branchless’; P. ṭuṇḍ m. ‘handless arm, withered hand,
bare trunk of tree’, ṭuṇḍā ‘wanting a hand, having broken
arms’, m. ‘shrivelled or paralysed hand’; H. ṭuṇṭā
‘handless’; G. ṭũṭḷũ ‘having a weakness or defect in the
hands’, ṭũṭ—mũṭ ‘shattered’.
2. A. B. ṭoṭā ‘stump’.
3. L. awāṇ. ṭūṇḍā ‘decrepit’; H. ṭõ;ṭā ‘handless’.
4. S. ṭuḍ̱o, °ḍ̱iṛo ‘crippled or maimed in the hands’.
5. H. ṭuṇḍ m. ‘stump of branch or arm’, ṭuṇḍā ‘hand-
less’; G. ṭuṇḍũ ‘having crooked hands or weak arms,
arrogant’.
6. H. ṭunnā m. ‘stump, nipple, clitoris’.
7. Gaw. tōṭa ‘blunt’.
ṭuṇṭuka— see *ṭuṇṭa—2.
*ṭuṇḍa—
1 ‘mouth’ see tuṇḍa—.
*ṭuṇḍa—
2 ‘defective’ see *ṭuṇṭa—2.
*ṭuṇḍi— ‘navel’ see tundi—.
*ṭunna— ‘defective’ see *ṭuṇṭa—2.
*ṭupp— ‘drip’ see *ṭapp—.
Addenda: *ṭuṇṭa—2: WPah.kṭg. ṭvnḍ m. ‘branchless tree’, ṭvṇḍɔ
‘blunt, one—armed’, J. ṭuṇḍā.
5469 *ṭubb— ‘sink, dive’. [Cf. *ḍubb—]
S. ṭuḇaṇu ‘to sink, dive’; L. ṭubbaṇ, (Ju.) ṭuḇḇaṇ ‘to dive,
clean out a well’; P. ṭubbṇā ‘to dive’; — S. ṭuḇī f. ‘a dive’,
L. ṭubbī f.; P. ṭubbī f. ‘diving, sinking a well’; Or. ṭuba
‘small pools full of water’, ṭubā ‘diving’; — S. ṭoḇo m.
‘diver’; L. ṭobā m. ‘diver, well—cleaner, diving bird’; P.
ṭobī f. ‘diving’, ṭobhā m. ‘diver’.
*ṭumba— ‘hill’ see *tappa—3.
Addenda: *ṭubb—: S.kcch. ṭubbī f. ‘a dive’.
*ṭēkk— ‘stop’ see *ṭakk—1 Add2.
5470 *ṭulla— ‘defective’. [See list s.v. *ṭuṇṭa—2]
M. ṭullū ‘dwarfish, short and thickset’, m. ‘childish
penis’.
*ṭūṭṭa— ‘mouth’ see tuṇḍa—.
5471 *ṭūssa— ‘small bit, bud, shoot’. [Connexion, if any
with túṣa— is not clear]
P. ṭūsā m. ‘bud of wild cotton’; Ku. ṭuso, ṭoso (pl.
ṭwāsā) ‘blade of grass, sprout’ (whence ṭusṇo ‘to
germinate’), N. ṭuso; B. ṭusi, ṭosā ‘drop, particle’; H.
ṭūsā m. ‘shoot’.
*ṭēkk— ‘stop’ see ṭakk—1.
*ṭēkka—, *ṭēṅga— ‘hill’ see *ṭakka—3.
*ṭēpp— ‘drip’ see *ṭapp—.
5472 *ṭēppa—
1 ‘fringe’.
N. ṭepro ‘foreskin’; B. ṭep ‘border or end of cloth’.
*ṭēppa—2, *ṭēmba— ‘hill’ see *ṭappa—3.
*ṭēmbaru— ‘a tree’ see tumburu—.
5473 *ṭēr— ‘notice’.
N. ṭernu ‘to notice, regard’, ṭer ‘attention’, B. ṭer,
Or. ṭera; H. ṭernā ‘to call out’, ṭer f. ‘summons’. -
Conn. with WPah. pāḍ. paṅ. cur. ṭīr ‘eye’ very doubtful.
Addenda: *ṭēr—: WPah.kṭg. ṭēr f. ‘request, urge’.
5475 *
ṭēv— ‘appoint, fix’. [Poss. < *
ṭēp—: cf. words for
‘horoscope’ s.v. *
ṭippati]
S.
ṭeva f. ‘habit’; P.
ṭevā m. ‘birth record from which
horoscope is calculated’; N.
ṭewā ‘support, prop’; H.
ṭew f.,
ṭewā m. ‘habit’, G.
ṭev f.; M.
ṭev f. ‘fancy’,
ṭevaṇ
n. ‘appointed time or place’.
Addenda: *
ṭēv—: WPah.kṭg. (Wkc.)
ṭ
e
uṇõ; ‘to arrange, manage’,
kṭg.
ṭewi
f. ‘wooden peg attaching yoke to pole’
Him.I 79.
5476 *ṭōkk— ‘strike, bite’. 2. *ṭōkka—2. 3. *ṭōkkarā—.
[Cf. *ṭhōkk— and *ṭukk—]
1. S. ṭokaṇu ‘to scold’; P. ṭokṇā ‘to hinder’; WPah.
khaś. ṭokknū ‘to fix in, interrupt’; Ku. ṭokṇo ‘to
destroy, reprimand’; N. ṭoknu ‘to snap at, bite’; A.
ṭokan ‘heavy stick, club’; B. ṭokā ‘to thwart’; Or. ṭokibā
‘to reprove, stumble’; Mth. ṭokab ‘to question’; H.
ṭoknā ‘to check, blame, question’; G. ṭokvũ, ṭɔ̃kvũ ‘to
scold’; M. ṭokṇẽ ‘to challenge’.
2. K. ṭŏkh (dat. °kas) m. ‘hammering’; Ash. ṭoká
‘nail, peg’, Kt. tku (NTS ii 281 < *ṭhōkk—); Ku. ṭok
‘rebuke’, ṭoko ‘prop, obstacle’; A. ṭok—ṭok ‘sound of
gentle repeated knocking’; G. ṭok f. ‘goading’; Si. ṭokka
(pl. ṭoku) ‘blow on the head’ (or < *ṭhōkk—).
3. S. ṭokara f. ‘knock’; B. ṭokar ‘rap’; G. ṭokar f.
‘knock’, ṭokrī f. ‘tongue of a bell’.
Addenda: *ṭōkk—: Garh. ṭokṇu ‘to hinder, check’.
5477 *ṭōkka—
1 ‘basket’. 2. *ṭhōkka—. [Cf. *dhōkka—1]
1. B. ṭokā ‘hat of basketwork’; Or. ṭokāi ‘basket’, M.
ṭõ;kvī. — Ext. —r—: K. ṭūkürü
f. ‘basket’, S. ṭokiro m., °rī
f., P. ṭokrā m.; WPah. bhal. ṭukru m. ‘small basket of
wicker and clay’; Ku. ṭokrī f. ‘basket’, N. ṭokrā, °ri
(ṭokaṛi ← Bi.?), B. ṭokrā, Or. ṭukurā, Bi. ṭokṛā (hyper-
hindiism with ṛ for r), H. ṭokrā m., °rī f.; M. ṭokar m.
‘circular leathern basket’, ṭokrā m. ‘basket’; — with
—n—: Or. (dial.) ṭukanā, ṭukini.
2. N. ṭhokro ‘quiver’, ṭhokre ‘maker of clay vessels’.
*ṭōkka—2, *ṭōkkarā— ‘blow’ see *ṭōkk—.
Addenda: *ṭōkka—: WPah.kṭg. ṭokrɔ, °ru m. ‘basket’, Md.
ṭukuri.
†;*ṭōṭa— see *ṭōṭṭa—1.
5478 *ṭōṅka— ‘beak’. 2. ṭōṅga—1. 3. *ṭhōṅga—. [See list
s.v. tuṇḍa—]
1. H. ṭõ;k f. ‘beak, point’, M. ṭõ;k, ṭõ;krī f. — Poss. Wg.
ṭõmacr;ka, tūṅga ‘scorpion’, Shum. ṭä̃ukƏ (NTS xvii 307 cf.
N. ṭhuṅnu see below).
2. H. ṭõ;g f. ‘beak, point’.
3. S. ṭhoṅgo m. ‘peck’; P. ṭhū̃gṇā ‘to peck’, Ku.
ṭhuṅṇo, N. ṭhuṅnu; A. ṭhõ;gonā ‘blow on cheek’; H. ṭhõ;g
f. ‘beak’, ṭhõ;gnā, ṭhū̃gnā ‘to peck’.
*ṭōṅga—
1 ‘beak’ see prec.
*ṭōṅga—
2 ‘defective’ see *ṭugga—.
*ṭōcca—, *ṭōñca— ‘beak’ see *cōṇṭa—.
5479 *ṭōṭṭa—
1 ‘hollow stick, tube, hole’. 2. *ṭōṇṭa—
1
3. * ḍuḍḍa—1. [Same as *ṭōṭṭa—2, *ḍuḍḍa—2?]
1. S. ṭoṭo m. ‘piece of stick’; P. ṭoṭṭā m. ‘candle—end’,
ṭoṭṭī f. ‘joint of bamboo’; Ku. ṭoṭo ‘hole’; N. ṭoṛko
(< *ṭoṭko) ‘big hole in a tree’; H. ṭoṭā m. ‘hollow
bamboo tube, cartridge’ (in latter sense → K. ṭoṭa m.,
A. B. Or. M. ṭoṭā ‘cartridge’, N. ṭoṭā ‘fired cartridge
case’); G. ṭoṭɔ m. ‘pipe, throat, cracker’.
2. Bhoj. ṭõmacr;ṭī ‘pipe’.
3. P. ḍuḍḍ f. ‘mouse—hole’, duṛ(h) f. ‘wolf's den’ (see
*dula—).
*ṭōṭṭa—
2 ‘defective’ see *ṭuṇṭa—2.
*ṭōṭṭa—
3 ‘mouth’ see tuṇḍa—.
*ṭōṇṭa—
1 ‘tube’ see *ṭōṭṭa—1.
*ṭōṇṭa—
2 ‘defective’ see *ṭuṇṭa—2.
*ṭōṇṭa—
3 ‘mouth’ see tuṇḍa—.
*ṭōṇḍi— ‘navel’ see tundi—.
Addenda: *ṭōṭṭa—
1. 4. †;*ṭōṭa—: S.kcch. ṭoṛī f. ‘bamboo stick’.
5480 *ṭōna— ‘sorcery’. [If, ac. to W.Wüst RM 3, 5 ff., ṭ— may
be non—Aryan adaptation of IA. ś— (or vice versa?), then
poss. < *ṭakuna— < śakuná— ‘bird of omen’ RV. (cf.
śakunī— f. ‘demon’, °nikā— f. ‘attendant on Skanda’ MBh.
and further śākiná— ‘ep. of Indra’ RV., śākinī— f. ‘atten-
dant on Durgā’: see ḍākinī—) rather than with Wüst
loc. cit. p. 10 < śuná n. ‘prosperity’ ŚBr. (J. C. W.)]
S. ṭoṇo m. ‘witchcraft’, P. ṭoṇā, ṭūṇā m.; WPah. bhal.
ṭoṇo m. ‘spell, charm’; Ku. ṭōṇo, ṭūṇo ‘sorcery’, N.
ṭuṇā (whence ṭuṇyāhā ‘wizard’), Or. ṭuṇā, OAw. ṭonā,
H. ṭonā, ṭaunā m., G. ṭoṇũ n. (changed to —ṭumaṇ in
kāmaṇ—ṭumaṇ n.); M. ṭāṇā—ṭoṇā m. ‘juggling’.
*ṭōndi— ‘navel’ see tundi—.
ṭōpara— see *tōba— and ṭōppa—2.
*ṭōpp— ‘drip’ see *tapp—.
5481 *ṭōppa—
1 ‘hat, covering’. [Late Sk. ṭuppikā— f. ‘a partic.
article of clothing’, ṭōpikā— f. ‘turban’ W.Wüst RM
3, 75 ff.: connexion with āṭōpa— (whether with PMWS
18 ← Mu. or with Wüst non—Aryan change of *āśōpha—)
is very doubtful. — Same as *ṭōppa—2?]
Pk. ṭōpiā— f. ‘helmet’; Dm. ṭópai ‘peak’ NTS